Haiti

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General

• Capital: Port-au-Prince
• Population: 11.3 million
• Language: French, Haitian Creole

• Religion: Catholic 80% and Protestant 16%
• Goverment: Semi-presidential republic
• One of the most exposed country to the natural disasters

Demographics

• Major ethnic group: black (95%)
• Life expectancy: 64.3

• Religion: Catholic 80% and Protestant 16%
• TFR: 2.76
• Infant mortality rate: 40.2‰
• Negative migration saldo
• Literacy: 64%

History

1492

1795

1804

• Christopher Columbus
• Many people died, not profitable at all

Spanish coloniny

• Nobody accepts their independence
• 150 million francs as compensation for lost revenues from slavery
• 40% of revenue went to paying dept
• political instability

Haitian revolution

• War with Spain
• Most profitable colony
• Harsh punishments

French colony

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History

1915

1957

1994

• Little to no help
• Gangs stronger than ever

New US invasion

• Francois Duvalier
• Fearing of coups, he relied on armed gang-Macoute (secret police)
• His son overthrown by army and Macoute

Dictatiorship

• To stabilize the country

• New president - protecting American interest
• Left country in even worse state

US occupation

Earthquake 2010

• Magnitude 7.0 with two aftershocks 5.9 and 5.4
• Transform boundary
• Shallow focus
• 230 000 deaths
• Massive destruction
• Outbreak of cholera
• Unsanitary conditions in temporary camps
• Migration to Dominican Republic led to ethnic clensing

Hurricane Matthew

• 2016
• Category 4/5
• Hitted the poorest region
• Destruction of the infrastructure
• Floods and landslides
• Problem for agriculture
• Half a million children out of school

COVID-19

• Outbreak was much lower than expected, around 200 deaths
• Food insecurity - imports more than 50%
• Rising of prices by 77%
• Absence of government support - no conotrol over the outbreak

Erthquake 2021

• Magnitude 7.2
• 2 248 deaths
• Massive destruction
• Huge humanitarian crisis
• Damage cost: $1.6 billion
• Constant help from the UN

Assasination of Jovenel Moise

• President from 2016 to 2021
• During his time lots of gang violence, crimes and protests
• Wanted to raise presidential power
• Forced people in parliament to resign
• Accused of corruption

Economy

• Low income country
• Places 163rd by GDP per capita
• 2/3 of population in agriculture, live in rural areas
• Most of the economy control gangas (food, fuel, water, electricity, services...)
• Exports coffee, mangoes, textiles and apparel
• Imports most of the food, petroleum products and electronic equipment

Port-au-Prince

• Population arounde one million (out of 11 million people)
• Main port and commercial centre
• Center of political life
• Home to universities, schools and cultural institutions

• Unitary state
• Executive power divided between president and the parliament
• Prime minister Ariel Henry currently serves as a president
• Over 200 gangs operate the country

Goverment

Housing and education

• Densly populated slums
• Patriarchy
• Most of the houses dont have electricity or piped water
• Mud walls and floors, roofs made of grass, palmleaves or plastic

• Education is compulsory from 6 to 12, but still most of them dont attend school
• Private schools - system creates small elites

Cultural life

• Developed out of centuries of slavery and colonialism
• Mostly influenced by Africa, France and Spain
• Voudu ceremonies

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