PRESENT PERFECT/PAST PERFECT

Past Simple

Past Continuous

GRAMMAR

PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT/PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

PAST PARTICIPLE

PRESENT PERFECT

USES

- Para una acción que ocurrió en en pasado, sin especificar cuándo I've seen that film before. I've played the guitar ever since I was a teenager. - Pasado muy reciente I have just broken my leg

- Una acción que ocurrió en el pasado y continúa en el presente They've been married for nearly fifty years.

PRESENT PERFECT

NEGATIVE: S + HAVEN'T/HASN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS She hasn't seen Peter since last year INTERROGATIVE: (WH-) HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS? Have you ever visited Russia?

STRUCTURE

AFFIRMATIVE: S + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS I have studied French for 4 years

2. IRREGULAR VERB 3RD COLUMN We have seen They haven't thrown rubbish

WHAT IS THE PAST PARTICIPLE?

1. REGULAR VERBVER + ED I have studied He has played

• already: We've already done this exercise. • yet: We haven't checked the answers yet. • ever/never: Have you ever had guitar lessons? • it's the first time: It's the first time we've watched a video in class.

USEFUL WORDS

The present perfect simple is often used with the following words and phrases: • for: She's taught German here for over five years • since: Mr Gray has taught French here since 2006. • just: We've just done this exercise.

VS. PAST SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECT

2. PAST SIMPLEHace referencia a situaciones del pasado que no están relacionadas con el presente porque empezaron y terminaron en el pasado. Normalmente se indica cuándo sucedió la acción. They took control of the city last month

1. PRESENT PERFECTHace referencia a una acción del pasado que está relacionada con el presente. They have taken control of the city No especificamos cuándo ocurrieró la acción I have visited 10 countries

EXERCISES

4) I .......... the watch that my wife gave me on our honeymoon (To lose) 5) They five years ago in Napoles (To get married) 6) I ............... a program on television about Africa (To watch)

1) They ........... married and are now on their honeymoon (To get married) 2) I ............ studying 10 years ago (To finish) 3) This morning I ......... to the Spanish Embassy in Paris (To be)

PAST PERFECT

The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9:15am. When we arrived, the train had left. I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten. They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.

USES

The Past Perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past.

PAST PERFECT

NEGATIVE: S + HADN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE + C I hadn't finished my meal. INTERROGATIVE: (WH-) HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS? Had you watched this video ?

STRUCTURE

AFFIRMATIVE: S + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE + C Anthony had gone to Paris before

PAST PERFECT

PAST SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLE VS PAST PERFECT

PRESENT

PAST PERFECT makes reference to something that happened before another action

PAST

When I opened my bag yesterday I noticed I had forgotten my book in the high school

When the waiter (come) to take her order, she (be) surprised. It (be) James, an old friend from school. They (see/not) each other for at least five years. She (sit) down at a table outside the café and (look) at the menu.

PAST SIMPLE VS PAST PERFECT

EXERCISES

Yesterday, Mandy (go) to a café after work.

• before: The teacher had checked the answers before the lesson. • after: I left after I'd finished the test. • just: Simon had just finished the test when the bell wang • when: I left when I'd finished the test.

USEFUL WORDS

The past perfect simple is often used with the following words and phrases: • by: I'd finished my homework by eight o'clock. • by the time: By the time I got to class, the lesson had started.

THE END

PAST TENSES