Native American Timeline

Dawes General Allotment Act ( February 1887)

Indian Removal Act (1830)

The Creek War (1813-1814)

The Long Walk of the Navajo ( 1864)

Nez Perce War (1877)

War of 1812 (1812 - 1815)

Trail of Tears (1838 - 1839)

Black Hawk War ( April - August 1832)

Battle of Tippecanoe (November 7,1811)

Wounded Knee Massacre (December 29,1890)

Sioux War (1876 - 1877)

Indian Removal act

The Indian Removal Act granted Indian tribes to go to unsettled western land in exchange for their territories. At first, the U.S. enacted the act to be respectful of American Indians' legal and political acts. Eventually, when trouble occurred the U.S. resorted to using force to get them to leave. They had demanded for them to move to the western land. Many northern tribes had peacefully done so, but 5 tribes did not. They were called the 5 Civilized Tribes. The Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, Cherokee, and Creek. They refused to leave due to things in place on their territory. Like their homes, representative government, and missionary schools. They were forced to go westward which resulted in a trail of tears.

Key People

• Andrew Jackson

Dawes General Allotment Act

The Dawes General Allotment Act was a law that allowed the distribution of Indian Reservation land. The act aimed to create responsible farmers in the white man's image. This allotment had a big effect on Native Americans. Before the Native Americans had control of 150 million acres of land. After they had lost a lot of their land due to the allotment divisions and the selling of the surplus. The act had it were about 160 of farmland or 320 acres of grazing land was available to the head of each native american family. They were receiving a fraction of the land compared to the amount they had controlled beforehand. Many Native Americans did not know about standardized ranching and agriculture. Not to mention most of the land was not farmable. When tribes were paid for the land they were often underpaid.

Key People

• Grover Cleveland
• Henry L. Dawes

War of 1812

Summary: The war had lasted from 1812 to 1814. It was between Great Britain and the United States. They were having a conflict about British violations of the United States' maritime rights. The conflict had arisen during the Napoleonic Wars and the French Revolution. There were 5 major battles. The battle of Cryslerès farm, battle of Lundyès lane, battle of New Orleans, battle of Plattsburgh, and battle of the Thames. End Result: The war ended with the Battle of New Orleans. The Treaty of Ghent was signed in December of 1814. It had restored the territories that were captured by both sides.

Key People:

• Isaac Hull
• James Madison

• Samuel Smith
• Zachary Taylor
• Tecumseh

Black Hawk War

The Black Hawk war was between the United States and the Native Americans. It was lead by Black Hawk. He had led 1,00 Sauk, Fox, and Kicapoo people to reclaim land in Illionis. About 450 to 600 indians were killed during the war. 70 soldiers and settlers were also killed. In the end the Native Americans were unable to reclaim the land and instead fled to the west. A treaty between the Sauk, fox, and the United States called the Treaty of 1804. The Native Americans had given the United States all of their land east of Mississippi and some of the west. The Native Americans were given $1,000 and goods each year in exchange.

Key People

• Black Hawk
• Lewis Cass
• Zachary Taylor

The Wounded Knee Massacre

The Wounded Knee Massacre consisted of the Sioux, the Teton, and the United States. The massacre had happened due to the United States' attempt to repress the Plains Indians. James W. Forsyth had commanded the 7th cavalry to the Miniconjou camp. To which had ordered the Miniconjou to surrender all of their weapons. Most of them have given up their weapons, except a deaf miniconjou named Black Coyote. When his gun accidently went off the 7 cavalry opened fire on the Miniconjou who were defenceless. Even the Miniconjou who tried to flee who were women and children still were killed by soldiers. In the end, about 250 to 300 miniconjou were killed, of which almost half were children and women. Two important things had come out of the massacre. The Treaties of Fort Laramie and the Dawes General Allotment Act.

Key People

• The Sitting Bull
• James W. Forsyth

Sioux War of 1862

The war was between the United States and several eastern bands of the Sioux. Before the war, there were two treaties in place. They were signed with the Sioux—the treaty of Traverse des Sioux and the treaty of Mendota. It all began when the Sioux were dealing with starvation and displacement to which they attacked the settlements. At the war's end, the Sioux were exiled from their homes and sent to reservations in Dakota and Nebraska.

Key People

• Little Crow
• Alexander Ramsey
• Henry Hastings Sibley
• Sakpedan
• Wakan Ozanzan

The long walk of the navajo

The long walk of the Navajo had lasted about two months. The whole walk itself was 300 miles. There were more than 8,500 Navajo which included women, children, and elders. It was the effort of the United States in the Indian Removal. They were forced to walk from Arizona to eastern New Mexico. About 200 Navajo people died on the way from violence from the military, starvation, and exposure, Even when they had reached New Mexico they had to endure terrible conditions at their reservation. There was disease, hunger, and cold. They were prohibited from praying or singing in their native language.

Key People

• Kit Carson

Nez Perce War

The Nez Perce War was between the Nez Perce tribe and Palouse against the United States. It had lasted between June to October of the year 1877. The Nez Perce refused to give up their land in Pacific Northwest to move to the Indian reservation in Idaho. Before the relations were fairly peaceful. The Nez Perce tribe had helped Captians Lewis and Clark. Cheif Jospeh had signed a treaty that had allowed them to retain much of their lands. Until conflict had arisn between settlers and the Nez Perce in the 1870s and it had led to the war. In the end Cheif Jospeh had surrendered to General Miles and General Howard. In total there was 8 battles.

Key People

• Cheif Joseph
• Looking Glass
• White Bird
• Ollokot
• Toohoolhoolzote

• Poker Joe
• Red Echo

• General Oliver Otis Howard
• General Nelson A. Miles
• John Gibbon
• Samuel D. Sturgis

Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears was an important event in history. It was the forced relocation of Indigenous people. It included many tribes like the Cherokee, Creek, and Chickasaw. Choctaw, and Seminole. They were forced to be relocated to the Southeast region of the United States. About 100,000 Indigenous people were forced to leave their homes. During the trial of Tear, approximately 15,000 indigenous people died. They had to walk across 9 states (Georgia, Alabama, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas) and it consisted of about 5,045 miles. Many things had caused the Trail of Tears. The Indian Removal Act, Seminole Wars, Proclamation of 1763.

Key People

• Black Hawk
• John Ross
• Winfield Scott

The Creek War

The Creek War was between the Creeks, the Cherokees, and the United States. The were several fractions that had arisen after they were warned by Shawnee leader Tecumseh about the dangers to native cultures posed by the whites. The group the Red Sticks had preyed on white settlements. One major event of the Creek War was the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. It had put an end to the Creek War. The U.S. had won the victory over the Native Americans when had opposed the white expansion. The war had ended with the Treaty of Ft. Jackon to which the Creeks had to cede 23 million acres of land. Which must of the territory belonged to Indians who were before Jackon's allies.

Key People

• Andrew Jackson
• Pushmataha

Battle of Tippecanoe

The battle had taken place at the Indian capital on the Tippecanoe River. It was between two main people the Shawnee and the United States. William Henry Harrison and the Prophet were the main people in the battle. William Harrion's main goal was to destroy the power of the intertribal defensive alliance. Harrison had gathered a force during 1811 and they marched up towards Prophetstown. A conference was arranged, but the garrison was wary of it. So, he and his men camped near the village. In the end, there was a battle that lasted over two hours and both sides suffered casualties. It was mainly seen as a U.S. victory even though they both suffered equal losses. It had helped Harrison's reputation greatly.

Key People

• William Henry Harrison
• The Prophet