The industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and had two phases: • The First Industrial Revolution, which saw the birth of textile machines, steam machines, and the use of coal as a main resource. Workers moved from the countries to the factories in the cities, because it was easier to find a job.
• The Second Industrial Revolution, from around 1850, which created the so called “Mass society” and spread all over Europe and the USA.
Under the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) the British Empire had his highest expansion thanks to the foundation of new colonies, such as India, Australia, New Zealand, parts of China, Africa and South East Asia. In 1851 there was the first Great Exhibition of all times in London, centre of the most powerful Empire of the world. It was an international fair of new technologies and foreign goods, so the Empire had to have better communication and transport networks. This led to the Second Industrial Revolution.
First of all, the production process in factories became faster and cheaper thanks to the assembly line, used for the first time in Henry Ford’s car factory. Unfortunately, this new technique created a sense of alienation among the workers, because they had to do a single repetitive task for several hours a day.
The most important discoveries regarded: - Petroleum, which led to the production of plastic and the invention of the first motor car in 1898 by Karl Benz; - Electricity, which led to the invention of light bulb and the gramophone by Thomas Edison, as well as of the battery (Alessandro Volta).
Transportation was revolutionized by the invention of the first flight machine and the spread of railroads thanks to Henry Bessemer’s production of steel. Communication extended thanks to the invention of the telegraph, the telephone, the radio, and the cinema. Also medicine took a step forward with the invention of the vaccine against fowl cholera and rabies by Louis Pasteur. In the field of chemistry, the most famous discoveries and inventions were the X-ray machine by Marie Curie, and the dynamite by Alfred Nobel.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND COMPARATIVES
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Transcript
The industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and had two phases: • The First Industrial Revolution, which saw the birth of textile machines, steam machines, and the use of coal as a main resource. Workers moved from the countries to the factories in the cities, because it was easier to find a job.
• The Second Industrial Revolution, from around 1850, which created the so called “Mass society” and spread all over Europe and the USA.
Under the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) the British Empire had his highest expansion thanks to the foundation of new colonies, such as India, Australia, New Zealand, parts of China, Africa and South East Asia. In 1851 there was the first Great Exhibition of all times in London, centre of the most powerful Empire of the world. It was an international fair of new technologies and foreign goods, so the Empire had to have better communication and transport networks. This led to the Second Industrial Revolution.
First of all, the production process in factories became faster and cheaper thanks to the assembly line, used for the first time in Henry Ford’s car factory. Unfortunately, this new technique created a sense of alienation among the workers, because they had to do a single repetitive task for several hours a day.
The most important discoveries regarded: - Petroleum, which led to the production of plastic and the invention of the first motor car in 1898 by Karl Benz; - Electricity, which led to the invention of light bulb and the gramophone by Thomas Edison, as well as of the battery (Alessandro Volta).
Transportation was revolutionized by the invention of the first flight machine and the spread of railroads thanks to Henry Bessemer’s production of steel. Communication extended thanks to the invention of the telegraph, the telephone, the radio, and the cinema. Also medicine took a step forward with the invention of the vaccine against fowl cholera and rabies by Louis Pasteur. In the field of chemistry, the most famous discoveries and inventions were the X-ray machine by Marie Curie, and the dynamite by Alfred Nobel.