Vietnam Timeline
Yasamin | Priscilla Mr. Dickens Multi-Cultural Literature Nov 12th, 2023
Economic Developments
Bibliography
Colonial History Background
Independence Struggles
Geography & Demographics
Legacy
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1862
1858
1887
Peace Treaty
Colonialism Begins
Indochinese Union
The French faced Vietnamese resistance until a peace treaty in 1862, which ceded their conquered areas to France. Following this, the French conquered areas in northern and central Vietnam, respectively.
Although France was the main colonial power in Vietnam, their colonization process spanned several years. Beginning when the French naval commander attacked and occupied Tourane, establishing a French military base, primarily driven by their need for overseas markets and a larger French share of Asian territory.
In the late 19th century, Laos was annexed, designating the Indochinese Union as part of their colonial expansion in Southeast Asia.
1986
1980s-2000s
1975
The Vietnamese government initiates economic and political reforms called Doi Moi, leading to significant political and economic growth.
Vietnam embraces trade liberalization, deregulation, and lowers the cost of business, as well as attracting foreign investment.
After the Vietnam War, Vietnam had one of the world's most impoverished economies with a GDP per capita between $200 - $300 in the mid-1980s.
Economic Growth
Investments in Human Capital & Infrastructure:
2017
1986
Vietnam's GDP growth increases by at least 5% per year since 2010, reaching its peak at 6.8% in 2017.
Vietnam invests in primary education and infrastructure to accommodate its growing population of over 98.8 million people
Vietnam rises in global competitiveness rankings, from 77th to 55th place in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report and from 104th to 68th place in the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business ranking.
Vietnam introduces its first law on Foreign Investment, opening the doors for foreign companies to enter the country.
Bibliography
If you'd like to learn more...
Colonial History:“The Conquest of Vietnam by France.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam/The-conquest-of-Vietnam-by-France. Accessed 2 Nov. 2023. Geography & Demographics: “Vietnam.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 2 Nov. 2023, www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam. Independence Struggles:U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/dien-bien-phu. Accessed 2 Nov. 2023. “Vietnam Declares Its Independence from France | September 2, 1945.” History.Com, A&E Television Networks, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/vietnam-independence-proclaimed. Accessed 2 Nov. 2023. Economic Development: “The Story behind Viet Nam’s Miracle Growth.” World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/how-vietnam-became-an-economic-miracle/. Accessed 2 Nov. 2023.
Land Exploitation
Economy
Culture
Agent Orange
French colonial rule significantly influenced Vietnamese culture, with the lasting use of the French language in education and a lasting impact on Vietnam's intellectual elite. This cultural blending also extended to administrative structures and societal norms, creating a mix of Vietnamese and French influences.
Economic reforms under French colonial rule integrated Vietnam into the larger colonial economic system. This involved the exploitation of natural resources such as rubber, coal, and tin, often to the detriment of the local population.
Though commonly associated with the later Vietnam War involving the U.S., herbicides such as Agent Orange were employed by the French during the First Indochina War. These substances were used to eliminate vegetation used by the Viet Minh, leading to persistent environmental and health consequences for Vietnamese civilians and military personnel.
French policies introduced shifts in traditional Vietnamese agriculture by introducing cash crops like rubber and indigo. This displaced traditional farming practices and often marginalized local communities, favoring large plantations over indigenous land rights.
Religions
Culture
Ethnic Diversity
Geography
The culture is rooted in traditional values, customs, and communal celebrations, emphasizing strong familial and community ties.
The rich history of neighboring nations is displayed in their cultural makeup, with Buddhism as the most prominent religion, Christianity following close behind, then Taoist, and indigenous belief communities.
While ethnically diverse, Vietnam is mainly comprised of Kinh and Vietnamese, with many other ethnic groups--Khmer, Dao, Ba Na, Cham, and more-- scattered along various regions.
Situated in Southeast Asia, Vietnam shares its borders to the north with China, to the east and south with the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and Cambodia and Laos to the west.
1945
1946
1945
Late 1940s
December 19th
September 2nd
Ho Chi Minh attempts to negotiate with the French for independence, but war breaks out between Viet Minh forces and the French army.
Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam's independence from French colonial rule just hours after Japan's surrender in World War II.
Viet Minh launches a counterattack on the French in Hanoi, marking the beginning of the First Indochina War.
1975
1954
Late 1950s
1954
Saigon, the old capital of South Vietnam, is renamed Ho Chi Minh City after communist victory.
Vietnam is divided into North Vietnam, controlled by Ho Chi Minh, and South Vietnam, ruled by Emperor Bao Dai.
Ho Chi Minh organizes the communist movement called the Viet Cong, which opposes South Vietnam's regimes and faces U.S. military intervention in 1964.
The French suffer a major defeat at Dien Bien Phu, leading to peace negotiations.
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Vietnam Timeline
Yasamin | Priscilla Mr. Dickens Multi-Cultural Literature Nov 12th, 2023
Economic Developments
Bibliography
Colonial History Background
Independence Struggles
Geography & Demographics
Legacy
+info
+info
+info
+info
+info
+info
1862
1858
1887
Peace Treaty
Colonialism Begins
Indochinese Union
The French faced Vietnamese resistance until a peace treaty in 1862, which ceded their conquered areas to France. Following this, the French conquered areas in northern and central Vietnam, respectively.
Although France was the main colonial power in Vietnam, their colonization process spanned several years. Beginning when the French naval commander attacked and occupied Tourane, establishing a French military base, primarily driven by their need for overseas markets and a larger French share of Asian territory.
In the late 19th century, Laos was annexed, designating the Indochinese Union as part of their colonial expansion in Southeast Asia.
1986
1980s-2000s
1975
The Vietnamese government initiates economic and political reforms called Doi Moi, leading to significant political and economic growth.
Vietnam embraces trade liberalization, deregulation, and lowers the cost of business, as well as attracting foreign investment.
After the Vietnam War, Vietnam had one of the world's most impoverished economies with a GDP per capita between $200 - $300 in the mid-1980s.
Economic Growth
Investments in Human Capital & Infrastructure:
2017
1986
Vietnam's GDP growth increases by at least 5% per year since 2010, reaching its peak at 6.8% in 2017.
Vietnam invests in primary education and infrastructure to accommodate its growing population of over 98.8 million people
Vietnam rises in global competitiveness rankings, from 77th to 55th place in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report and from 104th to 68th place in the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business ranking.
Vietnam introduces its first law on Foreign Investment, opening the doors for foreign companies to enter the country.
Bibliography
If you'd like to learn more...
Colonial History:“The Conquest of Vietnam by France.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam/The-conquest-of-Vietnam-by-France. Accessed 2 Nov. 2023. Geography & Demographics: “Vietnam.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 2 Nov. 2023, www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam. Independence Struggles:U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/dien-bien-phu. Accessed 2 Nov. 2023. “Vietnam Declares Its Independence from France | September 2, 1945.” History.Com, A&E Television Networks, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/vietnam-independence-proclaimed. Accessed 2 Nov. 2023. Economic Development: “The Story behind Viet Nam’s Miracle Growth.” World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/how-vietnam-became-an-economic-miracle/. Accessed 2 Nov. 2023.
Land Exploitation
Economy
Culture
Agent Orange
French colonial rule significantly influenced Vietnamese culture, with the lasting use of the French language in education and a lasting impact on Vietnam's intellectual elite. This cultural blending also extended to administrative structures and societal norms, creating a mix of Vietnamese and French influences.
Economic reforms under French colonial rule integrated Vietnam into the larger colonial economic system. This involved the exploitation of natural resources such as rubber, coal, and tin, often to the detriment of the local population.
Though commonly associated with the later Vietnam War involving the U.S., herbicides such as Agent Orange were employed by the French during the First Indochina War. These substances were used to eliminate vegetation used by the Viet Minh, leading to persistent environmental and health consequences for Vietnamese civilians and military personnel.
French policies introduced shifts in traditional Vietnamese agriculture by introducing cash crops like rubber and indigo. This displaced traditional farming practices and often marginalized local communities, favoring large plantations over indigenous land rights.
Religions
Culture
Ethnic Diversity
Geography
The culture is rooted in traditional values, customs, and communal celebrations, emphasizing strong familial and community ties.
The rich history of neighboring nations is displayed in their cultural makeup, with Buddhism as the most prominent religion, Christianity following close behind, then Taoist, and indigenous belief communities.
While ethnically diverse, Vietnam is mainly comprised of Kinh and Vietnamese, with many other ethnic groups--Khmer, Dao, Ba Na, Cham, and more-- scattered along various regions.
Situated in Southeast Asia, Vietnam shares its borders to the north with China, to the east and south with the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and Cambodia and Laos to the west.
1945
1946
1945
Late 1940s
December 19th
September 2nd
Ho Chi Minh attempts to negotiate with the French for independence, but war breaks out between Viet Minh forces and the French army.
Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam's independence from French colonial rule just hours after Japan's surrender in World War II.
Viet Minh launches a counterattack on the French in Hanoi, marking the beginning of the First Indochina War.
1975
1954
Late 1950s
1954
Saigon, the old capital of South Vietnam, is renamed Ho Chi Minh City after communist victory.
Vietnam is divided into North Vietnam, controlled by Ho Chi Minh, and South Vietnam, ruled by Emperor Bao Dai.
Ho Chi Minh organizes the communist movement called the Viet Cong, which opposes South Vietnam's regimes and faces U.S. military intervention in 1964.
The French suffer a major defeat at Dien Bien Phu, leading to peace negotiations.