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CLIMATE
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Transcript
CLIMATE
Guía básica para crear una presentación genial
Ana Mª Manzano Vicente
¿ WHAT IS THE CLIMATE?
The climate is the usual weather in a place over many years.
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
The climate and the weather refer to similar concepts. The big difference is the PERIOD OF TIME
Weather: refers to the state of the atmosphere in a specific day at a specific moment. It can change in two or three hours
Climate: refers to the usual weather in a place over many years. It takes hundred, thousands or sometimes millions of year to change
Why are there areas on Earth where the temperature is warm all year long while in others it is frezzing cold?
The areas on Earth don´t have the same temperature. The solar radiation is distributed differently. Two reasons: 1. The shape of the Earth like a sphere . 2. The tilted position of Earth.
North Pole
Sun´s rays hit at an angle
SUN
Sun´s rays hit directly
Equator line
Sun´s rays hit an angle
South Pole
Equator line divided Earth into Northern hemispheric and Southern hemispheric
Around the Equator , the Sun´s rays hit the surface directly. So solar radiation is concentrated in a small area tha recieves a lot of heat. As we move away from the equator towards the Poles, solar radiation is spread over a larger territory , so the Sun doesn´t heat thoses areas much.
The Sun´s rays hit the surface directly and strongly at the areas closest to the Equator .(high temperature) The Sun´ s rays hit the surface at angle and weakly at the areas closest to the Poles. ( low temperate)
CLIMATE FACTORS
There are many factors that affect the climate of an area: 1. Latitude 2. Altitude 3. Distance from the sea
1. LATITUDE
Latitude is the distance between a point on the Earth and the Equator. It establishes that we live in climate zones: -COLD ZONES -TEMPERATE ZONES - WARM ZONES
LATITUDE
COLD
TEMPERATE
WARM
TEMPERATE
COLD
CLIMATE ZONES
NORTH POLE
TEMPERATE ZONE
COLD ZONE
WARM ZONE
EQUATOR LINE
TEMPERATE ZONE
COLD ZONE
SOUTH POLE
2. ALTITUDE
At higher altitudes , the temperature are colder
Altitude is the vertical distance at a point above sea level
At lower altitudes , the temperature are hotter
COLD
Altitude
HEAT
Altitude affects temperature, but also, the atmospheric pressure.
What is atmospheric pressure?
The air in the atmosphere has weight , so it presses against us
How does altitude change atmospheric pressure?
If you are close to sea level , there is more air above you, so the air pressure, increases.
The higher we go up , the amount of air on top decreases, so the lower pressure is.
Air
Air
CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MOVES AIR MASSES
LOW PRESSURE
HIGH PRESSURE
When air cools it becomes denser and sinks. At it sinks towards Earth´ssurface it creates an area of high pressure or antyciclones.
Near to Earth´s surface, the air is heated. It expands ,becomes lighter and rises up. When it rises up , the air cools it creates an area of low pressure or depressions.
SUNNY
SNOWY
RAINY
DEPRESSION
Low pressure air rises condenses makes cloud cloudy and wet weather
RAINY
SNOWY
ANTICYCLONE
high pressure air sinks no condensation clear , sunny weather
SUNNY
AN ISOBAR MAP SHOWS ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
3. THE DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
Water heats and cools more slowly than land. THE AREAS CLOSER TO THE SEA HAVE MILD TEMPERATURES BECAUSE THE SEA ABSORBS HEAT AND LOSES SLOWLY. SO , THEY ARE COOLER IN SUMMER AND WARMER IN WINTER.
Distance from the sea
Extreme
Mild
Ocean currents
Ocean water is constantly in motion. There are warm and cold currents in the water. So coastal areas near cold ocean currents makes temperature go down and coastal areas near warm ocean currents makes tempeatures go up.
Humidity
HURRICANES
Humidity affects air masses. At the end of the summer , the air masses above the sea remain warm , but the air masses inland cool down. When the cold and warm air masses collide , the warm air rises quickly.
STORMS
TORNADOES
What are the three climate zones on Earth?
POLAR ZONE
TEMPERATE ZONE
TROPICAL ZONE
TEMPERATE ZONE
POLAR ZONE
POLAR ZONES
Characteristics
- Theses are near the Poles.
- Temperatures are very low all year round.
- Precipitation is scarce and is in the form of snow.
TEMPERATE ZONES
Characteristics
- There are two of these zones on each side of the tropical zone.
- Seasons are strongly marked.
- Temperatures change a lot between winter and summer depending on distance from the sea.
- Precipitations are moderate.
- Spain belongs to this zone and Canary Island are closer to warm zone.
- Meadows and forests grow in this zone
TROPICAL ZONES
Characteristics
- There are near to the Equator.
- Temperatures are warm , at above 20º C all year.
- There are humid areas of jungle and other very dry areas formed by deserts.
BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS
An Ecosystem is formed by the species that live and interact together in a place.
Biomes are formed by ecosystems that share similar characteristics that are located on a specific geographic areas on Earth.
THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOMES ARE
COLD DESERT
Summer 0ºC Winter -40ºC
There is very little vegetation and and animals have a thick layer of fat to keep warm
TAIGA
Summer 10ºC Winter -20ºC
There are many evergreen trees. Hares, wolves and reindeers live there
TEMPERATE
Summer 20ºC Winter 0ºC
Trees are mostly deciduous. There are lots of different species and many animals migrate
MEDITERRANEAN
Summer 25ºC Winter 5ºC
Evergreen forests and bushes that have adapted to periods of drought. Diverse fauna
HOT DESSERT
Summer 28ºC Winter 15ºC
The little vegetation has adapted to lack of water , like cacti. Insects reptiles live here
SAVANNAH
Summer 28ºC Winter 25ºC
Very few trees but abundance of grass. Animals migrate in the warmer months to find water
TROPICAL
Summer 22ºC Winter 22ºC
Abundant and dense vegetation and very rich fauna
GLOBAL WARMING
Climate is affected by the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere that cause global warming
CAUSES
Intensive farming
Use of fossil combustible
Industry
EFFECTS
Sea levels are rising
Greenhouse effects
Glaciers are disappearing
Poles are melting
What can we do?