SECUENCIA DIDÁCTICA HISTORIA

We explore the Modern Age

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Sandra Arrones Rodríguez

What was the age of exploration?

15th - 16th century

They used compass, astrolabe and navigation.

They also used the caravel

America, Oceania and Antarctica

Christopher Columbus presented his plan to sail west Asia to the Reyes Católicos, which agreed to finance him. On August the 3rd, 1492, he set off from Palos de la Frontera (Huelva). On October 12th, 1492, he reached San Salvador. Amerigo Vespucci proved that the islands were part of a new continent: America.

What was the age of exploration?

New world civilizations

Aztecs (Mexico). They were warriors and farmers. They built a great Empire. Tenochtitlán was the capital.

Mayas (Shouthern Mexico). Chichén Itza. They were farmers, craftspeople and traders

Incas (Andes). They built temples such as Machu Pichu. Cuzco was the capital.

Impact

• The Modern Age starts.
• International trade and new products.
• Spanish language and catholic religion in expansion

Changes during the Modern Ages

• Church and nobility had less power.
• More taxes.

Economy:

• Flourishment of trade and crafts.
• Creation of public banks.
• Economy based on crop farming still with poor techniques.

Privileged: nobility and clergy. They didn’t pay taxes. They had their own laws.

Non- privileged: peasants, merchants and craftspeople. They paid taxes. Bourgeoisie were merchants and bankers with a lot of influence.

Philosophy and culture

• Humanism focused on importance of human beings.
• Understand the world through reason and experience.
• Invention of printing press (Gutenberg)

Society

Women: dependent on parents or husbands. Their marriages were arranged. Only the rich ones learnt how to read and write.

What was the Spanish Empire?

Isabel de Castilla + Fernando de Aragón

Permanent armies

1492: Granada and América 1496: Canary Islands 1512: Navarra

More territories

Achievements

Catholic territories

What was the Spanish Empire?

Spanish Empire

Carlos I (1516) also named Carlos V of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1520 he was forced to change how he ruled.

Felipe II (1556). He was the son of Carlos I. He added new territories. He turned Madrid into the capital and was a great defender of Catholicism.

What was the Spanish Empire?

The end of the Spanish Empire

Main kings: Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II.

War of Succession because Carlos II died without a successor.

They created “validos” who governed in their name.

• Wars
• Epidemics
• Less gold
• Bad harvests
• Lack of trade

17th century crisis

What was the conquest of America like?

Conquest

1. Spanish first occupied the Caribbean Islands. 2. They conquered the rest of the continent.

Important leaders Hernán Cortés Aztec Empire Francisco Pizarro Inca Empire

The Spanish had:

• Firearms
• Iron armour
• Horses

Why?

What was the conquest of America like?

Organisation

Society organiced by race

• Spanish law.
• Catholic religion.
• Spanish language.
• New institutions.

Spanish owned the land Mestizos Indigenous people worked the land Black people were slaves

Territory

Consejo de Indias

Viceroyalties

• New Spain
• Peru

What was the conquest of America like?

Lifestyle

- Cities were founded modelling the Spanish ones.- Built roads: Calzadas Reales. - Large ranches/farms: Haciendas. - Control over mines of silver and gold. - Trading houses casa de contratación de Sevilla.

What changes happened in the 18th century?

Spanish Empire

As Carlos II died (1700) without descendants, he named Felipe de Borbón (French) to be the king. Some people didn’t like this decision, so an international and civil war started to choose between:

Felipe de Borbón • French • Supported by Castilla

Carlos de Habsburgo • Supported by Aragón

WINNER

What changes happened in the 18th century?

Borbon reforms

Modified by Decretos de Nueva Planta.

Central administrations.

Political

All communities had same laws.

Except País Vasco and Navarra

Creation of museum, gardens, academies…

Cultural

Creation of Royal factories protected by the State.

Economic

Building of roads and bridges to encourage more trade.

What changes happened in the 18th century?

The Enlightment

The reason was the power by which humans can understand the universe.

• People are born equal.
• Belief in freedom and rights.
• Separation of powers.
• Constitution was needed.
• Education and knowledge are powerful.

Principles

The legacy of the modern age

Science

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

Galileo Galilei

• The Earth orbits the Sun.
• Creation of telescopes.
• There are craters on the Moon.

Isaac Newton

• Gravity Law
• White light is composed of colours.

• Creation of single-lense microscope.
• Observe microorganisms.

The legacy of the modern age

Art

The legacy of the modern age

Siglo de Oro

Sculptors

• Alonso Cano
• Gregorio Fernández

Painters

• Diego de Velázquez
• Francisco Zurbarán

Architects

Writers

• Miguel de Cervantes