PREPARE framework for instructors

< THE PREPARE FRAMEWORK

How to prompt Gen AI

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'AI language models are not great at understanding human nuances, so it's vital to provide clear and concise command'

- fitzpatrick et al., 2023

<Goals>

Utilize the PREPARE framework to properly prompt a Gen AI tool

Develop media literacy skills in Gen AI prompting

Learn to create high-quality requests that guide Gen AI tools to generate desired responses.

what is the prepARE framework?

"Prepare" is a framework for writing requests for gen ai

The PREPARE framework was developed by Daniel Fitzpatrick to help individuals guide Gen AI to generate effective responses. In his 2023 book, Fitzpatrick created the PREP framework to help people learn to prompt Gen AI tools such as ChatGPT successfully. Recently he has updated this framework after additional research to help transform Gen AI interactions. High-quality prompting guides Gen AI tools to generate the output users desire.

Check out Dan's Website

(Fitzpatrick et al., 2023; Fitzpatrick 2024)

p: proMPT

Lay out your command with precision - set the scene.

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// prompt

For the Gen AI language model to understand your request, it is important to be clear and concise by introducing your prompt. This is step one of your request & will provide the context for the rest of your instructions!

Examples

(Fitzpatrick et al., 2023; Fitzpatrick 2024)

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///Sample Prompts

It is important to avoid using ambiguous and vague terms that could confuse a Gen AI tool such as ChatGPT or Copilot. The key is to be specific. Examples:

• Help me refine this research question for a graduate-level thesis in education: ‘How does technology affect student engagement?
• Create three measurable learning outcomes for a first-year sociology seminar.
• Suggest a sequence of learning activities to help undergraduates build skills in academic argumentation.

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R: Role

When you assign Gen AI a role, you give it a clear idea of what you want it to do!

Let's do it >

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// role

Give Gen AI a role! Roles help Gen AI to know how to approach your request and provide relevant responses. Without assigning roles, the Gen AI model may not completely comprehend the context of your requests, which can lead to generic responses that do not address your requests entirely.

Examples of roles

(Fitzpatrick et al., 2023; Fitzpatrick 2024)

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///Sample Roles

Examples:

• You are a graduate-level research assistant.
• You are an expert at creating learning outcomes for [insert department/college/subject]
• You are a faculty member at a university that teaches [course] for undergraduate/graduate students.

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E: explicit instructions

Don't assume Gen AI knows what you're thinking- it's not human after all...

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// Explicit Instructions

By providing Gen AI with explicit instructions you ensure that it understands what you want it to do. This helps the Gen AI model provide you with the information you need as quickly as possible.

// Be as detailed as you wish!

The more thought & detail you put into your requests = the more tailored response you receive.

Examples

(Fitzpatrick et al., 2023; Fitzpatrick 2024)

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///Explicit Instructions Samples

Think: What do I want the output to contain/look like? Examples:

• Make complex ideas easy to understand.
• Write five questions to help me develop a deeper understanding of the topic.
• Provide 10 multiple-choice questions, 5 short-answer questions, and 1 essay question.
• Create a rubric for this assignment [insert below] that aligns with the following learning outcomes [insert learning outcomes]

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P: PARAMETERS

Define the scope & boundaries of Gen AI tool's answer - Shape the response.

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// parameters

To be in control of the response you must provide precise parameters. Consider things such as tone, length of words or sentences, language, number of paragraphs, sentiment, format, and reading age.

Examples

(Fitzpatrick et al., 2023; Fitzpatrick 2024)

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///SAMPLE PARAMETERS

Examples:

• Write this is British English.
• Write this in a formal and caring tone.
• Keep your feedback to 100 words or less.
• Format this with headings, subheadings, and bullet points.

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A: ASK

Flip the Script

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// ASK

Ask the Gen AI tool to ask you questions that will help it provide you a more thorough and quality response. Instruct it to do this in bullet points, so it is easier for you to read.

Example

(Fitzpatrick et al., 2023; Fitzpatrick 2024)

R: rATE

Demand Self Evaluation

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// RATE

Ask it to rate the quality of the response it has given you and to give evidence for this rating. This will help you understand its thought process, so you can ask it to improve or adjust your prompt to get better results.

Example

(Fitzpatrick et al., 2023; Fitzpatrick 2024)

E: Emotions

Gen AI responds to emotional context

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// Emotions

Appeal to its emotional side. Emphasize the importance of getting this right. Examples

• It is really important that you do this correctly in order for my students to be engaged in this assignment so they are ultimately successful.
• This task is vital to my career and will help my students develop their understanding.

Example

(Fitzpatrick et al., 2023; Fitzpatrick 2024)

Example prompt

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Adapated from the AI Educator (2024)

P: Create a rubric for this student task: Create a presentation on the 2008 Sichuan earthquake that you will deliver to the class. R: Act as a knowledgeable Geography Professor, who is an expert at pedagogy and specializes in earthquakes. E: The task is for a undergraduate Geography class. The rubric should focus on demonstrating knowledge through BLOOMS taxonomy and include separate levels for the quality of presentation. Include examples of content in the rubric. P:The rubric should be presented in a table and also be provided in a csv format to upload into a Canvas LMS system. A: After you have provided me with a draft rubric, ask me some follow up questions, in bullet points so that you can provide a more thorough and quality response. R: Provide a rating between one and ten for the quality of your rubric. Additionally, present the criteria you have used in a table to help me understand your thought process. E: This task is vital to my career and will help my students develop their understanding.

Click the link icon to see ChatGPT's response to this prompt!

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<Resources>

Fitzpatrick, D., Fox, A., & Weinstein, B. (2023). The AI Classroom.

Fitzpatrick, D.,(2024). Pull These 8 ChatGPT Levers: The Sunday AI Educator.

// Examples

• You are a college-level tutor and are renowned for your impartiality and fair grading.
• You are George Washington. Answer all questions using the knowledge Washington had and in his style.

Example

• Provide a rating between one and ten for the quality of your rubric. Additionally, present the criteria you have used in a table to help me understand your thought process.

Examples

Think: What do I want the output to contain/look like?

• Give precise reasons why you have given your grade. (Link to the rubric)
• Respond in a table with 3 columns. The three columns should be titled ________.
• Provide 10 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 1 essay question.
• For instructors:
• Use your existing expertise to instruct it on:
• The pedagogical approach you want
• The subject knowledge you want it to focus on
• The students you teach (without submitting personal information)

Be precise & set parameters

• Write this is British English.
• Write this in a formal and caring tone.
• Keep your feedback to 100 words or less.
• Format this with headings, subheadings, and bullet points.

// AN AWESOMETITLE HERE

Visual communication is a key tool. We find it easier to 'read' images than to read written text. That is why disciplines like Visual Thinking facilitate the creation of visually rich notes thanks to the use of images, graphics, infographics, and simple drawings.

Flip the script with this question (or edit/provide your own!)

• After you have provided me with a draft rubric, ask me some follow up questions, in bullet points so that you can provide a more thorough and quality response.

Sample prompts

Make sure to be specific!

It is importrant to avoid using ambiguous and vague terms that could confuse ChatGPT.

• Create a practice quiz about the Civil War.
• Create an essay prompt for a Comp 1 undergraduate course.
• Grade this answer & give reasons for your feedback.
• Create a rubric for this student task: ____________________________

Example

• This task is vital to my career and will help my students develop their understanding.

// AN AWESOMETITLE HERE

Visual communication is a key tool. We find it easier to 'read' images than to read written text. That is why disciplines like Visual Thinking facilitate the creation of visually rich notes thanks to the use of images, graphics, infographics, and simple drawings.

// AN AWESOMETITLE HERE

Visual communication is a key tool. We find it easier to 'read' images than to read written text. That is why disciplines like Visual Thinking facilitate the creation of visually rich notes thanks to the use of images, graphics, infographics, and simple drawings.

// AN AWESOMETITLE HERE

Visual communication is a key tool. We find it easier to 'read' images than to read written text. That is why disciplines like Visual Thinking facilitate the creation of visually rich notes thanks to the use of images, graphics, infographics, and simple drawings.