APUSH: Period 5 Timeline

1820 - 1865

Causes of the

APUSH

Civil War

Period 5: Jai K. - 4A

Intro

Civil War

What was it?

The Civil War was a major conflict in the United States that took place from 1861 to 1865. It was fought between the Northern states (Union) and the Southern states (Confederacy) over issues including slavery, states' rights, and the preservation of the Union. The war resulted in the abolition of slavery and a significant shift in the balance of power within the United States.

index

13. Buchanan's Presidency

1. Intro to Civil war

14. John Brown's raid

2. Missouri compromise

index

15. Abraham lincoln's election

3. Webster-Ashburton treaty

16. Formation of confederate states

4. Mexican-American War

17. Fort Sumter

5. COmpromise of 1850

18. Confiscation Acts

6. Fugitive Slave act

19. Homestead act

7. Uncle Tom's Cabin

20. American civil war

8. gadsden purchase

21. Emancipation Proclamation

9. Ostend manifesto

22. 13th Amendment

10. Kansas-nebraska act

23. Underground Railroad

11. Bleeding Kansas

24. Texas revolution

12. Dred Scott decision

1820

Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise, a significant event in american history, was a legislative effort made in 1820 to maintain the balance between free and slave states in the United States. The compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, while drawing a boundary line across the country, prohibiting slavery in the northern territories beyond the 36-30 parallel.. This compromise played a crucial role in preserving the uneasy equilibrium between the north and the south regarding the issue of slavery for several years.

1842

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 settled a long-standing border dispute between the United States and British North American colonies over the Maine-Canada boundary. It redefined the border, fixing it along the current 49th parallel while dividing the Great Lakes and its connecting waters between the two nations. The treaty also made no mention of the controversial issue of slavery, though it did call for the flight of fugitive slaves to be returned to their masters.

1836-1845

Texas Revolution

The Texas Revolution of 1835 to 1836 was a dramatic conflict between the Mexican government and the settlers of the then-Mexican province of Texas. It was sparked by a dispute over thesticks in 1835. The Texas settlers declared independence and formed the Republic of Texas in 1836 and were soon aided by volunteers from the United States. After several years of fighting, which included the siege of the Alamo, a treaty was signed in 1836 that recognized an independent Republic of Texas. The Republic later become a US state in 1845 following its annexation.

1846-1848

Mexican-American War

The Mexican American War was an armed conflict fought from 1846 to 1848 between the United States and Mexico. The war resulted in Mexican cession of lands, including Alta California, as well as parts of the present-day U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado. Ultimately, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war, ratified in 1848 and established U.S. sovereignty over much of the Southwest.

1850

Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a series of five laws passed by the U.S. Congress as a tactical solution to prevent a civil war. The laws addressed the issue of slavery in the newly acquired territories of California, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah by prohibiting slavery in the territories but also protecting slavery in existing states. The Compromise was an incredibly important part of the history of the United States and served to delay the onset of the American Civil War until 1861.

1850

Fugitive Slave Act

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was a law passed in the United States as part of the Compromise of 1850 which allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves. It imposed criminal penalties on persons who aided runaway slaves and allowed for the court-ordered return of escaped slaves regardless of the state they were in. It was a controversial law that was highly opposed by abolitionists and was finally repealed by Congress in the spring of 1864.

1852

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Uncle Tom's Cabin is a classic novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It is a foundational work of anti-slavery literature that was published in 1852 and widely acclaimed for its emotional power and moral clarity. The novel follows the tragedy of Uncle Tom, a slave who struggles to protect himself and his loved ones in a cruel, immoral system.

1853

Gadsden Purchase

The Gadsden Purchase was an agreement made between the United States and Mexico in 1853. It increased the size of the United States Territory by 30,000 square miles and gave the United States exclusive rights to build a railroad across the purchased land. The purchase cost the United States $10 million and was named after James Gadsden, who negotiated the treaty.

1854

Ostend Manifesto

The Ostend Manifesto was a document signed in 1854 suggesting that the U.S. should purchase Cuba from Spain. It proposed that the purchase should be made with the mutual consent of all parties, and it threatened the use of force if Spain refused to agree to the sale. The Manifesto was never acted upon and was instead widely criticized, leading to its eventual abandonment.

1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was a law passed by Congress that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed them to decide their own slave or free status, thus overturning the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The Act was crucial in heightening the conflict between the North and South preceding the American Civil War. The Act allowed for the expansion of slavery and inflamed public opinion in both regions due to tensions over slavery, eventually leading to the conflict.

1854-1856

Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas was a series of violent acts between proslavery elements from Missouri and antislavery settlers in the Kansas Territory during the 1850s, leading up to the Civil War. These involvements resulted in the deaths of more than 50 people and the destruction of many buildings. It has also been described as the prelude to the American Civil War, as the hostilities created in the Kansas-Missouri border area by this 'civil war within a civil war' contributed to the larger conflict of 1861.

1857

Dred Scott Decision

The Dred Scott decision was a landmark Supreme Court ruling that declared Black people could not be United States citizens and had no standing in the courts. The decision denied Dred Scott, a Black man, the freedom that he had received when his owner had taken him to a free state. This ruling not only boosted inequality between Black and White Americans, but it also helped to ignite the Civil War.

1857-1861

Buchanan's Presidency

James Buchanan, the 15th President of the United States, served from 1857 to 1861. His presidency saw the start of the American Civil War, stemming from increased tensions between the Northern and Southern states over slavery. Buchanan responded to the crisis with a compromise, which ultimately failed, leading to Southern secession and the start of the Civil War.

1859

John Brown's Raid

John Brown's Raid was an attempt by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859. Armed with a small group of supporters, Brown attempted to capture the United States Armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). The raid failed, resulting in the deaths of several people, including Brown himself, and the eventual imprisonment of many of his supporters.

1860

Election of Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was elected 16th president of the United States in November 1860. His election, largely based on his antislavery views, was a major turning point in US history and kicked off the American Civil War. His victory in the 1860 election marked the first time a Republican was elected to the White House, effectively ending the domination of the Democratic Party.

1861

Formation of the Confederate States

The Confederate States of America was formed in 1861 by eleven southern states of the United States in opposition to federal policies. The Confederate States declared their secession from the United States and adopted a new constitution. This government was formed voluntarily, without any support from outside forces.

1861

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter is a sea fort located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. It is best known as the site of the bombardment by Confederate forces on April 12, 1861, launching the American Civil War. The fort was finally evacuated by Major Robert Anderson and the small garrison of Union soldiers on April 14, 1861.

18 61 - 1862

Confiscation Acts

The Confiscation Act of 1862 was a legislative act enacted by the U.S. government during the American Civil War that authorized the confiscation of property used to support the Confederate cause. It allowed for the seizure of property, including slaves, without payment of compensation. The act’s effects were far-reaching and were critical in suppressing the Confederate cause and in helping to win the war for the Union.

1862

Homestead Acts

The Homestead Act of 1862 granted 160 acres of public land to any United States citizen who was head of a household and agreed to live on and cultivate the property for five years. This law provided an essential foundation for the growth and development of the western United States. Along with waves of westward migration, it also increased land ownership opportunities for African Americans, women, and even immigrants, a unique policy for its time.

18 61 - 1865

American Civil War

Civil war is an armed conflict between two or more organized groups within the same state. In the United States, the Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 and pitted the northern Union against the Confederate States of America. This was the most expensive war in U.S. history with more than 620,000 casualties. While it initially began as a disagreement over slavery and states’ rights, it quickly became about power and control in the Union. The Union was eventually victorious, abolishing slavery and bringing the American Civil War to an end.

1863

Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by US President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, which declared 'that all persons held as slaves' in the Confederate states 'are, and henceforward shall be free'. It effectively ended slavery as an institution in the United States, as the Union Army enforced the order over Confederate-held territory, and it was later ratified in the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution. The Proclamation also served as an impetus for African Americans to enlist in the armed forces and was an international symbol of freedom.

1865

13th Amendment

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime. It was ratified by the states on December 6, 1865, hence ending the institution of slavery in the United States. This Amendment ultimately changed the face of American society and continues to shape the nation's history and culture today.

18 30 - 1860

Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was a massive network of people and places that enabled enslaved African-Americans in the United States to escape to free states or even to Canada. It was an organized effort that grew out of the shared struggles and networks of local abolitionist and Black communities. The Underground Railroad generated a great sense of autonomy, hope, and pride among Black Americans—sometimes referred to as a ‘moving station’ , and aided in the movement to end slavery.

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1820-1865

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