The Structures Of The Brain
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The 3 Main Parts Of The Brain
Association Areas
Association areas are mostly located in the frontal lobe but are also located in the occipital and temporal lobes. It is responsible for interpreting information as we learn and get more memories. It is also responsible for recognizing faces and objects.
Forebrain
Hindbrain
Go to
Reference Page
Midbrain
Image from clipartkey
Reference Page
- “Auditory Cortex Function - Practical Psychology.” Practical Psychology, 6 July 2022, practicalpie.com/auditory-cortex-function/.
- Vega, Jose. “What Happens If You Have a Parietal Lobe Stroke?” Verywell Health, 2019, www.verywellhealth.com/effects-of-a-parietal-lobe-stroke-3146435.
- Hammond, Nancy. “Hippocampus: Function, Size, and Problems.” Www.medicalnewstoday.com, 20 June 2022, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/313295#function.
- White, Saundra K, and J.Noland White. Psychology, Global Edition. S.L., Pearson Education Limited, 2020.
Back
The HindBrain
The Brain stem consists of the medulla, pons, reticular formation and midbrain.
Image from clipartkey
Back
The ForeBrain
The Cortex
The Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the outermost part of the brain. It is wrinkled to fit a larger amount of cortical cords in your head. It is responsible for higher thought processes
Corpus Callosum
The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemisphere of the brain enabling communication between the two.
https://healthiack.com/encyclopedia/pictures-of-cerebral-cortex
Back
https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/corpus-callosum
The Limbic System
The limbic system is mainly responsible for emotion, learning and memories. The Limbic system is mainly located in the temporal but can also be found in the frontal and parietal lobes.
Cingulate cortex
Back
Reticular Formation
The Reticular Formation is a network of neurons that runs through the medulla and pons and slightly beyond them. It is responsible for peoples ability to deal with certain kinds of information in their surroundings (general attention). It is also responsible for alertness and arousal.
Medulla
The Medulla is the first swelling at the top of the spinal cord. This part of the brain controls functions that are key for survival, such as heartbeat, breathing and swallowing. The sensory nerves that come from the left and right side of the body cross over in the medulla. This allows the sensory information from the left and right side of the body cross over.
Parietal lobe
The parietal lobe contains the somatosensory cortex which recieves and proccesses information from the skin and internal body receptors for things such as touch, tempture, body positions and pain. Damage to the parietal lobe can cause weakness to the body, inability to recognize objects by touch and visual impairment.
The Amygdala
The Amygdala is located near the hippocampus. The Amygdala is responsible for fear memories and responses, such as fight or flight. when responding to fear the senses send a message to the amygdala before the upper part of the brain to react more quickly. A study suggestes that the amygdala is responsible for impacting the hippocampus causing stress in memories with fear.
Occipital Lobe
The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex and visual association cortex. The occipital lobe processes information from the eyes. The visual association cortex helps identify and decipher visual information. When the occipital lobe is damaged it can cause blindness, visual hallucinations, etc. It can also cause people to not be able to visually recocognize objects.
https://doctorlib.info/physiology/physiology-2/19.html
Thalamus
The Thalamus is responsible for processing information coming from sensory nerves and sending out that information to the parts of the brain that deal with those senses, such as hearing, sight, touch and taste. If the Thalamus were damaged it can result in a loss or partial loss of those senses
Cingulate Cortex
The cingulate cortex is located in the parietal and frontal lobe. It is responsible for proccessing emotional, cognitive and autonomic information.
Frontal Lobe
The frontal lobe controls the higher mental functions. (Planning, Personality, memory storage and complex decision making). The Frontal cortex consists of the prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and the motor cortex. The PFC is linked to cognitive control such as self awarness, time managment and emotional control. The medial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex are connected to the limbic system which controls emotions. The motor cortex is responsible for sending motor commands to the somatic nervous system. This controls the bodies voluntary movements
The Broca's Area is located in the left frontal loba. It is responsible for speech production. Damage to the broca's area can cause broca's aphasia. this is when the person can understand what other people are saying but are unable to get words out smoothly.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-ss-151-1/chapter/the-brain-and-spinal-cord/#CNX_Psych_03_04_Broca
The Hippocampus
The Hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe. It is responsible for long term memories. If the hippocampus is damaged it can cause a loss of memory or an inabiltiy to create new long term memories. Things such as Alzheimers can cause this.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is at the base of the skull behind the pons. It is responsible for controling all involunatry rapid fine motor movements. It also coordinates voluntary movements that have to happen very fast, such as walking and dancing. Scientists believe that the cerebellum may also have some cognitive functions. If your cerebellum were damaged you would be very uncoordinated.
Pons
The pons is the larger swelling above the Medulla. It is the bridge between the cerebellum and the upper parts of the brain. The motor nerves carry messages from the brain to the body allowing the pons to coordinate the left and right side of the body. It also plays a role in sleep,dreams and arousal.
Hypothalamus
The Hypothalamus is responsible for balancing the body out. It can send signals to your body to regulate your body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, stress, pleasure and more. If the Hypothalamus were damaged it would cause disruption in these things. For example it would cause the person to eat too much or too little.
The Temporal Lobe
The Limbic System
The Temporal Lobe contain the primary auditory cortex and the auditory association. The auditory cortex collects and processes information the ear collects. It also contains the limbic system which is responsible for emotions, memory, motivation and learning.
Cingulate Cortex
https://jackwestin.com/resources/mcat-content/emotion/the-role-of-biological-processes-in-perceiving-emotion
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Transcript
The Structures Of The Brain
Press these buttons for more information in slides!
Next page
The 3 Main Parts Of The Brain
Association Areas
Association areas are mostly located in the frontal lobe but are also located in the occipital and temporal lobes. It is responsible for interpreting information as we learn and get more memories. It is also responsible for recognizing faces and objects.
Forebrain
Hindbrain
Go to
Reference Page
Midbrain
Image from clipartkey
Reference Page
- “Auditory Cortex Function - Practical Psychology.” Practical Psychology, 6 July 2022, practicalpie.com/auditory-cortex-function/.
- Vega, Jose. “What Happens If You Have a Parietal Lobe Stroke?” Verywell Health, 2019, www.verywellhealth.com/effects-of-a-parietal-lobe-stroke-3146435.
- Hammond, Nancy. “Hippocampus: Function, Size, and Problems.” Www.medicalnewstoday.com, 20 June 2022, www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/313295#function.
- White, Saundra K, and J.Noland White. Psychology, Global Edition. S.L., Pearson Education Limited, 2020.
Back
The HindBrain
The Brain stem consists of the medulla, pons, reticular formation and midbrain.
Image from clipartkey
Back
The ForeBrain
The Cortex
The Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the outermost part of the brain. It is wrinkled to fit a larger amount of cortical cords in your head. It is responsible for higher thought processes
Corpus Callosum
The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemisphere of the brain enabling communication between the two.
https://healthiack.com/encyclopedia/pictures-of-cerebral-cortex
Back
https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/corpus-callosum
The Limbic System
The limbic system is mainly responsible for emotion, learning and memories. The Limbic system is mainly located in the temporal but can also be found in the frontal and parietal lobes.
Cingulate cortex
Back
Reticular Formation
The Reticular Formation is a network of neurons that runs through the medulla and pons and slightly beyond them. It is responsible for peoples ability to deal with certain kinds of information in their surroundings (general attention). It is also responsible for alertness and arousal.
Medulla
The Medulla is the first swelling at the top of the spinal cord. This part of the brain controls functions that are key for survival, such as heartbeat, breathing and swallowing. The sensory nerves that come from the left and right side of the body cross over in the medulla. This allows the sensory information from the left and right side of the body cross over.
Parietal lobe
The parietal lobe contains the somatosensory cortex which recieves and proccesses information from the skin and internal body receptors for things such as touch, tempture, body positions and pain. Damage to the parietal lobe can cause weakness to the body, inability to recognize objects by touch and visual impairment.
The Amygdala
The Amygdala is located near the hippocampus. The Amygdala is responsible for fear memories and responses, such as fight or flight. when responding to fear the senses send a message to the amygdala before the upper part of the brain to react more quickly. A study suggestes that the amygdala is responsible for impacting the hippocampus causing stress in memories with fear.
Occipital Lobe
The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex and visual association cortex. The occipital lobe processes information from the eyes. The visual association cortex helps identify and decipher visual information. When the occipital lobe is damaged it can cause blindness, visual hallucinations, etc. It can also cause people to not be able to visually recocognize objects.
https://doctorlib.info/physiology/physiology-2/19.html
Thalamus
The Thalamus is responsible for processing information coming from sensory nerves and sending out that information to the parts of the brain that deal with those senses, such as hearing, sight, touch and taste. If the Thalamus were damaged it can result in a loss or partial loss of those senses
Cingulate Cortex
The cingulate cortex is located in the parietal and frontal lobe. It is responsible for proccessing emotional, cognitive and autonomic information.
Frontal Lobe
The frontal lobe controls the higher mental functions. (Planning, Personality, memory storage and complex decision making). The Frontal cortex consists of the prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and the motor cortex. The PFC is linked to cognitive control such as self awarness, time managment and emotional control. The medial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex are connected to the limbic system which controls emotions. The motor cortex is responsible for sending motor commands to the somatic nervous system. This controls the bodies voluntary movements
The Broca's Area is located in the left frontal loba. It is responsible for speech production. Damage to the broca's area can cause broca's aphasia. this is when the person can understand what other people are saying but are unable to get words out smoothly.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-ss-151-1/chapter/the-brain-and-spinal-cord/#CNX_Psych_03_04_Broca
The Hippocampus
The Hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe. It is responsible for long term memories. If the hippocampus is damaged it can cause a loss of memory or an inabiltiy to create new long term memories. Things such as Alzheimers can cause this.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is at the base of the skull behind the pons. It is responsible for controling all involunatry rapid fine motor movements. It also coordinates voluntary movements that have to happen very fast, such as walking and dancing. Scientists believe that the cerebellum may also have some cognitive functions. If your cerebellum were damaged you would be very uncoordinated.
Pons
The pons is the larger swelling above the Medulla. It is the bridge between the cerebellum and the upper parts of the brain. The motor nerves carry messages from the brain to the body allowing the pons to coordinate the left and right side of the body. It also plays a role in sleep,dreams and arousal.
Hypothalamus
The Hypothalamus is responsible for balancing the body out. It can send signals to your body to regulate your body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, stress, pleasure and more. If the Hypothalamus were damaged it would cause disruption in these things. For example it would cause the person to eat too much or too little.
The Temporal Lobe
The Limbic System
The Temporal Lobe contain the primary auditory cortex and the auditory association. The auditory cortex collects and processes information the ear collects. It also contains the limbic system which is responsible for emotions, memory, motivation and learning.
Cingulate Cortex
https://jackwestin.com/resources/mcat-content/emotion/the-role-of-biological-processes-in-perceiving-emotion