Learning Theories Mind Map-sherouk Ghallab

Click on yellow circles to reveal each theory explanation and red circles to reveal practical application tips for e-learning courses

Cognitivism

Andragogy

Cognitive Load

Constructivism

Behaviorism

Mind Map

Learning theories Mindmap. © 2023 by Sherouk Ghallab is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Learning Theory Mind Map

• Design learning activities that allow learners to explore and experiment. (e.g deconstruct complex concepts using simulations and real-world case studies)
• Use inquiry-based learning & project-based learning approaches (e.g create scenario-based assessments)
• Create a collaborative learning environment (e.g discussion forums, group and peer assignments)

How to apply constructivism in E-learning

• Use visuals and diagrams to help learners understand complex concepts. (e.g flashcards)

• Organize the content in a logical sequence and provide clear instructions for each activity. (e.g use modules, sections, and topics hierarchy)
• Add hands-on activities, simulations, and problem-solving tasks to the learning journey.

How to apply Cognitivism in E- learning

Andragogy

The major points of Andragogy theory are based on these assumptions about how adults learn:

• Adults crave to understand why they’re learning something.
• Adults want to actively participate in a learning process with their pre-existing knowledge, experience, and points of view.
• Adults are not ‘learning for learning’s sake’, but they are ready to learn when it makes sense in their career, life circumstances, or life goals.
• Adults are primarily driven by internal motivation factors, like a desire for higher self-esteem.

it is a learning theory that focuses on the unique needs of adult learners. This theory refers to the methods and approaches used in adult education and is directed towards self-actualization, gaining experience, and problem-solving in contrast to the pedagogy method in which the learner is dependent on the teacher for guidance, evaluation, and acquisition of knowledge.

Constructivism

It is a learning theory that suggests that learners actively construct their own knowledge through experience instead of passively receiving information. Constructivists believe that learning is most effective when it is authentic and meaningful to the learner. * For better understanding: Check out this video to see how they solved the problems in Penny’s Entrepreneurial project when they collaborated and applied the learned knowledge and science into a real problem.

Constructivism

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How to apply behaviorism in E- learning

• Use positive reinforcement, such as points or badges, to reward learners for completing tasks. (e.g Gamification apps)
• Break down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable steps so that learners are more likely to experience achievements (E.g microlearning)
• Give immediate feedback to help learners learn from their mistakes and adjust their behaviors accordingly.

• Manage Intrinsic Cognitive Load by using multimedia wisely, and avoid excessive animations or graphics that may distract from the main content.
• Reduce Extraneous Cognitive Load by using a logical course structure, intuitive menus, and consistent buttons to reduce the cognitive load associated with navigating the eLearning platform.
• Optimize Germane Cognitive Load by presenting previously worked examples to learners and tailoring lessons according to their existing knowledge and skills.

How to apply cognitive load theory in E-learning

Behaviorism

Focuses on observable behaviors, associating a stimulus (positive or negative) with a response. It posits that learning is the result of the interactions between an individual and their environment. * for better understanding: Check out this video to see how Sheldon shaping Penny's behavior (the Bing Bang theory fans)

Congnitivism

It focuses on the mental processes involved in learning, such as perception, memory, and thinking. this learning theory believes that learning occurs through the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of information. * For better understanding: Check out this video to see how Sheldon uses his prior math knowledge to calculate the feasibility of Penny’s Entrepreneurial project. (watch till minute 1:41)

Cognitive Load

Cognitive load theory is a learning theory that focuses on the amount of information that can be processed by working memory at any given time. In simple words, too much cognitive load can interfere with learning.

How to apply Andragogy in E learning

• Clearly state the learning objectives at the beginning of each module. This helps adults focus on the course (WHY)
• Respect the adults' Autonomy: give the learner the opportunity to jump between content sections and skip previous knowledge, allow them to make choices, and provide options for assignments.
• Give the learners the opportunity to apply learning, by including practical exercises, case studies, or real-world projects that they can implement in their work or personal life.

• Encourage learners to share their real-life experience, by using discussion forums. group projects and peer assignments that prompt reflection and sharing.
• Provide opportunities for self-assessment, reflection, and feedback. Use quizzes, self-assessments, or peer/post assessments and provide constructive feedback.
• By the end of the course, encourage adults to pursue further courses, certifications, or learning pathways to advance their careers.