I world war
trenches
Giulia brucoli menduti alessia maria claudia ventura beniamino girardi tommaso marzella
INDEX
Construction of trenches
Communication between units
Method of construction
Britain and German trenches
Types pf trenches
Life in the trenches
Christmas truce
Trench combat
Mortality in trenches
The question of dead soldiers
Trenches in literature
Thanks
construction of trenches
01
The trenches were almost always due following a zigzag line, which divided the trernch into sectors. The side of the trech facing the enemy was called parapet, where there were opened loopholes. The sides were reinforced, while the bottom was covered with slightly raised wooden plank. The 2nd line of trenches was equipped with bunkers.
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
There were 3 methods of digging trenches. The first consisted of digging a trench along its entire lenght. The second possibility was to lenghten an already existing trench. The third method consisted of digging a sort of tunnel, the roof of which eventually collapsed.
THE FIRST
THE SECOND
THE THIRD
BRITAIN AND GERMAN TRENCHES
At the beginning of the war, Britain used a system of trenches organised into 3 lines, with other connceting trenches.
BRITAIN
The german trenches were heavily fortified, equipped with bunkers and fixed fortification at strategic points. The german army tended to retreat to already prepared positions in the face of allied offensives and developed the technique of defense in depth.
GERMAN
types of trenches
On the Dolomite and Karts front the type of terrain did not make possible to dig deep ditches so, there, were used other types of fortifications.
war fronts
On the Western Front, the German army built trenches with te intention to stay in the conquered French and Belgian territories for a long time, English troups wanted instead to advance towards Germany.
approaches to warfare
Italian soldiers didn't found any particular difficulties to dig the terrain, but they had to build theirtrenches under enemies bombardments
other impediments
The British trenches were generally located in flat areas, so flooding was a common event. To avoid it they built shallow ditches and equipped them with high parapets made with sandbags.
particular structures
LIFE IN THE TRENCHES
The soldiers went to assault the bladed weapon with bayonets fixed on their rifles: many were decimated by enemy machine gun fire, others remained wounded or maimed in no man's land without be able to be helped.
ASSAULT
The soldiers in the trenches were always exposed to the danger of death during the long hours of inertia between one battle and another: sniper fire, grenades, machine guns and enemy assaults were always at agenda, wearing out the nerves of the troops already tested by the terrible living conditions due to the dirt and, in the winter months, the cold, the rain and the mud.
LIVING IN THE TRENCHES
christmas truce
The enemy trenches were often very close to each other, so much so that there were episodes of truce in which the two armies stopped hostilities. The best-known event is that of the Christmas truce, 1914, when near Ypres, but also in many other points of the Western Front, a brief truce spontaneously arose during which the two armies met to fraternize, exchange cigars, chocolate, alcoholic drinks and some even organized a football match. In this incredible and unreal atmosphere it was possible to collect the fallen who remained in no man's land and give them burial.
TITLE YOUR SECTIOvN HERE
CITY NAME
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecter adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet.
TRENCH COMBAT
TACTIC OF INFILTRATION
In 1917 thw German army invented this type of combat:small, well-armed and highly trained units had to attack weak points in the enemy lines and bypass the most heavily defended sectors. These attacks were preceded by a particularly intense but short-lived artillery bombardment, with the aim of not giving the enemy, who had been warned of the imminence of the attack, the possibility of organizing reserves. The artillery had a dual role. Firstly it had to destroy enemy defenses and repel the troops sent to counterattack, secondly it had to create a bullet screen that prevented enemy troops from attacking the advancing infantry.
The artillery fire was therefore concentrated on a specific sector of the front, immediately preceding the infantry.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
communication between units
It was not an exceptional case for a commander to wait several hours to hear about the progress of an operation. For this reason it was almost impossible to make decisions quickly. For this reason, telephones, traffic lights, light signals (lamps or rockets) were used, as well as the use of relays and carrier pigeons. None of these methods were reliable. Telephone cables were very vulnerable to artillery fire, and were generally severed at the start of a battle. Light flares were mainly used to signal the achievement of an objective or to start a bombing raid.
INTRODUCTION OF THE TANK
Tanks were undoubtedly a decisive innovation, but they were only used consistently in the final months of the conflict. The first operations based on the use of tanks did not achieve significant successes, both due to the lack of tactical and operational experience and their limited number. Early tank models were also very limited: they often got stuck in mud or uneven terrain, and were very vulnerable if attacked with flamethrowers, artillery or simple machine guns. Their psychological effectiveness also waned very quickly. Furthermore, the very long preparatory bombings were abandoned in favor of much shorter, but much more precise and intense bombings.
MOrtality in trenches
The mortality rate of soldiers who took part in the First World War is around 10%. For comparison, in World War II this percentage was 4.5%.The most frequent and serious injuires were casued by:
- artillery: grenade explosions, bulllets
- psycological damages: post-traumatic stress syndrome, panic attacks, anxiety
- infectious diseases: dysentery, typhoid, cholera, parasites infections
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
the question of dead soldiers
Buryng the dead was a luxury, in fact very often the two fronts could not afford it. This is why corpses were left unburied until the front moved, or sometimes they remained there. But in this cases there was the identification problems; when they could recover the dead bodies to bury them (in many cases after the war) they could not recognise them anymore. To solve this question they introduced identification tags. Several times during the war, unofficial armistices were negotiated to help the wounded and bury the dead, but military leaders were absolutely against this practices tended to give orders to the troops to prevent enemy's medical workers, orders that luckly were generally ignored
BReak of day in the trenches
by Isaac Rosenberg
It seems you inwardly grin as you pass Strong eyes, fine limbs, haughty athletes, Less chanced than you for life, Bonds to the whims of murder, Sprawled in the bowels of the earth, The torn fields of France. What do you see in our eyes At the shrieking iron and flame Hurled through still heavens? What quaver—what heart aghast? Poppies whose roots are in man’s veins Drop, and are ever dropping; But mine in my ear is safe— Just a little white with the dust.
The darkness crumbles away. It is the same old druid Time as ever, Only a live thing leaps my hand, A queer sardonic rat, As I pull the parapet’s poppy To stick behind my ear. Droll rat, they would shoot you if they knew
Your cosmopolitan sympathies. Now you have touched this English hand
You will do the same to a German Soon, no doubt, if it be your pleasure To cross the sleeping green between.
Suicide in the trenches
Sigfried Sassoon
I knew a simple soldier boyWho grinned at life in empty joy, Slept soundly through the lonesome dark, And whistled early with the lark. In winter trenches, cowed and glum, With crumps and lice and lack of rum, He put a bullet through his brain. No one spoke of him again. You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye
Who cheer when soldier lads march by,
Sneak home and pray you'll never know
The hell where youth and laughter go.
TITLE YOUR SECTION HERE
CITY NAME
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecter adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet.
Septimus warren smith
From "Mrs Dallaway", Virginia Wolf
Septimus, a veteran of World War I, suffers from shell shock. He feels guilty even as he despises himself for being made numb by the war. His doctor has ordered Lucrezia, Septimus’s wife, to make Septimus notice things outside himself, but Septimus has removed himself from the physical world. Instead, he lives in an internal world, wherein he sees and hears things that aren’t really there and he talks to his dead friend Evans.
thanks for your attention
Giulia Brucoli Alessia Maria Menduti Claudia Ventura Beniamino Girardi Tommaso Marzella
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With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
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- It’s got the Wow effect. Very Wow.
- Make sure your audience remembers the message.
TRENCHES
Alessia Maria Menduti
Created on October 11, 2023
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Transcript
I world war
trenches
Giulia brucoli menduti alessia maria claudia ventura beniamino girardi tommaso marzella
INDEX
Construction of trenches
Communication between units
Method of construction
Britain and German trenches
Types pf trenches
Life in the trenches
Christmas truce
Trench combat
Mortality in trenches
The question of dead soldiers
Trenches in literature
Thanks
construction of trenches
01
The trenches were almost always due following a zigzag line, which divided the trernch into sectors. The side of the trech facing the enemy was called parapet, where there were opened loopholes. The sides were reinforced, while the bottom was covered with slightly raised wooden plank. The 2nd line of trenches was equipped with bunkers.
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
There were 3 methods of digging trenches. The first consisted of digging a trench along its entire lenght. The second possibility was to lenghten an already existing trench. The third method consisted of digging a sort of tunnel, the roof of which eventually collapsed.
THE FIRST
THE SECOND
THE THIRD
BRITAIN AND GERMAN TRENCHES
At the beginning of the war, Britain used a system of trenches organised into 3 lines, with other connceting trenches.
BRITAIN
The german trenches were heavily fortified, equipped with bunkers and fixed fortification at strategic points. The german army tended to retreat to already prepared positions in the face of allied offensives and developed the technique of defense in depth.
GERMAN
types of trenches
On the Dolomite and Karts front the type of terrain did not make possible to dig deep ditches so, there, were used other types of fortifications.
war fronts
On the Western Front, the German army built trenches with te intention to stay in the conquered French and Belgian territories for a long time, English troups wanted instead to advance towards Germany.
approaches to warfare
Italian soldiers didn't found any particular difficulties to dig the terrain, but they had to build theirtrenches under enemies bombardments
other impediments
The British trenches were generally located in flat areas, so flooding was a common event. To avoid it they built shallow ditches and equipped them with high parapets made with sandbags.
particular structures
LIFE IN THE TRENCHES
The soldiers went to assault the bladed weapon with bayonets fixed on their rifles: many were decimated by enemy machine gun fire, others remained wounded or maimed in no man's land without be able to be helped.
ASSAULT
The soldiers in the trenches were always exposed to the danger of death during the long hours of inertia between one battle and another: sniper fire, grenades, machine guns and enemy assaults were always at agenda, wearing out the nerves of the troops already tested by the terrible living conditions due to the dirt and, in the winter months, the cold, the rain and the mud.
LIVING IN THE TRENCHES
christmas truce
The enemy trenches were often very close to each other, so much so that there were episodes of truce in which the two armies stopped hostilities. The best-known event is that of the Christmas truce, 1914, when near Ypres, but also in many other points of the Western Front, a brief truce spontaneously arose during which the two armies met to fraternize, exchange cigars, chocolate, alcoholic drinks and some even organized a football match. In this incredible and unreal atmosphere it was possible to collect the fallen who remained in no man's land and give them burial.
TITLE YOUR SECTIOvN HERE
CITY NAME
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecter adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet.
TRENCH COMBAT
TACTIC OF INFILTRATION
In 1917 thw German army invented this type of combat:small, well-armed and highly trained units had to attack weak points in the enemy lines and bypass the most heavily defended sectors. These attacks were preceded by a particularly intense but short-lived artillery bombardment, with the aim of not giving the enemy, who had been warned of the imminence of the attack, the possibility of organizing reserves. The artillery had a dual role. Firstly it had to destroy enemy defenses and repel the troops sent to counterattack, secondly it had to create a bullet screen that prevented enemy troops from attacking the advancing infantry.
The artillery fire was therefore concentrated on a specific sector of the front, immediately preceding the infantry.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
communication between units
It was not an exceptional case for a commander to wait several hours to hear about the progress of an operation. For this reason it was almost impossible to make decisions quickly. For this reason, telephones, traffic lights, light signals (lamps or rockets) were used, as well as the use of relays and carrier pigeons. None of these methods were reliable. Telephone cables were very vulnerable to artillery fire, and were generally severed at the start of a battle. Light flares were mainly used to signal the achievement of an objective or to start a bombing raid.
INTRODUCTION OF THE TANK
Tanks were undoubtedly a decisive innovation, but they were only used consistently in the final months of the conflict. The first operations based on the use of tanks did not achieve significant successes, both due to the lack of tactical and operational experience and their limited number. Early tank models were also very limited: they often got stuck in mud or uneven terrain, and were very vulnerable if attacked with flamethrowers, artillery or simple machine guns. Their psychological effectiveness also waned very quickly. Furthermore, the very long preparatory bombings were abandoned in favor of much shorter, but much more precise and intense bombings.
MOrtality in trenches
The mortality rate of soldiers who took part in the First World War is around 10%. For comparison, in World War II this percentage was 4.5%.The most frequent and serious injuires were casued by:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
the question of dead soldiers
Buryng the dead was a luxury, in fact very often the two fronts could not afford it. This is why corpses were left unburied until the front moved, or sometimes they remained there. But in this cases there was the identification problems; when they could recover the dead bodies to bury them (in many cases after the war) they could not recognise them anymore. To solve this question they introduced identification tags. Several times during the war, unofficial armistices were negotiated to help the wounded and bury the dead, but military leaders were absolutely against this practices tended to give orders to the troops to prevent enemy's medical workers, orders that luckly were generally ignored
BReak of day in the trenches
by Isaac Rosenberg
It seems you inwardly grin as you pass Strong eyes, fine limbs, haughty athletes, Less chanced than you for life, Bonds to the whims of murder, Sprawled in the bowels of the earth, The torn fields of France. What do you see in our eyes At the shrieking iron and flame Hurled through still heavens? What quaver—what heart aghast? Poppies whose roots are in man’s veins Drop, and are ever dropping; But mine in my ear is safe— Just a little white with the dust.
The darkness crumbles away. It is the same old druid Time as ever, Only a live thing leaps my hand, A queer sardonic rat, As I pull the parapet’s poppy To stick behind my ear. Droll rat, they would shoot you if they knew Your cosmopolitan sympathies. Now you have touched this English hand You will do the same to a German Soon, no doubt, if it be your pleasure To cross the sleeping green between.
Suicide in the trenches
Sigfried Sassoon
I knew a simple soldier boyWho grinned at life in empty joy, Slept soundly through the lonesome dark, And whistled early with the lark. In winter trenches, cowed and glum, With crumps and lice and lack of rum, He put a bullet through his brain. No one spoke of him again. You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye Who cheer when soldier lads march by, Sneak home and pray you'll never know The hell where youth and laughter go.
TITLE YOUR SECTION HERE
CITY NAME
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecter adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet.
Septimus warren smith
From "Mrs Dallaway", Virginia Wolf
Septimus, a veteran of World War I, suffers from shell shock. He feels guilty even as he despises himself for being made numb by the war. His doctor has ordered Lucrezia, Septimus’s wife, to make Septimus notice things outside himself, but Septimus has removed himself from the physical world. Instead, he lives in an internal world, wherein he sees and hears things that aren’t really there and he talks to his dead friend Evans.
thanks for your attention
Giulia Brucoli Alessia Maria Menduti Claudia Ventura Beniamino Girardi Tommaso Marzella
Got an idea?
Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Got an idea?
Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.
Got an idea?
Let the communication flow!
With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to wow your audience. You can also highlight a particular sentence or piece of information so that it sticks in your audience’s minds, or even embed external content to surprise them: Whatever you like! Do you need more reasons to create dynamic content? No problem! 90% of the information we assimilate is received through sight and, what’s more, we retain 42% more information when the content moves.