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Dentist Student
Created on October 20, 2023
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Factors Relation To The Production Of Radiology
index
ideal radiographic projection
basic principleof projectiong geometry for radiograghy
factors relating to the production of radiograph
sfactors relating to the radiation beam
factors rlating to the objaect
index
factors rlating to the x_ray film
artifacts that may accrued with a radiograph
01
Ideal radiograghic projection
ideal radiograghy
Is one which has desired density and overall blackness and show the part completely without distortion with maximum details and has right amount of contrast to make the details fully apparent
image quality
Describe the subjective judgment by the clinician of the appearance radiograph
Image quality depend on
density
contrast
Overall amount or degree of darkening on radiograph
The difference in density or the degree of grayness between areas of the radiographic
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image quality
sharpness
Is a measure of how well the details {boundaries /edges } of an object are reproduced on a radiograph
Rsolution
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The ability to distinguish between different stracture that are close together .Resolution is expressed in terms of line pairs per millimeters {LP/MM}
EXAMPLE
Slow films with small crystal sizes product higher resolution images than fast films with larger crystals sizes
Fctors affecting magnification
Image size distortion {magnification} is the increase in the size of image on the radiograph compared with the actual size of the object
Source _Film or source _object distance
Object _Film distance
Radiographic image that is sharp
ideal radiograph demonstrates certain image qualities include
Radiographic image that is shaped like the object
Radiographic image that is the same size as the object
what is basic principles of projection geometry for radiograpgy ?
1_source of radiation should be as small as possible
2_tube _object distance shouldbe as great as possible
3_OBJECT_FILM DISTANCE SHOULD BE AS SMALL AS POSSIBLE
4_film should be parallel to object
5_Centaral ray of the beam should be perpendicular to the film and tooth
02
factors rlated to the radiation beam
1. Exposure time is directly rlated to the total photon production
2. Miliamperage
3. Akillovoltage
3. Tub_Film distance
The distance proportion inversely with the intensity of radiation
5. Focal spot size
Type of Collimators
6.Collimation
*F0g
7. Filtratuon
03
factors relating to the object
The object is basically an absorbing X_ray medium So 2 points important about the subject during exposure to X_ray
density of the object
Thickness of the object
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thickness of the object
Thickness object required more radiation to make a radiographic image so often advisable to increase KV /mA/Exposure time in order to increase the amount of X_ray photon
1_obese person /amount of soft tissue is more so we increase exposure time
2_Edentulous /there is no sufficient tissue so exposure time decrease
3_small patient /has narrow facial bone stracture so exposure time derease
density of the object
In dental radiology enamel of the tooth has highest of all body tissue Increase the density of the object increase its ability to absorb X_radiation So hard tissue like enamel absorbe great amount of radiation when compared with pulp because of object density
Factors relating to the X_ray film
film processing
Film and film storage
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film and film storage
X_ray film must stored in lead _lined box to keep the films away from the stray radiation Also stored place away from excessive temperature or humidity and we should used it before the expiration
film processing
The latent image is formed when silver halide grains are exposed to X_ray Then only the exposed grain will form the visible image While the unexposed grains removed from emulsion by fixing and make a permanent image
04
artifacts that may accrued with a radiograghs
1_ Cone cut
2_back side exposure
3_double exposure
5_Shortened image :vertical angulation was to steep
4_Elongated image :vertical angulation of x_ray tube was to shallow
6_Over lapping of adjacent structure
when horizontal angulation was incorrect
7_pale X_ray film
8_Dark X_ray film
9_completely clear film when put the film in fixer before developer Or when the film did not receive radiation