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biochemistry presentation

Zahraa Shokor

Created on October 27, 2023

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BIOCHEMISTRY PRESENTATION

group 4

Dr.Julnar Usta

Dima ShehabDina Kabbara Jinane Samaha Zahraa Shokor Zahraa Atrisi

enzyme :

lysozyme

It's a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal It has been associated with major breakthroughs

XRAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY STEPS

xray

PROTEIN PURIFICATION

3rd structure obtained

1st

3rd

2nd

4th

data analysis

CRYSTALLIZATION

protein purification

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet elit nibh.

crystallization

protein crystals

these are protein crystal locked with each crystal millions of protein molecules

X-Ray Diffraction

Determination Of Crystal Structures

Bragg's Equation

ny= 2d sin (theta)

Data Analysis

Processes

3.

1.

Electron densiy map is computed

The quality of the final product is checked with PROCHECK

4.

2.

The final structure is deposited into PDB (Protein Data Bank

Model building and refinement are conduced

The 3 Dimensional Structure Of A Protein

Obtaining protein crystals Recording the diffraction pattern Interpreting the data using a computer An atomic-resolution model of a protein

X Ray Sources and Detectors

X-Ray tube

Slide Types

Electrons responsibility in diffraction and intensity

Electrons scatter x-rays weaker than heavy metals

1.

Rotating anode tube

2.

Strong synchroton x-ray source

rotating anode

The First X-Ray Crystal Structure of a Full Length PAH Enzyme

Enim senectus tempor vivamus elementum gravida aptent quisque malesuada.

Biophysical Characterization

Of full length human PAH provides deeper understanding of its quaternary structure equilibrium (Between R and T form)

Pharmacological Chaperone

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer odio turpis, varius vitae tempor vel, venenatis vel lectus. Donec molestie, nisi in rhoncus faucibus, nibh dui elementum purus, at efficitur elit magna convallis mauris.

viral applications

understanding viral mechanisms

anti viral drug design and vaccine development

HIV /HIV protease

limitations

limited applicability

Radiation damage

Equipment and expertise

hydrogen atoms

Microcrystal Electron Diffraction

has enabled the determination of structures from very small crystals.

How to overcome the limitations?

SFX: serial femtosecond crystallogaphy
Room Temperature Serial Crystallography

to overcome radiation damages

Thank you!

Web links

References

https://www.immutoscientific.com/blog/x-ray-crystallography

https://www.rigb.org/explore-science/explore/person/william-lawrence-bragg-1890-1971

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165614704003050

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/pah/

https://www.nature.com/subjects/x-ray-crystallography/nmeth

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28573569/

https://www.foxchase.org/news/2019-08-27-PAH-possible-treatment-strategies-pku