Heart transplantation
organ donation
stats
153
heart transplants were made in Canada in 2022
5%
of the 2,936 organ transplants performed in Canada in 2022 were hearts
• Heart damage after a heart attack
• Severe heart failure (when medicines, other treatments, and surgery no longer help) • Severe heart defects that were present at birth and can not be fixed with surgery
• Life-threatening abnormal heartbeats or rhythms that do not respond to other treatments
Why it's done
Pros
Cons
PROCESs
Psychological and social evaluation
Vaccines
Diagnostic tests
Blood tests
When a donor organ becomes available, candidates are selected based on different criteria
The transplant team will decide if you are eligible for a heart transplant
Accepted
Deceased Person
Consent and Autonomy
Allocation and Fairness
Ethical concerns related to organ donation and transplantation
Transparency and Public Trust
Violates the Traditional Rule of Medicine
Donation is Prone to Trafficking
Emotional Coercion
Living Persons
ALLOCATION (PRIORITY ORDER)
The recipient's transplant center is located in the same
region than that of the donor.
Level 5
Level 4
They consider the number of days it has been since the patients made their requests.
The recipient is a pediatric patient (under the age of 19) at the time of initiation of the award process.
Level 3
This involves a recipient and a donor under the age of 19.
Level 2
The medical status specified on the recipient’s organ request is 4 (medical emergency).
Level 1
Victims who are made to believe that they must undergo an operation and then remove an organ without their knowledge.
3 types of organ trafficking
People who, in a precarious financial situation, sell their organs, often to receive only a fraction of the promised amount or nothing at all.
Traffickers who force victims to donate an organ.
Bibliography
- Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2023, juin 15). Statistiques sommaires sur les greffes d'organes, les listes d'attente et les donneurs. Récupéré sur Canadian Institute for Health Information: https://www.cihi.ca/en/summary-statistics-on-organ-transplants-wait-lists-and-donors
- Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2023, octobre 16). Transplantation d'organes au Canada : dons et besoins. Récupéré sur Canadian Institute for Health Information: https://www.cihi.ca/en/organ-transplants-in-canada-donations-and-need#:~:text=Heart%3A%20In%202022%2C%20there%20were,2022%2C%20there%20were%20352%20transplants
- Inconnu. (2023, juin 27). Préoccupations éthiques liées au don et à la transplantation d'organes. Récupéré sur Drishtiias: https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/ethical-concerns-of-organ-donation-and-transplantation#:~:text=While%20both%20deceased%20and%20living,generally%20considered%20more%20ethically%20preferable
- Mary C. Mancini, M. P. (2023, April 16). Heart Transplant. Récupéré sur Medline Plus: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003003.htm#:~:text=Finding%20a%20donor%20heart%20can,your%20body%20will%20reject%20it.
- Mayo Clinic Staff. (2022, May 11). Heart Transplant. Récupéré sur Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/heart-transplant/about/pac-20384750
- Société canadienne du sang. (2021, juillet). Porcessus applicable aux patients à statut élevé en attente d'un coeur. Récupéré sur Société canadienne du sang: https://profedu.blood.ca/sites/default/files/2022-01/2110-088_D11%20The%20HSH%20Allocation%2C%20Offer%20Management_FR.pdf
- Université de Johns Hopkins. (s.d.). Transplantation cardiaque. Récupéré sur Médecine Johns Hopkins: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/heart-transplant
- Most people who receive a heart transplant may be able to resume many of their daily life activities, such as work, hobbies, sports and exercising.
- Worldwide, success rate of transplantation : 85% for the first year and 69% for the next 5 years for adults.
Pros
Risks:
- Bleeding, infection and blood clots (during surgery)
- Rejection of the donor heart
- Primary graft failure
- Problems with your arteries
- Medication side effects
- Development of cancer from the medicines used to prevent rejection
- Infection
- Damage to the kidneys, liver, or other organs from anti-rejection medicines
- Heart attack or stroke
- Heart rhythm problems
- High cholesterol levels, diabetes, and bone thinning from the use of rejection medicines
- The new heart may not work at all
Waiting list:
- According to the Canadian Institute for Health, in 2022, 133 people were waiting for a transplant. There were 8 deaths while waiting for a transplant.
Finding a donor heart can be difficult:
- Must be donated by someone who is brain-dead but is still on life support.
- The donor heart must be in normal condition without disease.
- Must be matched as closely as possible to your blood and tissue type to reduce the chance that your body will reject it.
Recovery period:
- 3 months
- Stay fairly close to the hospital during that time period.
- Regular check-ups with blood tests, x-rays, and echocardiograms for many years.
Cons
1. Violates the Traditional Rule of Medicine: One person becomes a patient to benefit another person who is already a patient. 2. Donation is Prone to Trafficking: Organ donation is susceptible to trafficking when there is illegal and unethical activity involved in the acquisition, transportation, or transplantation of organs. 3. Emotional Coercion: The relationship between the donor and the recipient influences the donor's motivation to donate organs. Living donors are genetically related to the recipient and often feel obligated due to family and emotional ties. These ethical concerns include the potential for undue influence and emotional and forced pressure.
1. Consent and Autonomy:
It is important to determine whether the person had expressed their consent or refusal for organ donation while they were alive.
If the person's wishes are unknown, it can be ethically challenging to make decisions on their behalf.
2. Allocation and Fairness:
Determining how organs are allocated fairly and equitably is an ongoing ethical concern.
3. Transparency and Public Trust:
The ethical concerns related to disclosure of information, the handling of organ procurement and transplantation procedures, and the management of organ donation registries are important considerations.
Heart transplantation - organ donation
Maltais Arianne
Created on October 11, 2023
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Transcript
Heart transplantation
organ donation
stats
153
heart transplants were made in Canada in 2022
5%
of the 2,936 organ transplants performed in Canada in 2022 were hearts
• Heart damage after a heart attack • Severe heart failure (when medicines, other treatments, and surgery no longer help) • Severe heart defects that were present at birth and can not be fixed with surgery • Life-threatening abnormal heartbeats or rhythms that do not respond to other treatments
Why it's done
Pros
Cons
PROCESs
Psychological and social evaluation
Vaccines
Diagnostic tests
Blood tests
When a donor organ becomes available, candidates are selected based on different criteria
The transplant team will decide if you are eligible for a heart transplant
Accepted
Deceased Person
Consent and Autonomy
Allocation and Fairness
Ethical concerns related to organ donation and transplantation
Transparency and Public Trust
Violates the Traditional Rule of Medicine
Donation is Prone to Trafficking
Emotional Coercion
Living Persons
ALLOCATION (PRIORITY ORDER)
The recipient's transplant center is located in the same region than that of the donor.
Level 5
Level 4
They consider the number of days it has been since the patients made their requests.
The recipient is a pediatric patient (under the age of 19) at the time of initiation of the award process.
Level 3
This involves a recipient and a donor under the age of 19.
Level 2
The medical status specified on the recipient’s organ request is 4 (medical emergency).
Level 1
Victims who are made to believe that they must undergo an operation and then remove an organ without their knowledge.
3 types of organ trafficking
People who, in a precarious financial situation, sell their organs, often to receive only a fraction of the promised amount or nothing at all.
Traffickers who force victims to donate an organ.
Bibliography
Pros
Risks:
- Bleeding, infection and blood clots (during surgery)
- Rejection of the donor heart
- Primary graft failure
- Problems with your arteries
- Medication side effects
- Development of cancer from the medicines used to prevent rejection
- Infection
- Damage to the kidneys, liver, or other organs from anti-rejection medicines
- Heart attack or stroke
- Heart rhythm problems
- High cholesterol levels, diabetes, and bone thinning from the use of rejection medicines
- The new heart may not work at all
Waiting list:- According to the Canadian Institute for Health, in 2022, 133 people were waiting for a transplant. There were 8 deaths while waiting for a transplant.
Finding a donor heart can be difficult:- Must be donated by someone who is brain-dead but is still on life support.
- The donor heart must be in normal condition without disease.
- Must be matched as closely as possible to your blood and tissue type to reduce the chance that your body will reject it.
Recovery period:Cons
1. Violates the Traditional Rule of Medicine: One person becomes a patient to benefit another person who is already a patient. 2. Donation is Prone to Trafficking: Organ donation is susceptible to trafficking when there is illegal and unethical activity involved in the acquisition, transportation, or transplantation of organs. 3. Emotional Coercion: The relationship between the donor and the recipient influences the donor's motivation to donate organs. Living donors are genetically related to the recipient and often feel obligated due to family and emotional ties. These ethical concerns include the potential for undue influence and emotional and forced pressure.
1. Consent and Autonomy: It is important to determine whether the person had expressed their consent or refusal for organ donation while they were alive. If the person's wishes are unknown, it can be ethically challenging to make decisions on their behalf. 2. Allocation and Fairness: Determining how organs are allocated fairly and equitably is an ongoing ethical concern. 3. Transparency and Public Trust: The ethical concerns related to disclosure of information, the handling of organ procurement and transplantation procedures, and the management of organ donation registries are important considerations.