INCA EMPIRE

AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS

THE INCAS

THE MOUNTAIN EMPIRE

the inca empire

While the Aztecs ruled in the Valley of Mexico, another people—the Inca—created an equally powerful state in South America. From Cuzco, their capital in southern Peru, the Inca spread outward in all directions. They brought various Andean peoples under their control and built an empire that stretched from Ecuador in the north to Chile in the south. It was the largest empire ever seen in the Americas.

VOCABULARY

HUASCA

CHASKI

AYLLU

MACHU PICCHU

INTI

INCAS

Vocabulary

Quechua

Pachacuti

MITA

Terrace

Tawantinsuyu

Quipu

Complete the sentences using the vocabulary words

An _____ was made up of a number of families.

The ____ Raymi is in honor of the Sun god.

_____, that means ‘Earth-shaker,’ founded Machu Picchu.

_____ means "Four regions together" and was the biggest precolumbian empire

_____ is an indigenous language family spoken by the Incas.

A temple of idols or the idol itself are known as ____

Complete the sentences using the vocabulary words

The _____ was a messenger of the Inca empire.

______, referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas", it is the most familiar icon of the Inca Empire.

_____ is a forced-labor imposed on the inhabitants.

_____was a method to keep records and communicate information using string and knots.

Incas built in the hillsides ___ or strips of level land that are planted with crops.

__ had important jobs in the government, own land and didn't pay taxes.

inca empire

• In the late 1300s, the Inca were only a small community in the area of Cuzco.In the 1440s, under the leadership of Pachacuti, the Inca launched a campaign of conquest. Eventually the entire region was under Inca control.
• The Inca government, centered in Cuzco, was called the Tawantinsuyu. It was a monarchy ruled by a single leader called the Sapa Inca.

• Divided up into quarters called "suyu". The four suyu were Chinchay Suyu, Anti Suyu, Qulla Suyu, and Kunti Suyu. At the center was the capital city of Cuzco.

inca society

Religion

Economy

Social order

The basic unit of Inca society was the ayllu. The ayllu was made up of a number of families that worked together almost like one large family. Everyone in the empire was part of an ayllu. There was no money, so people paid taxes with labor or mita

The religion of the Inca was closely tied into the everyday life of the Inca as well as with their government. They believed that their ruler, the Inca Sapa, was part god himself. Inti - Inti was the most important of the gods to the Inca. He was the god of the sun.

The Inca Empire was ruled by the ancestors of the original Inca people. Below the Inca or noble class was the class of public administrators. Most non-Incan were commoners

Andean Agriculture

They farmed the hillsides by cutting terraces, or strips of level land planted with crops. , also watered by irrigation systems. Incas grwh corn, potatoes, squah, beans and other crops.

incas Timeline

1438 AD

1200 AD

800 AD

200 BC

2500 BC

incas Timeline

1572 AD

1533 AD

1532 AD

1525 AD

1493 AD

1471 AD

ACTIVITY

aNSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS by checking the "INCAS TIMELINE"

Who founded the city of Cuzco? When was it?

What did Manco Capac do for the empire?

When was Atahualpa captured by Pizarro?

Which day is stablished as the end of the Inca empire?

PACHACUTI "The earth shaker"

Pachacuti, whose name means “World Transformer” or “Earthshaker,” ruled for 33 years. During that time, he drew up the plans for the rebuilding of Cuzco, expand the empire and established the Incan system of government. In Ecuador the Incas conquered tribes such as the Cañaris or Shyris

Before attacking, they typically offered enemy states an honorable surrender. They would allow them to keep their own customs and rulers in exchange for loyalty to the Incan state.

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achievements

Architecture

Science

Art and crafts

Without the use of iron tools they shaped large stones and have them fit together without the use of mortar. By fitting the stones closely the Inca were able to create large stone buildings that survived for hundreds of years, as Mchu Picchu. The roads built were usually paved with stone. Stone steps were often built into steep areas in the mountains. They also built bridges where the roads needed to cross rivers.

The Inca used their calendar to mark religious festivals as well as the seasons so they could plant their crops at the correct time of the year. They studied the sun and the stars to calculate their calendar. The Inca calendar was made up of 12 months. . One of the main forms of medicine used by the Inca was the coca leaf.

They crafted jewelery, dishes and statues using gold and silver. Incas valued textiles. They wore colored cloth out of cotton,alpaca and vicuña. Both men and women would wear capes or ponchos to keep them warm during the winter.

Think Critically

In a 180 words parragraph answer the following question:

• What was the Inca`s greatest achievement? Explain.

Rubric

criterion d

Art and crafts

INCAS

Within the Inca Empire the Inca were the people descended from the original founders of Cuzco. They were the nobility of the empire and lived lives of luxury.

The men wore long sleeveless shirts or tunics. The women wore long dresses. Both men and women would wear capes or ponchos to keep them warm during the winter. The peasants and the nobles wore similar fashions. Of course the clothing of the rich was made from finer cloth and was more decorated.

INTI

The Sun god and the most important god of the Inca.

PACHACUTI

The ninth Inca emperor, Pachacuti started the expansion of the Kingdom of Cuzco into the Inca Empire. He established the Tawantinsuyu

The Chavin civilization collapses.

Criterion D: Thinking critically

i. analyse concepts, issues, models, visual representation and/or theories ii. summarize information to make valid, well-supported arguments iii. analyse a range of sources/data in terms of origin and purpose, recognizing values and limitations iv. recognize different perspectives and explain their implications.

Emperor Huayna Capac dies from a plague. This was likely smallpox brought by the Spanish conquistadors. A large portion of the Inca population will die from smallpox and other diseases over the next several years. sons of Emperor Huayna, Atahualpa and Huascar, fight over the crown. The Inca Empire fights a civil war for the next five years.

Inca Gods and Goddesses

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Inti - He was the god of the sun. Inti was married to the Goddess of the Moon, Mama Quilla. Mama Quilla - Mama Quilla was the goddess of the Moon. She was also the goddess of marriage and the defender of women. The Inca believed that lunar eclipses occurred when Mama Quilla was being attacked by an animal. Pachamama - the goddess of Earth or "Mother Earth". She was responsible for farming and the harvest. Viracocha - was the first god who created the Earth, the sky, the other gods, and humans. Supay - was the god of death and ruler of the Inca underworld called the Uca Pacha.

Pachacuti becomes the leader of the Inca. He begins to conquer nearby tribes and expand the control of the Inca Empire. He reorganizes the government into the Tawantinsuyu and builds the city of Machu Picchu.

Around this time people in the region began farming. They grew potatoes, corn, cotton, and other crops. They also started forming villages.

Huayna Capac, Tupac's son, becomes emperor. The Inca Empire will reach its peak under the reign of Huayna Capac.

Mit'a

A type of labor tax that each male citizen of the Inca Empire had to pay by doing labor for the government. This included such jobs as serving as a warrior in the army and working on temples or other government buildings

Pizarro execute Atahualpa and install Manco Inca as Emperor.

The Nazca and Moche civilizations come to an end.

HUASCA

The huaca was a sacred object to the Inca that was inhabited by a spirit. It could be manmade or natural. Examples of huaca include stones, mountains, amulets, statues, and mummies.

Tupac Inca Yupanqui, Pachacuti's son, becomes emperor. He will greatly expand the Inca Empire.

AYLLU

The basic unit of the community, an ayllu was made up of a number of families. Land was allotted to an ayllu based on the number of people in the group

TERRACE

The Incas carved out these bench terraces, or andenes, to create level platforms for growing crops on the steep slopes of the Andes .

MACHU PICCHU

The "lost city" of the Inca that was never discovered and destroyed by the Spanish.

The Inca tribe, led by Manco Capac, founded the city of Cuzco in the Cuzco Valley region..

Atahualpa defeats Huascar and becomes the emperor. At the same time, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro arrives in Peru. Pizarro captures Atahualpa and holds him for ransom.

CHASKI

A runner who carried messages throughout the empire mostly for the emperor. The chaski ran between checkpoints on a vast network of roads passing on their message to the next runner. Messages were generally memorized and passed by mouth.

TAWUANTINSUYO

The Inca divided the empire in 4 "Suyos" that were part of the Tawuantinsuyo, name for their empire. It mean the "Land of the Four Quarters".

QUECHUA

The language spoken by the Inca.

QUIPU

A series of strings that recorded numbers and codes by using various sizes of knots.

The Spanish execute the last of the Inca emperors, Tupac Amaru, signaling the end of the Inca Empire.