Head Trauma Presentation

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Brain Damage Assignment

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By: Katrina Borak

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Index

Trauma Video

Frontal lobe Damage

Damage to the Occipital Lobe

How would life be affected after damage to the Orbitofrontal Cortex?

How would life be affected after damage to the Olfactory Bulb

How would life be affected after damage to Brocas Area?

How would life be affected after damage to the Secondary Visual Cortex?

How would life be affected after damage to the Primary Visual Cortex?

Life after damage to the Primary Visual Cortex

After trauma to the Primary Visual Cortex in the Occipital Lobe he would have problems with seeing things in the world. This injurywould result in a person who could see and take in the world around him normally, becoming someone who often or always misses parts of the world surrounding him as he could not properly take in and process the things around him properly. This could cause him to be unable to recognize the soccer ball quickly and make it very difficult for him to be a goalie.

Cortical Blindness

Damage to the Primary Visual Cortex could also result in cortical blindness. The retina in the eye is fully in tack, the brain just cannot process the information in the proper way to form the world around him. As a goalkeeper playing soccer the loss of sight would ruin his soccer career and stop him from playing the sport he loves.

Life After Damage to the Secondary Visual Cortex

Damage to this area of the Occipital Lobe would result in the brain miss-processing the visual information it still managed to receive from the damaged Primary Visual Cortex. The injury to this area of the brain could impair his vision even more than it already was or make him totally blind. As someone who plays soccer, the loss of his vision would stop him from playing the sport he enjoys. As a goalkeeper especially, the ability to quickly process the visual information on the position of the ball, is especially important. And the loss of visual processing could result in the end of his career and make him feel like a failure.

Life after damage to the Olfactory Bulb

After damage to the Olfactory Bulb, he would have trouble smelling things. Seeing that the Olfactory Bulb sends smell information to the brain, after this trauma he would go from someone who could smell things like pasta and eggs normally, to someone who would be without his sense of smell. This loss of smell would also affect his ability to taste food normally or notice if he was in danger from a gas leak. This would change his life as a candle enthusiast, he would no longer be able to enjoy one of the things that brought him the most joy besides soccer, making and using candles.

Life after damage to the Orbitofrontal Cortex

After injuring the Orbitofrontal Cortex, he would have trouble with emotions, senses of fufilment or disappointment and trouble making smart decisions. The loss of emotional connection to the outcome of events would make him unmotivated in his sport, winning and losing would feel the same so he would not put as much effort into playing. This would result in him being kicked off the team as he lost the drive to win. After being kicked off the team he would only continue to make poor choices as his brain failed to produce proper responses to events.

Level of Speach

Life After Damage to Brocas Area

Damage to Broca's Area in the Frontal Lobe would inhibit his ability to speak properly as his brain struggled to form words that used to come naturally. The severity of the loss of speech could range from minimal interruptions in speech, to Broca's aphasia, where he would know the things, he wants to say but cannot say them. In the worst-case scenarios, he would be left at a TAN level of speech production, only being able to form a handful of words. The loss of his speech would stop him from being able to communicate with his friends or the people on his team. Communication is the most important part of sports, so not being able to communicate would most likely get him kicked off the team. Slowly the rest of his friends would leave him as he struggled to support them, and he would decline into depression.

Damage to the Occipital Lobe

The Occipital lobe, shown in green, was hit when the head hit the ground after the inital force from the ball knocked him over.

Possible structures that were damaged

Secondary Visual Cortex

Primary Visual Cortex

Scott sterling soccer : 3:16 - 3:40 In this clip the ball hits him front and center in his face. The force of the hit then causes him to fall backward and hit his head on the ground. The first hit would have caused damage to the frontal lobe, while the second hit would have caused damage to the occipital lobe and caused the brain to bounce forward and hit the frontal lobe again.

Head Trauma Video

Index

Primary Visual Cortex

The Primary Visual Cortex, shown in red, is the part of the occipital lobe responsible for an important part of sight. The Primary Visual Cortex is responsible for recivieving imput from the retina and recognizing light, size, motion, colour, etc. Damage to this area of the occipital lobe would result in difficulty with taking in visual information and could result in a person not seeing many of the things in the world around them as they are since their brain cannot categorize them properly or at all.

Secondary Visual Cortex

The Secondary Visual Cortex (area), shown in light blue, is further involved with visual perception as it processes visual information taken in by the primary visual cortex. This part of the Occipital Lobe further categorizes and analyzes the visual information taken in to give us a better understanding of the world around us. Damage to the Secondary Visual Cortex could also result in a lack of visual perception and awareness as the brain fails to process the visual information it is receiving about the outside world.

Damage to Frontal Lobe

The Frontal Lobe, the area in blue, was hit first with the force of the ball and then again when the brain bounced back against the skull after the second impact with the ground. Some Structures Possibly Damaged:

Brocas Area

Orbitofrontal Cortex

Olfactory Bulb

Olfactory Bulb

The Olfactory Bulb, shown in light pink, is located in the most inferior portion of the frontal lobe. This part of the frontal lobe is responsible for the sense of smell. The olfactory bulb transmits smell from the nose to the brain so that we can smell the things surrounding us. Smell is important in finding food, keeping good hygiene and noticing danger. Damage to the olfactory bulb would result in the partial or total loss of smell as the olfactory bulb fails to transmit messages of smell to the brain.

Orbitofrontal Cortex

The Orbitofrontal Cortex, shown in green, is located directly superior to the orbits (eyes). This part of the frontal lobe is responsible for the emotion and reward in expectation and decision making. That happy warm feeling you get after doing something good comes from the orbitofrontal cortex, as does the guilty shameful one you feel after doing something you know you shouldn't. Damage to this area of the brain could result in an incapacity or total lack of emotional responses to stimuli, which would mean poor decision-making skills and limited emotional capacity.

Brocas Area

Brocas area, shown in orange, is located Posterior, inferior in the frontal gyrus. This area of the frontal lobe is responsible for speech production. Damage to brocas area can result in severe problems with forming words and sentences and can make it difficult or impossible for a person to speak normally as their brain is no longer producing speach the same way.