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Haiti

Ema Topalović

Created on October 27, 2023

Crisis hotspot

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General

  • Capital: Port-au-Prince
  • Population: 11.3 million
  • Language: French, Haitian Creole
  • Religion: Catholic 80% and Protestant 16%
  • Goverment: Semi-presidential republic
  • One of the most exposed country to the natural disasters

Demographics

  • Major ethnic group: black (95%)
  • Life expectancy: 64.3
  • Religion: Catholic 80% and Protestant 16%
  • TFR: 2.76
  • Infant mortality rate: 40.2‰
  • Negative migration saldo
  • Literacy: 64%

History

1492

1795

1804

  • Christopher Columbus
  • Many people died, not profitable at all

Spanish coloniny

  • Nobody accepts their independence
  • 150 million francs as compensation for lost revenues from slavery
  • 40% of revenue went to paying dept
  • political instability

Haitian revolution

  • War with Spain
  • Most profitable colony
  • Harsh punishments

French colony

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History

1915

1957

1994

  • Little to no help
  • Gangs stronger than ever

New US invasion

  • Francois Duvalier
  • Fearing of coups, he relied on armed gang-Macoute (secret police)
  • His son overthrown by army and Macoute

Dictatiorship

  • To stabilize the country
  • New president - protecting American interest
  • Left country in even worse state

US occupation

Earthquake 2010

  • Magnitude 7.0 with two aftershocks 5.9 and 5.4
  • Transform boundary
  • Shallow focus
  • 230 000 deaths
  • Massive destruction
  • Outbreak of cholera
    • Unsanitary conditions in temporary camps
  • Migration to Dominican Republic led to ethnic clensing

Hurricane Matthew

  • 2016
  • Category 4/5
  • Hitted the poorest region
  • Destruction of the infrastructure
  • Floods and landslides
    • Problem for agriculture
  • Half a million children out of school

COVID-19

  • Outbreak was much lower than expected, around 200 deaths
  • Food insecurity - imports more than 50%
  • Rising of prices by 77%
  • Absence of government support - no conotrol over the outbreak

Erthquake 2021

  • Magnitude 7.2
  • 2 248 deaths
  • Massive destruction
  • Huge humanitarian crisis
  • Damage cost: $1.6 billion
  • Constant help from the UN

Assasination of Jovenel Moise

  • President from 2016 to 2021
  • During his time lots of gang violence, crimes and protests
  • Wanted to raise presidential power
  • Forced people in parliament to resign
  • Accused of corruption

Economy

  • Low income country
  • Places 163rd by GDP per capita
  • 2/3 of population in agriculture, live in rural areas
  • Most of the economy control gangas (food, fuel, water, electricity, services...)
  • Exports coffee, mangoes, textiles and apparel
  • Imports most of the food, petroleum products and electronic equipment

Port-au-Prince

  • Population arounde one million (out of 11 million people)
  • Main port and commercial centre
  • Center of political life
  • Home to universities, schools and cultural institutions
  • Unitary state
  • Executive power divided between president and the parliament
  • Prime minister Ariel Henry currently serves as a president
  • Over 200 gangs operate the country

Goverment

Housing and education

  • Densly populated slums
  • Patriarchy
  • Most of the houses dont have electricity or piped water
  • Mud walls and floors, roofs made of grass, palmleaves or plastic
  • Education is compulsory from 6 to 12, but still most of them dont attend school
    • Private schools - system creates small elites

Cultural life

  • Developed out of centuries of slavery and colonialism
  • Mostly influenced by Africa, France and Spain
  • Voudu ceremonies

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