Estructuras Celulares

Biología

Biología Celular

Brain School

Estructura y Función Celular

Módulo 2: La Célula Sección 1-1: ¿Qué es la Célula? Tema: Estructura de la célula

La biología comprende todas las disciplinas dedicadas al estudio de los organismos vivos. Dichas disciplinas se denominan, también, ciencias de la vida. Una de esas ciencias de la vida que más han contribuido al estudio de los seres vivos es la que estudia a la célula. Tradicionalmente se le ha dado el nombre de citología pero actualmente se le conoce como biología celular. La célula es la unidad fundamental de todo ser vivo, es la unidad más pequeña que es capaz de realizar funciones vitales. . Etimologicamente célula significa celda o cuarto muy pequeño. ¿Quién la descubrió? ROBERT HOOKE cuando observaba un corte de corcho en un microscopio de la época. Dio el nombre de CÉLULA a las estructuras regulares en forma de cajitas que aparecían en el microscopio.

Un poco de historia:

Antes de la invención del primer microscopio, todo lo que no podía verse a simple vista era inexplicable. En 1665, el físico inglés Robert Hooke utilizó los primeros microscopios ópticos para observar finas láminas de tejidos vegetales. Uno de ellos, un trozo de corcho, le llamó especialmente la atención. Bajo el microscopio, el corcho parecía estar formado por miles de diminutas cámaras. Hooke llamó a estas cámaras "celdas" porque le recordaban las diminutas habitaciones de un monasterio, que también se conocían como celdas. Hasta 1676, Anton van Leeuwenhoek publicó sus observaciones sobre pequeños organismos vivos. Se creía que Leeuwenhoek fue el primero en observar bajo su microscopio la estructura de un glóbulo rojo de diferentes animales así como un espermatozoide.

Un poco de historia:

Uno de los principales botánicos de su época, Robert Brown, en 1831 pudo comparar diversos tipos de especímenes de plantas bajo el microscopio. Indicó claramente que hay algo en común entre ellos: todos están compuestos de células, y dentro de la célula hay un punto oscuro y denso al que denominó núcleo. Unos años más tarde, el botánico alemán Matthias Schleiden (1838) concluyó que todas las partes de las plantas están formadas por células. Theodor Schwann (1839), también botánico y amigo cercano de Schleiden, afirmó que todos los tejidos animales también están compuestos por células. En 1858, Rudolf Virchow concluyó que todas las células provienen de células preexistentes.

Los descubrimientos realizados por Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow y otros llevaron a la formulación de la teoría celular. La teoría celular describe las propiedades de todas las células. Esta teoría se puede resumir en tres componentes básicos:

TEORIA CELULAR

• Todos los organismos están constituidos por una o más células.

• Es la unidad fundamental y básica de todo ser vivo.

• Las células solo provienen de células pre-existentes o

célula madre a través de la división celular.

Ejemplos de Células

Amoeba Proteus

Tallo de Planta

Bacteria

Células Rojas

Célula Nerviosa

Tipos de Células

Existen dos tipos de células básicas: procariotas y eucariotas. La diferencia principal entre ellas es que la célula eucariota tiene un núcleo donde está su material genético. Mientras que el material genético de las células procariotas está libre en el citoplasma. En todas las células vivas, el material genético es el ADN (ácido desoxirribonucleico).

Procariótica

• No tienen estructuras rodeadas de membranas.
• Pocas estructuras internas
• Organismos unicelulares, Bacterias

Células Animales Y Vegetales

¿Cómo se ven?

Eucariota

• Contiene organelos rodeados de membranas.

Plantas

Animales

Célula Animal

Membrana Plasmática

Retículo Endoplásmico

Núcleo

Aparato de Golgi

Mitocondria

Ribosomas

Lisosoma

Célula Vegetal

Vacúola

Lisosomas

Ribosomas

Pared Celular

Cell Parts

Tabla

Funciones de las Partes de la Célula

Funciones de las Partes de la Célula

Lisosoma

• Digiere proteínas, grasas y carbohidratos
• Transporta material no digerido a la membrana celular para su eliminación.
• La célula se rompe si el lisosoma explota

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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The Function of Organelles

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Animal and Plant Cells

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ATP

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Table of Contents

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Is Jupiter's rotation period

333,000.000

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Organelles Found in the Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Lysosomes

It’s the biggest planet of them all

Despite being red, Mars is a cold place

Vacuoles

Peroxisomes

It’s a gas giant and has several rings

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Cell Functions

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Animal and Plant Cells

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Earth is the third planet from the Sun

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Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

Cellular Process

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Plant Cell

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Venus is the second planet from the Sun

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Particular Characteristics of Cells

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Animals Cells

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Parts of the Animal Cell

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Mitochondria

Despite being red, it’s actually a cold place

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Cytoplasm

Membrane

Venus is the second planet from the Sun

Earth is the planet where we live on

Parts of the Plant Cell

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Cell Wall

Despite being red, is actually a cold place

It’s the closest planet to the Sun

Mitochondria

Membrane

Venus is the second planet from the Sun

Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Saturn is a gas giant and has rings

Earth is the planet where we live on

Neptune is very far away from Earth

Functions of the Cell Parts

Cytoplasmic Organelles

55%

75%

35%

Golgi

Liposomes

Mitochondria

Despite being red, Mars is a cold place

It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest

Venus is the second planet from the Sun

Main Cells Studies

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Venus

Jupiter

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Venus is the second planet from the Sun

It’s the biggest planet of them all

Saturn

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Neptune

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It’s the closest planet to the Sun

Saturn is a gas giant and has rings

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Neptune

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Venus

Mars

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Percentages

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Mars

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80%

Venus

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