history and society

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HISTORY

Desiderato, Mattiuzzo, Gismondi, Mattioli e Damasco

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History Timeline

1714 - 1760

george i

george ii

prime minister

2 party legal

william pitt

jacobite1715

1727

1714

society change

2 Party Political System

In England there is the 2 party political system

Whigs

Tories

History Timeline

1714 - 1760

george i

george ii

prime minister

2 party legal

william pitt

jacobite1715

1727

1714

society change

George I and the House of Hanover

• 1714: Queen Anne's death prompts enactment of Act of Settlement, making Elector of Hanover King George I.

• George I: German, didn't speak English, held reservations about England.

• Hanoverian succession sparks 1688 Revolution, strengthening Whig Party and Parliament's influence.

• Tories briefly held power at end of Anne's reign, but George I's accession solidified Whig dominance.

George I and the House of Hanover

• George I acknowledges debt to Whigs, appoints them as ministers in gratitude.

• Hanoverian succession leads to creation of Prime Minister position.

• Previously, ministers answered directly to king, who oversaw meetings.

• George I's language barrier necessitates a liaison between Cabinet and King.

• This grants Prime Minister significant power and authority.

Sir Robert Walpole

• Prominent figure in the Whig Party, rising to key positions like Chancellor of the Exchequer and First Lord of the Treasury

• Stabilizing finances and promoting economic growth

• Maintained support from both Crown and Parliament

• Established a period of stability and prosperity

• Pivotal in shaping the Prime Minister's office and early modern British governance.

History Timeline

1714 - 1760

george i

george ii

prime minister

2 party legal

william pitt

jacobite1715

1727

1714

society change

Jacobites and their first rebellion

• The major opposition to the Hanoverians were the Jacobites
• A group of Anglican Tories who supported the restoration of the Stuart Dynasty
• They emerged after the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89 when James II was deposed

• Two main Jacobites rebellion occurred, in 1715 and in 1745.
• In the summer of 1715 John Erskine, 6th earl of Mar, raised the Jacobite clan for “James Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender”
• Defeat at the Battle of Sheriffmuir

• The hopes of a rising melted away at Preston

The downfall of the Jacobites

• In 1745 James Edward sent his son Charles to represent him as leader of the rebellion
• Jacobite victory at b was followed by the invasion of England
• English armies were closing in and Charles was advised by his commanders to retreat to Scotland
• The rebellion was doomed
• The Battle of Culloden, 1746, marked the final blow to the Jacobites hopes.

William Pitt, The Elder: Life

• William Pitt the Elder was born on 1708, Westminster by a rich and politically influential family

• He studied at Eton and Trinity Colleges and he studied Virgil and Huig Van Groot

• Informal leader of British cabinet from 1756 to 1761 and political leader of Britain during The Seven Years’ War

• Prime minister from 1766 to 1768

• Brilliant rhetoric skills
• First to visualize the importance of the colonies and true founder of the British Empire
• Died on 1768, London

William Pitt: Seven Years’ War

• Seven Years’ War —> between England and France due to rivalry for power of trades in America and India

• Pitt directed successful high strategies military operations giving Britain new lands

• After the war ended, Pitt was forced to resign from his role

• Didn’t accepted the Treaty of Paris (1763)

• The Great Commoner…

History Timeline

1714 - 1760

george i

george ii

prime minister

2 party legal

william pitt

jacobite1715

1727

1714

society change

George ii - life

• Born on October 30, 1683;

• Received a formal education and served in the Imperial German Army before becoming king;

• Married Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1705;

• Involved in several international wars;

• Died on October 25, 176

George ii - international wars

• The War of Jenkin‘s Ear, a colonial conflict between Britain and Spain fueled by disputes over territorial and trade interests in the Americas;

• Austrian Succession in India, conflict between Britain and France which caused European military and political intervention in the colony.

• The Seven Years’ War, was a global conflict that altered colonial territories and it had a profound impact on North America and India.

History Timeline

1714 - 1760

george i

george ii

prime minister

2 party legal

william pitt

jacobite1715

1727

1714

society change

ARISTOCRACY

ARISTOCRACY

ARISTOCRACY

GENTRY

MIDDLE CLASS

POOR

LOWER CLASS

GROWING

MIDDLE CLASS

benefitted from trade with the colonies

assume

DOMINANCE

country side

london

public coffeehouse

• The public coffeehouse became the centre of social life

• Government politics appeared important to every Englishman, which increased the circulation of political pamphlets and newspapers

• Each party prized good writers, and literary men were eager to offer their services in shaping the government

Thanks for the attention

History

2 Party Political System

1. The English politics divided at the time of the Glorious Revolution (1688)
2. Under Robert Walpole there was a period of Whig supremacy
3. The Tories acted as a united opposition to Whig corruption only 50 years after, under William Wyndham
4. The old Whig leadership dissolved in the 1760s into a decade of factional chaos

London

people drift from countryside to the towns

• London was a fashionable city
• city of opportunity
• social life

Middle class

assume DOMINANCE in:

• POLITICS
• CULTURE
• TASTE