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Improving Climate Literacy in the Geography Classroom

Kit Marie Rackley

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Tackling climate change and safeguarding our young peoples' futures are values we share. To keep this resource free and sustainable, please consider donating towards its upkeep and the educational efforts of Geogrambings, and ensure you reference and cite this work appropriately. Let's do this together! Thank you.

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Improving Climate Literacy in the Geography Classroom

An interactive guide to a systematic approach
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Kit Marie RackleyLast update: October 2025

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Improving Climate Literacy in the Geography Classroom © 2023-2025 by Kit Marie Rackley is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

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Improving Climate Literacy in the Geography Classroom
Sources of information
Introduction
Overview
NOAA's principles in the classroom
Key terminology
Key messages for learning
Possible teaching & learning approaches
References
Index
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Introduction

What is 'climate literacy' and why is it important?

To be 'climate literate' is to understand how climate observations, records and modelling allows scientists to know what is happening to Earth's climate. It also means that we are aware of the relationship between climate and human life and how one impacts the other. Climate literacy helps people to make informed decisions, empowers action, reduce eco-anxiety and promote climate resilience.

Why should the Geography classroom promote it?

Living in a globalised society in which social media and disinformaiton is prevelent, a climate literate Geography classroom promotes critical thinking and takes a more nuanced but scientifically-led approach to teaching controversial issues like the climate crisis. This systematic approach can help you to develop a climate literate programme of study.

Essential Principles of Climate Literacy

Overview

Principles for the Geography classroom
Focus shift from natural forcing to attribution
Resources based on authoritative sources
Climate justice & systemic issues
A systematic approach to improving climate literacy in the Geography classroom
Key terminology

This overview helps to visualise how teaching and learning approaches (bottom) are informed by key and essential principles towards the top. You can explore each part of this system by clicking on them.

Media outlets

Educational organisations

Social media

Higher Ed Outreach

Wikipedia

informed by
Sources of information

Climate research & academic institutions e.g.

Public scientific organisations e.g.

Latest reports & visualisations

Key messages for learning

DfE Climate Action Plans (England)

Key terminology
Possible teaching & learning approaches

Links to Statutory Documents & Safeguarding

Wider school policy

Analysing unfamiliar data presentation

Indigenous & first-hand accounts

GIS

Assess mitigation strategies

Geographical skills

Research into school/ community climate resilience

Highlight climate justice and systemic issues

Decolonising climate education

A decolonial approach to dealing with climate change and achieving an equitable climate resilient society is not only a moral or historical argument but a scientific one too. The IPCC reports with high confidence that rapid mitigation is only possible where transitions are equitable, inclusive, and just, and that ‘disruptive changes in economic structure’ are needed. Therefore, for educators to be climate literate, a decolonial approach to teaching climate change is necessary.

LEARN MORE

CLICK THE NUMBER AGAIN TO CLOSE

Essential Principles of Climate Literacy in the Geography classroom

Humans can take action

THE GUIDING PRINCIPLE

While it is increasingly unlikely that global warming can be kept at or below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, we can still achieve a stable climate by the end of this century which will allow for human and natural systems to adapt to a new climate norm - increasing the chances we can address inequalities and vulnerabilities. We also need to prepare for impacts, plan for resilient communities, and protect the ecosystems that sustain us.

CLICK AGAIN TO CLOSE

Scientifically, the case is now closed

While the sun is the primary source of energy for the Earth's climate system, this system is now out of balance. Natural forcings like solar activity, volcanic eruptions and Milankovic cycles play an insignificant role compared to human greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, since the turn of the 21st century, the science of extreme event attribution studies has developed substantially. An increasing number of studies are showing extreme weather events such as heatwaves and droughts are attributable to climate change.

LEARN MORE

CLICK THE NUMBER AGAIN TO CLOSE

Shift focus from natural forcing towards human attribution

Resources stem from authoritative scientific sources

LEARN MORE

Check your sources

Propaganda, misinformation and fake news is pursuasive and influencial, particularly through social media. Good geography teaching can equip young people with critical thinking, fact-checking skills, and safeguards them from the online dangers of misinformation. In recent years, academic and scientific organisations have made great strides in making their research accessible to the public. Reputable media outlets directly reference or work with these organisations to produce digestible and teachable resources. Utilising these also safeguards you as the educator as climate change is still seen as a controversial issue.

CLICK THE NUMBER AGAIN TO CLOSE

When looking at the Essential Principles through the lens of teaching Geography, what do they look like? Click on a number for ideas.

Click again to close
IMPORTANT NOTE

NOAA updated their "Essential Principles" in 2024 which was subsequently been removed by order of the Trump Administration. You can find an archived version and commentary here:

Shift focus from natural forcing towards human attribution

https://geogramblings.com/2025/02/23/defending-climate-literacy-a-response-to-noaas-guide-removal/

Resources stem from authoritative scientific sources

Important notice

Highlight climate justice and systemic issues

Climate literacy principles in the Geography classroom

Focus less on natural forcings and more on attribution

Graphic constructed using data from Carbon Brief's "Mapped: How Climate Change Affects Extreme Weather Around the World" (Nov 2024)

Graphic based on IPCC AR6 WG1 Figure SPM.2

Climate Literacy principles in the Geography classroom

Use resources based on authoritative sources

Using resources based on authoritative sources is crucial when teaching about climate change for several reasons:

Authoritative sources, such as scientific journals, transparent government agencies, and reputable organisations, provide well-researched and peer-reviewed information. This ensures that the data and findings you present are accurate and reliable.

By exposing students to high-quality, authoritative sources, you encourage them to develop critical thinking skills. They learn to discern credible information from unreliable sources, an essential skill in today's information-rich world.

Accurate information from authoritative sources empowers students to make informed decisions about climate change and its impacts. This knowledge is vital for fostering responsible and proactive global citizens, but also build resilience.

Given that climate change can be a controversial issue, using reputable sources provides a strong foundation for your teaching. It helps you navigate sensitive discussions with confidence and authority.

In an era of extreme political ideology, and where misinformation is rampant, especially on social media, using authoritative sources helps counteract false narratives and provides students with a clear understanding of the facts.

Leveraging information from trusted sources enhances your credibility as an educator. It shows that you are committed to providing students with factual and evidence-based knowledge.

Support for Controversial Topics

Informed Decision-Making

Accuracy and Reliability

Critical Thinking

Combating Misinformation

Credibility

Read More

Latest reports & visualisations

Public scientific organisations e.g.

Climate research & academic institutions e.g.

Examples:
Sources of information

Combating misinformation

“There is no expert consensus because 31,487 Americans with a science degree signed a petition saying humans aren’t disrupting climate!”

While climate change science is objective, climate change remains a controversial issue due to differing political, economic, and social perspectives, misinformation, and vested interests that influence public opinion and policy decisions. John Cook's 'Cranky Uncle' is an example of a tool that uses humor and critical thinking to counteract misinformation and build resilience against science denial.

Visit Him

Cranky Uncle by john cook

Climate literacy principles in the Geography classroom

Climate justice & systemic issues

One of the key findings [of the IPCC 6th Assessment Report] in relation to equity and inclusion in climate action is that activities that “prioritize equity, climate justice, social justice and inclusion,” lead to “more sustainable outcomes, reduce trade-offs, support transformative change and advance climate resilient development.”

Uneven scales and weighted dice

Bottoms up?

How and why are carbon emissions by income shaped like a margarita glass?

The impacts of climate change are not the same any where, on any scale.

Unequal causes

Unequal consequencces

Sources of information

Using popular, non-academic and social media

A launch-pad for information

Great for summaries, be aware of bias

High impact but much caution needed

Crowdsourced encyclopedia with linked references to primary sources.

Current event summaries that attempt to bridge research and public understanding.

Real-time platforms amplifying both credible and misleading content.

10

Sources of information

Latest IPCC reports and visualisations

Mini self-guided presentation

  • Who are the IPCC?
  • What are their reports?
  • Truth or myth?
  • The latest findings

Let's get started!

11

Play

Optional video:

"Intergovernmental" refers to activities, agreements, or relations between different levels or branches of government. In this case, here governments collaborate to assess climate science, producing reports that inform global policy.

Collaboration is through a panel of climate scientists (e.g., climatologists, economists) and policymakers (e.g., national delegates, environmental ministers) to assess and summarise climate research for global agreements.

12

Each consisting of three working groups....

13

14

Findings from the IPCC 6th Assessment Synthesis Report (2023): Simplified

A. Current Status and Trends

A1

Humans caused 1.1°C global warming via greenhouse gases. Emissions rise unevenly due to unsustainable energy, land use, and consumption.

A2

A3

Climate change harms nature and people everywhere via extreme weather. Poor communities suffer most despite contributing least.

Adaptation helps but isn’t enough everywhere. Funding gaps limit efforts, especially for poorer nations facing permanent damage.

A4

Climate policies exist but emissions still soar. Current pledges put 1.5°C out of reach without more action.

IPCC AR6 SPM Figures 2.3 & SPM.1

IPCC AR6 SPM Figures 2.1 & 2.2

IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM Figure 2.5

Previously inaccessible to outside academia, IPCC report visualisations have improved significantly in terms of intuitiveness. Teachers are actively encouraged to use them with their students.

"We would like that the whole report helps enhance climate literacy worldwide; is used in teaching worldwide for teenagers, for students, so that they can learn the latest, best, available knowledge." - Dr Valérie Masson-Delmotte, at the press conference of the release of the IPCC AR6 WG1 report

15

Findings from the IPCC 6th Assessment Synthesis Report (2023): Simplified

B. Future Climate Change, Risks, and Long-Term Responses (1)

B1

Every bit of warming worsens risks. Fast emission cuts could slow warming within 20 years.

B2

Risks rise faster with each temperature bump. Climate and other dangers will combine unpredictably.

B3

Some damage is unavoidable now. Worse outcomes become likely if we keep warming the planet.

B4

Adaptation works less as warming grows. Planning can prevent maladaptation and benefit multiple areas.

IPCC AR6 SPM Figure 3.1

IPCC AR6 SPM Figures 3.3 & 4.3

Previously inaccessible to outside academia, IPCC report visualisations have improved significantly in terms of intuitiveness. Teachers are actively encouraged to use them with their students.

"We would like that the whole report helps enhance climate literacy worldwide; is used in teaching worldwide for teenagers, for students, so that they can learn the latest, best, available knowledge." - Dr Valérie Masson-Delmotte, at the press conference of the release of the IPCC AR6 WG1 report

16

Findings from the IPCC 6th Assessment Synthesis Report (2023): Simplified

B. Future Climate Change, Risks, and Long-Term Responses (2)

B5

Stop CO₂ emissions to halt warming. Existing fossil projects alone would blow past 1.5°C limit.

B6

To hit 1.5°C, cut emissions fast in all sectors now. Reach net-zero CO₂ by 2050.

B7

Overshooting 1.5°C requires CO₂ removal, causing extra harm. Longer overshoot means worse damage.

IPCC AR6 SPM Figure SPM.5

IPCC AR6 SPM Figure 3.6

Previously inaccessible to outside academia, IPCC report visualisations have improved significantly in terms of intuitiveness. Teachers are actively encouraged to use them with their students.

"We would like that the whole report helps enhance climate literacy worldwide; is used in teaching worldwide for teenagers, for students, so that they can learn the latest, best, available knowledge." - Dr Valérie Masson-Delmotte, at the press conference of the release of the IPCC AR6 WG1 report

17

Findings from the IPCC 6th Assessment Synthesis Report (2023): Simplified

C. Responses in the Near Term (1)

C1

Our future is at stake now. Global cooperation on climate action secures livable conditions for all.

C2

Acting fast cuts future damage and cleans air. Delay makes everything harder and costlier.

C3

All sectors must change rapidly. Many affordable climate solutions exist today locally.

C4

IPCC AR6 SPM Figure 4.5

Climate action aids global goals like equity. Context decides if trade-offs occur.

IPCC AR6 SPM Figures SPM.1 & SPM.6

IPCC AR6 SPM Figure SPM.7

Previously inaccessible to outside academia, IPCC report visualisations have improved significantly in terms of intuitiveness. Teachers are actively encouraged to use them with their students.

"We would like that the whole report helps enhance climate literacy worldwide; is used in teaching worldwide for teenagers, for students, so that they can learn the latest, best, available knowledge." - Dr Valérie Masson-Delmotte, at the press conference of the release of the IPCC AR6 WG1 report

18

Findings from the IPCC 6th Assessment Synthesis Report (2023): Simplified

C. Responses in the Near Term (2)

In Summary...

C5

Fairness boosts climate efforts. Support vulnerable groups first. Lifestyle changes help society too.

IPCC findings are essential knowledge for students inheriting a climate-changed world. Their reports provide the most authoritative, current science on the defining issue of students' futures. AR6 content directly supports science, geography, and civics standards on climate, systems, and evidence. They support teaching and learning by:

  • Equiping students with critical skills: analysing data, understanding global challenges, evaluating solutions.
  • Moving beyond theory: IPCC resources show real-world science, impacts, and pathways to solutions.
  • Having dedicated summaries & visuals (like SPMs, Interactive Atlas) that are designed for accessible classroom use.
  • Integrating IPCC science is crucial for developing informed, resilient, and solution-oriented citizens.

Good laws, policies, and funding enable climate action. Diverse knowledge improves planning.

C6

Climate action needs way more money and tech sharing. Global funds exist but aren’t flowing right.

C7

TEACHING & LEARNING RESOURCE LINKS

Geogramblings Teachers' Guide

IPCC Outreach Materials

IPCC WG1 Interactive Atlas

19

IPCC AR6 WG1 SPM Figure 2.5

A public scientific body/organisation is a government-funded or publicly mandated institution that conducts, coordinates, or disseminates scientific research to inform policy, public knowledge, and decision-making—free from commercial or political interference.

Sources of information

Public scientific organisations

20

Climate research and academic institutions are university-based centers conducting peer-reviewed scientific inquiry, generating evidence-based knowledge on climate systems, and sharing findings globally without commercial or political agendas. Here are just a few examples.

Sources of information

Climate research and academic institutions

21

Key messages for learning

Teachers equipped with climate-literate foundations can transform their authoritative knowledge into essential takeaways for learners. Distilling the essential principles, attribution science, and justice frameworks into core truths via programmes of studies, schemes of work and learning objectives will empower young geographers to understand and act on our changing world.

Modern climate change is caused by human activities, not natural forces. Scientists compare today’s rapid changes to Earth’s natural patterns over thousands of years.

When we work together—in classrooms, schools, and communities—we can create real climate solutions. Your school can be part of the solution: student-led energy audits, tree-planting projects, or council climate petitions prove local action sparks global change. Scaling these through Climate Action Plans creates measurable impact—and hope.

Those who did least to cause climate change often suffer most. For example, subsistence farmers in dry regions lose crops despite tiny carbon footprints.

Fixing climate change needs big societal shifts and political will, not just small personal steps. Laws and clean energy systems cut more emissions than recycling alone.

We already have the tools to tackle climate change. Renewable energy, protecting forests, and climate-smart farming work today. Solar and wind is cheaper than coal in most places.

  1. HUMANS ARE THE PRIMARY DRIVERS "Modern climate change is unequivocally caused by human activities, not natural forces."
  2. EVERY FRACTION OF A DEGREE MATTERS "Limiting warming to 1.5°C vs. 2°C drastically reduces irreversible impacts."
  3. CLIMATE IMPACTS ARE UNEQUAL "Vulnerability is highest among those who contributed least to emissions."
  4. SOLUTIONS REQUIRE SYSTEMIC CHANGE "Effective mitigation demands societal transformation—not just individual actions."
  5. HOPE LIES IN COLLECTIVE ACTION "Rapid emission cuts can still stabilize the climate within our lifetimes."

Although '1.5C' & '2C' are given as targets, every fraction of warming prevented saves and safeguards lives and livelihoods, and prevents environmental distruction. Tipping points and collapses can be avoided.

HUMANS ARE THE PRIMARY DRIVERS

EVERY FRACTION OF A DEGREE MATTERS

CLIMATE IMPACTS ARE UNEQUAL

SOLUTIONS REQUIRE SYSTEMIC CHANGE

THE SOLUTIONS WE NEED ALREADY EXIST

These messages transform abstract principles into learner agency—equipping youth to discern fact from fiction and advocate for evidence-based change.

HOPE LIES IN COLLECTIVE ACTION

22

Key terminology for climate literacy

The following geographical terms are those which climate literate teachers must know. These are terms which are currently in constant use in the latest research and thinking.

Nature-Based Solutions

Adaptation

Eco (climate) anxiety

Extreme event attribution

Carbon Budget

Anthropogenic

Climate Justice

Climate Resilience

Greenwashing

  • Adaptation
  • Anthropogenic
  • Carbon Budget
  • Climate Justice
  • Climate Resilience
  • Eco-Anxiety
  • Extreme event attribution
  • Greenwashing
  • Loss & Damage
  • Mitigation
  • Nature-based Solutions
  • Tipping Point

Loss & Damage

"Calling fossil gas 'green' is greenwashing; just because burning it realises less greenhouses gases than coal doesn't mean it's contributes nothing to climate change."

Mitigation

Tipping Point

"The council are investing money to make the city more climate resilient to heat by planting tens of thousands of trees and subsidising vertical forests on tall buildings."

"Extreme event attribution studies have concluded that the heatwave in July 2022 was made 10 times more likely by anthropogenic climate change."

"Amazon warming and deforestation could hit a tipping point, turning rainforest to savanna."

"Restoring mangroves is a nature-based solution that protects coasts (adaptation) and stores carbon (mitigation)"

"In 2022, COP27 in Eygpt established a Loss & Damage fund for climate-vulnerable nations."

"One way to deal with eco-anxiety is to reconnect with nature and spend more time in green spaces."

"The rapid climatic changes we are experiencing today is anthropogenic, driven mostly by fossil fuel combustion."

"Coastal cities use flood barriers for adaptation, with new zoning laws for locating new buildings"

"At current rates, the 1.5°C carbon budget will be exhausted by 2030."

The process of establishing the most likely causes for a change or an event (e.g. heatwave) with some defined level of confidence. Uses climate models to compare likelihood with/without human influence.

"Phasing out coal, a significant source of carbon dioxide, is critical for mitigation."

Fairness in addressing the causes of climate change, climate impacts & solutions, centering marginalised and Indigenous communities

"Climate justice demands wealthy nations fund adaptation in low-emission countries"

The American Psychology Association (APA) describes eco-anxiety as “chronic fear of environmental doom”, and feelings of hopelessness in dealing with climate change

Adjusting systems to reduce climate vulnerability. Actions that allow communities, infrastructure etc to continue in a changing climate.

Anthropo- is a prefix meaning human, humanoid, or human-like. So in this case, climate change caused by human activity.

The capacity of social, economic and ecosystems to cope with a hazardous event or trend or disturbance stemming from climate change.

The remaining CO₂ humans can emit before exceeding a temperature target (e.g., 1.5°C)

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions to limit the severity and impact of climate change

Misleading claims about environmental sustainability

Unavoidable economic/non-economic harms from climate impacts beyond adaptation limits

Threshold where small changes trigger irreversible cascading impacts

Using ecosystems (e.g. forests/wetlands) for climate mitigation/adaptation

  1. Front of the card gives the term and defintion
  2. Flip the card over for an example sentence
  3. Move onto the next card for the next term

QUICK TEACHING & LEARNING ACTIVITY

23

Possible teaching and learning approaches

There are a wealth of T&L approaches and resources to teach a climate-literate curriculum. What is showcased here can never be exhaustive and may indeed become out-of-date as climate and social science continues to evolve. Bookmarking the links below and checking them each time you need a curriculum or lesson refresh will ensure you stay on top of the latest research.

Data Literacy & Technical Skills

Human Dimensions & Narrative Approaches

Analysing unfamiliar data presentation

Geographical skills

GIS

Indigenous & first-hand accounts

Assess mitigation strategies

Action-Oriented / Local Engagement

Research into school/ community climate resilience

24

Use visualisations direct from the IPCC
Possible teaching and learning approaches

Analysing unfamiliar data presentation

Visit website

Visualisations from the latest Assessment Report

One of the best independent sources of climate news and analysis out there. Their catalogue of infographics come with deep explainers that allow you to teach the visualisations with confidence, and allow older or more proficient students to explore deeper.

AR6 WG1

AR6 WG2

Teacher's Guides

Re-visit the 'IPCC findings' section of this CPD

Climate Stripes Activities

25

Possible teaching and learning approaches

Causes of Climate Change: Living GraphStudents analyse climate forcings through graphs, proving human greenhouse gases drive modern warming, not natural factors like volcanoes or solar cycles.

Geographical skills

Download resources

More info & resources

Top Trump cards

Student Worksheet

Socioeconomic impacts of Climate Change: Layers of Inference

Scattergraph task

Students dissect climate impacts through visual analysis—observing details, interpreting causes, and probing socioeconomic consequences—to build critical thinking and empathy.

Teachers Notes

Climate Justice: Vulnerability vs EmissionsStudents analyse global CO₂ emissions vs. climate vulnerability using Top Trumps cards, revealing inequities through scatter graphs and discussions.

Scattergraph data

26

Possible teaching and learning approaches

Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

These GIS-powered resources combine authoritative data and interactive maps. They transform complex UK climate observations and future projections into engaging, curriculum-aligned investigations for all key stages, from local observations to global justice issues.

More info & resources

Explore to find age-differentiated StoryMaps and ready-to-use activities that build crucial geographical skills.

The Global Wind and Solar Atlases are authoritative, free-to-use data platforms that provide detailed renewable energy potential maps for any location on Earth. The interactive maps and data functions can bring authentic geographic inquiry into the classroom.

Global Solar Atlas

Global Wind Atlas

GCSE DME using the GSA

27

Possible teaching and learning approaches

Using Indigenous & first-hand accounts

Why Not Now? A poetry project which highlights student-led environmental actions. It helps teachers guide learners from awareness to tangible action, where young people can see themselves as part of the solution.

Student action

Indigenous Knowledge

Young People at a Crossroads

This research project shares intergenerational stories from first and second-generation immigrants, connecting lived experiences in the Global South with climate impacts. Its resources empower students to explore climate justice through personal narratives and family histories.

If Not Us Then Who? An Indigenous-led platform offering powerful short films, stories, and toolkits that showcase how Indigenous and local communities are leading the fight against climate change.

  • Young People at a Crossroads
  • Why Not Now
  • Studies with Indigenous input e.g. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.71914

Visit Project Website

28

Watch this conversation from 21:20 onwards about a student-focused citizen-science project led by Geography teacher Alistair Hamill. When done, click to reveal

how the project promotes different kinds of climate action.

Possible teaching and learning approaches

Researching into the climate resilience of the school and community

TEACHING & LEARNING RESOURCE LINK

An 'off the shelf' hyper-local fieldwork-based activity:

29

Possible teaching and learning approaches

Assessing mitigation strategies

Access the Interactive

My2050: School Carbon Levers (and other resources)

A hands-on simulation where students become policymakers, using lever cards to design their school's path to net-zero and instantly see the impact of their choices.

Carbon Lever Cards for School Actions

Resources by the RGS

Download resources

Wind & Solar: Diamond-9 Ranking

Students critically evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of key renewables through a structured ranking activity, fostering evidence-based decision-making on mitigation strategies.

30

Department for Education Climate Change & Sustainability Education Strategy

School Climate Action Plans

A holistic approach

Geography specialists can be a key cog in the wheel, but bringing the education sector to Net Zero requires effort and partnership

31

Holistic school approach and collaboration

Linking climate change to statutory documents

Linking your Climate Action Plan (CAP) to statutory policies ensures compliance with Department for Education requirements while embedding sustainability holistically across school operations. This approach transforms climate initiatives from standalone projects into mandated, accountable practices – strengthening impact through existing governance frameworks. Crucially, it connects environmental responsibility to core educational duties: safeguarding students, advancing equity, and delivering a future-ready curriculum. Have a go at this short activity that demonstrates how this is possible.

SELF-LED CPD RESOURCE AVAILABLEDownload the full CPD pack which can be used to discover possible links between your school's Climate Action Plan and exisiting statutory documents.

Click when finished

32

References & Further Reading

Page 5 NOAA Essential Principles
Pages 15-19 FINDINGS FROM IPCC AR6
Page 23 KEY TERMINOLOGY
Page 6 ATTIRBUTION
Page 28 Indigenous and first-hand accounts
Page 7 AUTHORITATIVE SOURCES
Page 29 Researching community climate resilence
Page 8 COMBATING MISINFORMATION
Page 30 Mitigation strategies
Page 9 CLIMATE JUSTICE & SYSTEMIC ISSUES
Page 31 School Climate action Plans
Page 10 USING POPULAR MEDIA
Page 32 Links to Statutory obiligations
Page 14 IPCC: TRUTH OR MYTH?

33

Contact

Kit Marie Rackley

Geogramblings.comContact form

Improving Climate Literacy in the Geography Classroom © 2023-2025 by Kit Marie Rackley is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

34

Supporting this work

Donating funds

So far, creating this interactive framework has taken 82 hours of (renewably-driven and caffine-laden) solo effort. That includes research, evaluation, promotion and finance. As a freelancer I cannot sustain this kind of work without your help. Here's how you can.

Your generous donation via Ko-fi will support all my Geogramblings educational work, including this project.

Referencing and acknowledgement

Improving Climate Literacy in the Geography Classroom © 2023-2025 by Kit Marie Rackley is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Click here for details about what this means

Harvard citation when referencing this work:

Rackley, K.M., 2025. Improving Climate Literacy in the Geography Classroom. Geogramblings.com. Available at: https://bit.ly/Geog-ClimateLit

35

Index

  • Copernicus C3S
  • Decarbonisation
  • Department for Education (DfE)
  • Dis / Misinformation
  • Environment Agency
  • Extreme weather
  • Geographical Assoication
  • Geog skills
  • Good Estate Management
  • Ground News
  • Indigenous Peoples
  • IPCC
  • John Cook
  • ADAPTATION
  • Anthropogenic climate change
  • Attribution science
  • Berkeley Earth
  • British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
  • Carbon budget
  • Carbon Brief
  • Careers / Green careers
  • Climate Action Plan (CAP)
  • Climate anxiety / Eco‑anxiety
  • Climate Change Committee (UK)
  • Climate education
  • Climate Justice
  • Climate Stripes

16

23

29

15

19

31

32

18

20

10

15

22

23

26

15

29

31

32

17

A-J

15

23

31

32

K-Z

10

21

25

20

20

Teaching & Learning Resources

27

32

26

15

23

22

23

13

25

24

31

32

19

25

26

27

29

30

31

32

22

32

10

15

23

29

28

20

19

24

29

31

32

12

25

14

23

24

26

28

15

18

19

15

18

25

36

Index

  • Key messages for learning
  • Key terminology
  • Let’s Go Zero
  • Met Office
  • Mitigation
  • NASA
  • National Education Nature Park
  • Nature‑based solutions
  • Net zero
  • NOAA
  • Oxfam
  • Public Scientfic Orgs
  • Renewables
  • ROyal Geographical Society
  • Royal Meteorological Society
  • School roles
  • Student Agency & Leadership
  • Sustainable Development Goals
  • Sustainability Lead
  • Tipping points
  • Tyndall Centre / UEA
  • UNEP & WMO
  • Wikipedia

22

18

27

30

A-J

30

23

31

24

29

K-Z

31

32

29

20

27

Teaching & Learning Resources

17

18

30

31

32

31

23

29

28

20

18

24

31

32

31

32

16

28

24

23

31

32

23

21

30

31

17

13

20

20

10

20

36

  • GIS / Graphical Skills
  • ICT (Spreadsheet work)
  • IPCC visualisations
  • Living Graph
  • Media literacy tools
  • My2050 pathways (Gamification, RGS)
  • Statutory policy links
  • Teaching approaches overview
  • Terminology
  • Youth Leadership
  • Adaptation activities
  • Assessment strategies
  • Case Studies
  • Citizen Science
  • Climate Justice activities
  • Critical Thinking
  • Data Analysis
  • Data Presentation
  • Diamond‑9 ranking
  • Enquiry

Index

29

27

25

26

27

28

29

A-J

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K-Z

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Page 5 NOAA Essential Principles
  • NOAA Climate.gov. (2024) Essential Principles for Understanding and Addressing Climate Change.

Accessible (archived) via

Internet Archive

  • Climate Literacy: Essential Principles for Understanding and Addressing Climate Change (3rd Editon, Sept 2024) U.S. Global Change Research Program.

Accessible (archived) via

Geogramblings.com

  • IPCC Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5 ºC (2018) . Strengthening and implementing the global response.

Accessible via

https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-4/

Page 6 ATTIRBUTION
  • Moran, Schmidt and Marvel, 2015. How Global Warming Stacks Up. NASA Scientific Visualization Studio.

Accessible (archived) via

Internet Archive

  • Figure SPM.2 in IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Accessible via

IPCC Website

  • McSweeney, R. and Tandon, A, 2024. Mapped: How climate change affects extreme weather around the world. Carbon Brief.

Accessible via

Carbon Brief

Page 30 Mitigation Strategies

KIT MARIE

(they/she)

Work in progress

Explore Carbon Brief's Extreme Weather Attribution Map

Studies of almost 750 extreme weather events and trends show clear impacts from climate change.

Extreme weather attribution, also known as 'attribution science' is a field of study looking into how climate change affects extreme weather events.

This map, created by journalists at Carbon Brief, allows for exploration of almost 750 studies. Red bubbles represent studies that show climate change has made an extreme weather event more severe or likely.

TEACHING & LEARNING RESOURCE AVAILABLEStudents analyse spreadsheet data downloaded from Carbon Brief's map to discover how climate change is changing extreme weather events.

Page 14 IPCC: Truth oR Myth?
  • IPCC (n.d.) About the IPCC. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/about/ (Accessed: August 2025).
  • Bon Pote (2022) Climate: can we really trust the IPCC?. Available at: https://bonpote.com/en/climate-can-we-really-trust-the-ipcc/ (Accessed: August 2025).
Page 32 Links to Statutory Obligations

KIT MARIE

(they/she)

Work in progress

Page 8 Combating Misinformation (Further Reading)
  • Cook, J. 2020. Cranky Uncle vs. Climate Change: How to Understand and Respond to Climate Science Deniers. Citadel. ISBN: 978-0806540276.
  • Coffee & Geography. 2023. Episode 3x20 John Cook (Australia) Cognitive bias, cartoons, cli-fi and more. [Podcast]. Geogramblings.

Accessible via

Soundcloud

  • Website: Skeptical Science

Accessible via

https://skepticalscience.com/

Show Your Stripes

Image Links:

Minimum time required: 25 minutes

Climate Stripes Tesla

Lighthouse painting

Resources needed

Stripes sweaterr

  • Images showing Climate Stripes ‘Art’ (right)
  • Show Your Stripes https://showyourstripes.info
  • Internet-enabled devices for each student (optional)

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Use this side to give more information about a topic.

Climate vase

Stripes as tree rings

This session makes use of the famous climate stipes, which students may already be familiar with. But to maintain an element of mystery for some, don’t reveal what they are until indicated.

Pose some questions for them to investigate, such as… a. When were the 5 coldest years, and when were the 5 warmest? b. How much cooler/warmer were each compared to the average? c. Find somewhere else on Earth which hasn’t warmed as much d. Find somewhere else which has warmed more.

Extension Tasks & Further Reading

If the students could create their own creative piece of work using the climate stripes, what might they do? Can they search for some examples?

Students visit the Show Your Stripes website. If they don’t have access to the internet themselves, you could print various locations for them to work on in pairs or groups. Give them a little time to explore both choosing different locations and displaying the data as a bar graph and as stripes. Then they can find the stripes that best represent their region.

2b

Ex

2a

Show the different images depicting creative ways of showing the climate stripes. Discuss what makes these appealing and whether they are conveying a message (e.g. what do we usually associate blues and reds with?) Reveal they are a way of representing climate change. Why do they think showing this in creative ways is a good idea?

• Making the Climate Stripes in Excel:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgecFl6wZ80

• A timeline of Earth’s Average Temperature

https://xkcd.com/1732/

Ex

2a

2b

• CoffeeGeogPod: Show Your Stripes Day 2025

Listen, watch, read

Page 7 AUTHORITATIVE SOURCES (FURTHER READING)
  • Siani and Hipkiss, 2022. Our students learn science in school, but are we teaching them how to identify scientific misinformation? [Blog Post] University of Portsmouth.

Accessible via

University of Portsmouth

  • Gerges, 2025. Science education in the age of misinformation. [Opinion]. Front. Educ. 10:1615769.

https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1615769

  • The School Me Podcast, 2025. Teaching Kids the Science of Perception, Misinformation, and Disinformation. [Podcast].

Accessible via

National Educational Association

  • Teaching Controversial Issues: A guide for teachers. 2018. Oxfam.

Accessible via

Oxfam

It is almost ironic that this graphic is shaped like a margerita glass. Ultra High Net-Worth Individuals (UHNWIs) lavish lifestyles have a significantly disproportionate impact on global carbon emissions compared to the general population. See also:

Emissions Inequality Dashboard

Visualisation from Medium

Our World In Data

Page 29 Researching community Resilience (FURTHER READING)
  • Bustin, R., Lambert, D. and Tani, S. (2020) ‘The development of GeoCapabilities: reflections, and the spread of an idea’, International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 29(3), pp. 201–205. doi: 10.1080/10382046.2020.1749773.
  • Education Commission. (2022) Education for climate action: How education systems and institutions can accelerate climate action and enhance resilience. The Education Commission. Available at: https://educationcommission.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Education-for-Climate-Action.pdf
  • Greer, K. and Glackin, M. (2021) 'What counts' as climate change education? Perspectives from policy influencers. Available at: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10165333/
Page 31 School Climate Action Plans

KIT MARIE

(they/she)

Work in progress

A launch-pad for info

✅ Use for:

  • Initial topic exploration
  • Finding cited sources (click references!)
  • Understanding complex terminology
🚫 Avoid:
  • Treating as primary source
  • Pages with "citation needed" tags
  • Unreviewed/controversial edit histories

Example: "Climate justice" Wikipedia → After claim/sentence, check for a numbered reference. Click on that number → Check the source is authoritative (e.g. IPCC, academic papers etc...)

SELF-LED CPD RESOURCE AVAILABLE (Source: PBS)"Be MediaWise lesson: How to make sure Wikipedia sources are legit"

There is no longer any doubt, scientifically, that humans are warming the atmosphere, ocean and land. Substantial research and modelling on well-known atmospheric processes clearly shows that it is anthropogenic (human) forcing that is driving modern-day climate change, at the rate that we are experiencing it. Simply, natural forcings such as solar activity and orbital patterns cannot explain the changes today. Check out this NASA video for more.

Page 23 Key Terminology
  • Schreiber, M. (2021) 'Addressing climate change concerns in practice', Monitor on Psychology, 52(2). Available at: https://www.apa.org/monitor/2021/03/ce-climate-change (Accessed: 20 August 2025).
Further Reading
  • BBC News (2014) Climate change glossary Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11833685 (Accessed: 20 August 2025.
  • IPCC (2018) Global Warming of 1.5°C: Glossary. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/glossary/ (Accessed: 20 August 2025).

Climate Adam: The intergovernmental panel on climate change releases the definitive reports on global warming, with the next major report coming out in 2021 and 2022. But how do these reports actually work, and how far can you trust them? (9:30)

Who Is To BlaMe? Climate justice: vulnERability vs emissions

These resources helps to highlight climate justice issues using carbon emission and vulnerability data for a selection of countries on ‘Top Trump’ cards. Students compare countries’ historical carbon emissions and their vulnerability to climate change, revealing that nations with lower emissions often face greater climate impacts. This activity emphasises the need for equitable climate policies and international support for vulnerable countries, underscoring the importance of addressing climate justice by helping those who have contributed least to the problem but suffer the most.

Access all resources

QUICK TEACHING & LEARNING ACTIVITY

Social Media Verification Toolkit

Spot misinformation with S.T.A.M.P.:

Test

Action

Tools

Source

Check account history & affiliations

Learn how to verify accounts / check for bots

Time

Verify event dates match reporting

Web search, official statements

Arguments

Cranky Uncle

Identify emotional manipulation

Misleading?

Detect cropped/changed visuals

Reverse image search (

e.g. TinEye)

; Forensically

Primary

Google Scholar

; Connected Papers

Trace to orginal source

Other resources

News & Magazine Evaluation

Trust signals to check for:
  • Named sources: "According to NOAA's 2023 report..."
  • Expert credentials: "Dr. Valérie Masson-Delmotte (IPCC co-chair) stated..."
  • Data transparency: Links to original datasets/studies
  • Use Ground News to check bias coverage

⚠️ Red flags:

  • Vague attribution ("experts say")
  • Dramatic imagery or emotive headline without context
  • Lack of publication date
  • 'False balance' - when a news report presents opposing viewpoints as equally valid despite overwhelming scientific consensus favoring one side (e.g., climate change debates).

This role should not be siloed into Geography and have the full support of SLT. Here is some advice:

Sustainability Lead

There are four pillars that should be covered by a CAP

Climate Action Plan (CAP)

Adptation & Resilience

Assess climate risks (e.g., flooding, heat, anxiety) and adapt infrastructure/ policies to protect the school community from impacts.

Biodiversity

Enhance and protect on-site nature (habitats, green space) to support ecosystem health and carbon capture.

If you are the Lead / Interested in the role

If you're not the Lead / Interested in the role

  • Provide knowledge, support, signposting etc
  • Demonstrate how curricula can synergise with the CAP
  • Lead the school re: National Education Nature Park
  • Mentor ECTs, trainee teachers etc
  • Delegate tasks, e.g. signing up for National Education Nature Park
  • Establish a team of decision makers
  • Contact ‘Lets Go Zero’ and regional Climate Ambassador Hub
  • Request time to lead CPD / training for colleagues

Decarbonisation

Measure and reduce energy, transport, procurement and waste emissions across school operations to achieve Net Zero.

Climate Education & Green Careers

Embed sustainability and climate knowledge across learning and equip students with green skills for future careers supporting Net Zero.

Page 15-19 Findings from IPCC AR6
  • IPCC (2023) Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. Geneva: IPCC. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/ (Accessed: 20 August 2025).
Page 10 Using Popular Media (Further Reading)
  • PBS NewsHour Classroom (2023) Lesson plan: The good, the bad and the ugly facts about Wikipedia. Available at: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/classroom/lesson-plans/2023/02/lesson-plan-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-facts-about-wikipedia (Accessed: 17 August 2025).
  • SWGfL (2024) Misinformation on social media: guidance, impact and support. Available at: https://swgfl.org.uk/topics/social-media/misinformation-on-social-media-guidance-impact-and-support/ (Accessed: 17 August 2025).
Page 28 Indigenous and First-hand Accounts (FUrTHER READING)
  • Climate Atlas of Canada (n.d.) Indigenous Knowledges and Climate Change. Available at: https://climateatlas.ca/indigenous-knowledges-and-climate-change (Accessed: 17 October 2025).
  • Hamouchene (2025) Ecocide, Imperialism and Palestine Liberation. Available at: https://www.tni.org/en/article/ecocide-imperialism-and-palestine-liberation (Accessed: 25 September 2025).
  • Kelman, I. (2020) Disaster by Choice: How our actions turn natural hazards into catastrophes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198841340.
  • Rackley, KM. (2022) 'Fostering empathy in the teaching of natural hazards', Teaching Geography, 47(2), pp. 67-70. Available at: https://portal.geography.org.uk/downloads/journals/TG_SUM_2022_RACKLEY.pdf (Accessed: 17 October 2025).

Key opportunities for Geography specialists

Your Expertise is Central: You are key to delivering the strategy’s core goals: enhanced climate science, sustainability understanding & geographical skills within the curriculum.

Lead Practical Action: Drive school-wide initiatives like:

  • National Education Nature Park (biodiversity mapping/action – ideal Geography fieldwork & data project).
  • Climate Leaders Award (pupil projects – apply local place-based knowledge).

Become the Sustainability Champion: Your skills position you to lead or heavily support the mandatory whole-school Sustainability Lead role and Net Zero/biodiversity targets.

Shape Green Futures: Equip students with the geographical knowledge and skills vital for future green careers and community resilience.

Those who have contributed least to climate change, are the most vulnerable...

EXAMPLES

IN THE NEWS

Map: Global impacts of climate change - projections (Met Office)

Page 9 Climate Justice & Systemic Issues
  • IPCC, 2023: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 184 pp.
  • Khalfan et al. 2023. Climate Equality: A Planet for the 99. Oxfam. DOI: 10.21201/2023.000001.

Accessible via

Oxfam

  • Horton, Harvey and Goodier, 2025. Low-income and minority ethnic people in England most at risk from dangerously hot homes. [News Article] The Guardian.

Accessible via

The Guardian

  • Thériault, 2024. Billionaires emit more carbon pollution in 90 minutes than the average person does in a lifetime. [News Article] Oxfam.

Accessible via

Oxfam

  • Qadri, 2025. This Indian rapper is spitting bars about climate justice, caste, and Indigenous rights. [News Article] Grist.

Accessible via

Grist