The Renaissance

Renaissance

1300-1650

D2.His.2.6-8 Classify series of historical events and developments as examples of change and/or continuity. D2.His.12.6-8 Use questions generated about multiple historical sources to identify further areas of inquiry and additional sources. O1: Students will learn what life was like in the Renaissance. O2: Students will learn to see connections between events in history.

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Introduction to the Renaissance

Artists of the Renaissance

Northern Renaissance

Prior knowledge

During the Middle Ages, Europe suffered from the Crusades and the plague. The ones who survived wanted to celebrate life and the human spirit. They began to question the institutions that were unable to prevent so much death.

Renaissance = rebirth

This period lasted from 1300-1650.

The rebirth refers to a revival of art and learning. Italian men hoped to bring back the culture of classical Greece and Rome.

Why Italy?

Classical Heritage of Greece and Rome

Thriving Cities

Wealthy Merchant Class

Thriving Cities

Italy had city-states. While the rest of Europe was mostly rural, Italy was an urban region. Crusades had spurred overseas trade, which had expanded and enlarged cities.

Wealthy Merchant Class

Italy had a wealthy merchant class. There was a shortage of workers due to the plague, so laborers could demand higher wages. Merchants did not inherit their social rank. They felt they deserved their power because of individual merit.

Classical Heritage of Greece and Rome

Italians looked down on the Middle Ages. Instead, they wanted a return to the classics, to values, and to education. They drew inspiration from ancient ruins and studied Latin and Greek manuscripts.

Key Characteristics

Worldy pleasures

Humanism

Patrons of the arts

Renaissance men and women

Humanism

The study of classical texts led to humanism, an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. Humanist education: - grammar - rhetoric - history - poetry - moral philosophy

The School of Athens. Raphael, c. 1511

Federico da Montefeltro and His Son Guidobaldo. Urbino, c. 1475

Wordly Pleasures

In the Middle Ages, people demonstrated their piety by wearing rough clothing and eating plain food. Although most people remained very Catholic, the basic spirit of the Renaissance society was secular.

Patrons of the Arts

Patrons financially supported artists. Merchants and wealthy families also did this; they were showing their own importance when they had their portraits painted. Church leaders "beautified" Rome and other cities, spending a lot of money on art.

Renaissance men and women

Baldassare Castiglione wrote a book called The Courtier (1528). It taught readers how to become a Renaissance Man and Woman.

WOMEN

• charming
• well-educated in the classics
• not expected to seek fame
• inspire art but rarely create it
• little influence in politics

MEN

• charming and witty
• well-educated in the classics
• dance, sing, play music, write poetry
• skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman

The Medicis of Florence

Lorenzo de' Medici (1449-1492)

Cosimo de' Medici (1389-1464)

He was known as il Magnifico.Just like his grandfather Cosimo, he controlled politics in Florence. He was more explicit with his ruling. The Medicis were patrons of the arts, including Botticelli and Michelangelo.

He "ruled" Florence (it was a republic). He called himself Pater Patriae (father of the nation)

Info

The Courtier Classwork

The Courtier excerpt: Let the man we are seeking be very bold, stern, and always among the first, where the enemy are to be seen; and in every other place, gentle, modest, reserved, above all things avoiding ostentation and that impudent self-praise by which men ever excite hatred and digust in all who hear them... I would have him more than passably accomplished in letters, at least in those studies that are called the humanities, and conversant not only with the Latin language but with Greek, for the sake of the many different things that have been admirably written therein. Let him be well versed in the poets, and not less in the orators and historians, and also proficient in writing verse and prose. Baldassare Castiglione, The Courtier

Artists of the Renaissance

D2.His.2.6-8 Classify series of historical events and developments as examples of change and/or continuity. D2.His.6.6-8 Analyze how people’s perspectives influenced what information is available in the historical sources they created. O1: Students will learn to analyze various aspects of Renaissance life. O2: Students will learn to analyze art.

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Discuss: What is the importance of art?

Kiss of Judas

Which is from the Medieval Ages and which is from the Renaissance? What are the differences?

Realism

This style of art followed the emphasis on individuals. It was much more realistic.

It used perspective as a technique; it shows us three dimensions on a flat surface.

Leonardo daVinci

He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.

He was a true Renaissance man.

Self portrait (c.1505)

Lady with an Ermine (1489-90)

The Last Supper (c.1490)

Raphael Sanzio

He was younger than Michelangelo and da Vinci; he learned by studying their works. Raphael was famous for his use of perspective (a way to show three dimensions.)

Madonna and child (1513-14)

Marriage of the Virgin (1504)

School of Athens (1504)

Michelangelo Buonarrroti "il Divino"

Sistine Chapel ceiling (1508-12)

Creation of Adam (1508-12)

Head of Cleopatra (1533-34)

Michelangelo Buonarrroti "il Divino" Sculptures

Tomb of Pope Julius II (1545)

David (1501-04)

Pieta (1498-99)

Classwork

• SS CW 5.2 Renaissance artwork

NORTHERN Renaissance

D2.His.2.6-8 Classify series of historical events and developments as examples of change and/or continuity. D2.His.12.6-8 Use questions generated about multiple historical sources to identify further areas of inquiry and additional sources. O1: Students will learn to what life was like in the Renaissance. O2: Students will learn to see connections between events in history.

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Italian vs Northern Renaissance

Exchange of Ideas

In 1494, a French king claimed the throne of Naples (southern Italy) and began an invasion on northern Italy. Many Italian artists left for Northern Europe, where they were safer. They brought with them the styles and techniques of the Italian Renaissance.

Spot the differences

Marriage of the Virgin, Raphael (1504)

Arnolfini Wedding Portrait, Jan van Eyck (1434)

New art techniques were created, all inspired in the Italian Renaissance

Arnolfini Wedding Portrait, Jan van Eyck (1434)

Christian Humanism

Italian influences introduced Latin and Greek into the north People used them to examine the traditional teachings of the Church. Christian Humanism emerged. They were about how to improve society, and how the perfect society should be. They also encouraged women to study

The Elizabethan Age

The most famous writer at the time was William Shakespeare.

The Renaissance spread to England in the mid-1500. This period is named after...

His works are covered with Humanistic thought; he revealed the soul of men and women through scenes of conflict.

The Printing Press

Johan Gutenberg developed the printing press. He invented a process that would help produce books quickly and cheaply during the 1440s. The first book ever printed was...

The Legacy of the Renaissance

Classwork

• SS 5.3 CW Northern Renaissance notes