CHARLES I OF sPAIN AND v Of GERMANY
Of the Habsburg dynasty
Modern age
The division of the Empire of Charles (I & V)
Society
Economy
Policy
There are two divisions :
Main division:
Main division :
- Aztec &Inca Empires
- Economy of aztec and Inca - Revolution Prices -Coins
_ Social pyramid & Hidalgos
- Clothes
- Music & dances
- Religion
Domestic policy
Introduction
Consequences
Causes
Reforms in the political system, replacing problematic officials 1. Judicial functions were limited
- The lack of identification in various sectors in the political orinetation of th new king.(political inestability)
- Social
& Conflicts Anti- seignorial
At the beginning of the reign, were 2 rebellions:
- Rebellions of the Communities of Castile .
The maintenance and an increase of power given to The Courts. Reinforce on the oversea territories after RCVM.
- Rebellions of th Communities of Valencia and Mallorca.
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Main events in the domestic POlicy
1. Rebellion of the Communities of Castile
2. Rebellion of the Communities of Valencia and Mallorca
3. Institutions
iNDex :
- Born : 24 February 1500.
- Place : Prinsenhof of Ghert, Flanders, what nowadays is Belgium.
- Regent : Cardenal Jimenez de Cisneros. - Born : 1436 in Torrelaguna. - Died : 1517 died on the way to visit Charles after his coronation.
- Died : 21 September 1558. - Place : The Monastery of Yuste.
Its burial : take place the 22 September 1558 on the Escorial.
- 1526 : he was married with Isabella of Portugal.- 1539 : she dies because of malaria.
- Illegitimate : - Margaret, Duchess of Florence and Parma - John of Austria
- Descendants: - Legitimate : - Philip II of Spain - Maria, Holy Roman Empress -Joanna, Princess of Portugal
Philip II of Spain
- He was the one who Charles,abdicate the crown to,in the 25 October 1555.
Family tree
Maximilian I & Mary of Burgundy
Ferdinand & Isabelle
Phillip I
Joanna
Isabelle of Portugal & Charles V
Phillip II os Spain Maria, Holy Empress Joanna , Princess of Portugal
Family Inheritances :
- The authoritary monarchy of the CK, led to began : The Modern Age.
- Death of Isabella the Catholic.
- Throne passes to Joanna, his daughter, married with Philip I of Castile.
- once Philip died and Joanna incapacitated by her madness, throne passes to their son , Charles (I & V)
- after the death of his grandfather, Fernando the Catholic, he inherited Aragon.
Thanks to his inmense inheritance , he became one of the most poweful monarchs.
At a young age , he owned :
- In Spain: Castile , Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Sardinia , Roussillon and Cerdanya. - Part of America.
- As an inheritance of the CK , his paternal grandparents.
As an inheritance from Maximilian of Austria, his paternal grandfather.
- Austria- Germany
- Netherlands- Flanders - Franche-Comté
As an inheritance from Mary of Burgundy, his paternal grandmother.
The union of these two territoies was labelled
The empire on which the sun never sets
The comuneros revolt
From 1520 to 1522, at the beginning of the heign of Charles I . The war began when Charles came to reclaim thir Hispanic lands without even speaking spanish so they did not belive he was fit to rule them. Was divided into two camps, those who were with the king (the high nobility, the kingdom of granada and the kingdom of Andalucia) and those were against the king on 23 april 1521 the goverment staged a coup detat and that same day they decapited the communist leaders (Padilla, Bravo and Maldonado ) only Toledo remained standing, although almost a year later they sumrendered. What happened after the war: Charles I returned to Spain on 16 july 1522 and installed the court in Palencia. Made a general pardon, however he expelled from this pardon 293 communumal people belonging to different social classes. 100 people were executed in total. Consequences: The fundamental consequences were that thy were left without a political elite, they had to pay everyone in the form of taxes and thereforce they had special taxes as compensation for that happened to then because of the war.
Revolt of Brotherhoods
-The Revolt of Brotherhoods happened from 1519 to 1523.
-The revolt was anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the italian republics.(It also bore anti-islamic aspect).
Economic troubles and pirate raids
-The government slowly decayed and became more corrupt. -Spanish relations with Muslim nations and North Africa were still esceedingly poor. -The coast of Aragon was constantly raided by Barbary pirates.
Aftermath
The muslims of the kingdom of Valencia suffered for a variety of reasons. The warfare with Muslim corsairs kept tensions high between the religions and encouraged a hostile mentality.
Revolt of Brotherhoods
-The Revolt of Brotherhoods happened from 1519 to 1523.
-The revolt was anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the italian republics.(It also bore anti-islamic aspect).
Economic troubles and pirate raids
-The government slowly decayed and became more corrupt. -Spanish relations with Muslim nations and North Africa were still esceedingly poor. -The coast of Aragon was constantly raided by Barbary pirates.
Aftermath
The muslims of the kingdom of Valencia suffered for a variety of reasons. The warfare with Muslim corsairs kept tensions high between the religions and encouraged a hostile mentality.
institutions iNDex
- Definition - Councils
Local goverments
- The supreme power outside Castile
Institutions
- Charles was assited by:Collaborators & Close relatives.
Those take decisions for him.
- Boundaries Were different from each
- Institutions other, so that was what make
- Laws so complex rulling this empire.
- Another coauncils with even more specific matters were: -Council of Indias
- Charles begun to create councils specialized in specific goverment matters.- some were in charge of specific territories matters, like : - Aragon, inherited of Ferdinand - Flanders,inherited from his paternal grandmother ,Mary of Burgundy - Italy: led in Military by Charles V and in the rest Massimiliano Stampe. -The Royal Council of Castile, the head of the state.
-Council of Finance
- Council of Military Orders
- Council of War
-Council of the Inquisition
The Council of Indias
Causes of its creation: -By the importance of the Americas - For dealing with the complexities of Castile´s overseas possesions.
Consequences: - By the quantity of problems the create Audiencias:high courts in charge of administrate justice
The Council of Finnace
Causes of its creation: - The Spanish price revolution - The ensurment of resources by the same auxiliar at finance as his grandfather Maximilian.
Consequences : - Make correct decisions, in order to spend less o more money.
The Council of Military Orders
Causes : - Rebellions -The creation of the private army of Charles.
Consequences :- The high prices of the upkeep and the organisation of the armys.
The Council of War
Causes: New financial system, led Charles maintain a vast Imperial army of :- German lordsknechts (bulk of the army) - Spanish tercios - Burgundian knights - Italian condottieri
Consequences: - A poweful army in case of war. -The posibility to maintain our territories like in the war against france for our Italian territories.
The Council of the Inquisition
Cause:Pope Sixtus IV,led the Catholic kings religious authority over their people.
Consequences:- Faith of Catholic people , increase by the interference of the Cruch in : -Social matters - Civil
The supreme power outside Castile
To maintain a costal defense against the Babarian Pirates , without deploying an army , Ferdinand (The Catholic), gave germanies permission to : - Arm themselves - Form its own paramilitary brigade.
Charles: - support Castile in all military needs after Rebellions - Gavethem :- civil & judicial authority.
Outside the Peninsula, they established viceroyalties, .Viceroyalties under reign of Charles V:
Viceroy, highest authority of the Crown of Aragon.
- Naples: 1527-1528, Hugo of Moncada 1528-1530,Philibertof Chaton 1532-1553,Pedro Alvarez de Toledo
- America: 1535-1550, Antinio de Mendoza 1550-1564, LUis de Velasco
- Sicily :1535-1546 Ferrante Gonzaya 1547-1557 Juan de Vega
The Courts : Were held in : Castile Arargon Valencia Catalonia
They had a statutory character.
Its relevance was declaning, until its convocations became, a mere economic subsidy in the eyes of the king.
- Local goverments: Entrusted into:- Councils -Cabildos
- Municipal goverments:led by mayors and aldermen
- Corregidores: the King´s Reprentative
Goverments : were run by the Oligarchy of the towns themselves
Main events of the foreign Policy
0.Introduction
1 Wars with France
2 War with the Protestant princes
3 The Turkish
4. Introduction of the colonization Empires
Aztec
5 Inca and Empires
Introduction of the Foreign Policy :
The hierarchy was composed by: - Pope - Charles V
Charles thought that the Spanish Empire has a huge mission: - The maintain of a Cristian & Universal Monarchy.
They faced triple threat from:- The Lust of France - The Protestant princes - The Turks
His ideological way of thinking cost him continuous :- Wars & Conflicts.
He take more importance to his emperor tittle tahn being King King of Spain.
This Imperial idea led to three wras over his possesions in Europe.
First War with France: Precedent of the Middle Ages.
France was isolated from : - East( Spain possesions) - West( England allied with Spain, due to marriage: Catherine,daughters CK and Henry VIII)
The war broke out for two reasons :- Control of Italian Peninsula - Struggle for : - Flandres - Burgundy
- Charles V - Francis I
Clashed as their inspirations coincided
Charles V faced Three wars with France :- First War : 1521-1525 - Frenchs invaded: Navarre & Milan - It ended with the Spanish victory of Pavia, were Francis I was taken prisioner.
The control of the Duchy of Milan was fundamental for Emperors.It was the key of communications between Imperial domains : North & South of the Alps.
had place in 1526.
The treaty of Madrid :
After Francis I was taken prisoner their transfered him to Madrid, where he remained, imprisioned until , the treaty was signed (1526)by the Frenchs.
In these treaty he signed that once he was liberated he need to: - Return Burgundy to Charles V - Renounce any right over the Peninsula - Renounce any right over the Italian Peninsula
But, once he was realised, he return to France & there, he reneged on what he had signed.
The Second War :
With the Pope coming to support France , Charles decided to made the Sacking of Rome with the imperial troops (1527).
France were in : - Italy - Netherlands
The war , once again favorable to Spain , ended with the Peace of Combray. It consisted on: Charles V had to renounced the Duchy of Burgundy & Francis I had to renounced all claims for Italy.
( As culmination of his triuhmp, the Pope solemnly crowned Charles V Emperor in Bologna)
The third war :
Had several episodes, which ended with the Peace of Crépy, as Charles V was forced to concentrated his efforts against: - the Protestants princes
This phase, the last of the wars with France took place with his son, Phillip II, who with his father won the victory of ST. Quentin in 1557.
Introduction of the colonization Empires :
Durign his reign his realms expanded by the Spanish conquest of : - The Aztecs - The Incas
Empires, by the Spanish conquerors: - Hernan Cortes - Francisco Pizarro
The Spanish conquest of The Inca Empire :
Known as the conquest of Peru.
- 168 soldiers under Francisco Pizarro control , along with the indigenous allies, captured the Inca Atahualpa, in the Battle of Cajamarca.1532
- Form part of a long campaign, that took decades of continuous fights, but ended with the Spanish victory in 1572 & the colonization of the reign as the viceroyalt of Peru.
- The conquest of the Inca Empire in Quechua led us what nowadays are the territories of:
- Columbia
- Chile
- One of the most important campaigns of Spain colonization in America.
- After years of :
- preliminary exploration
- military skirmishes
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire: Know as the Conquest of Mexico
Main events:-The agreement between Aztec tributaries & their rivals with the Spaniards, after they been defeated. - Conquest of Tenochlitlan by these combined forces.
The secularisation of the church property by the Protestant princess provoked the military confrontation between-->-Catholicism -Protestantism Became more acute when the prince of the German Lutheron states united in the Smalkalda League and waged Several wars against the imperialt troops, with mixed results. The Germans were divided by France following several Spanish victories (Battle of Mulhberg) it failed to put an end to the problem. That was where the Germans were finally defeated and in 1550 we would led the Peace of Ausburg.
War with Germany
It took place on two fronts.Firstly: wars--> Religion against the Protestants who had broken the Catholic unity. Secondly: War with the German princes who wanted -Religions -Political freedom
They were also granted religious freedom, (each prince could choose religion to be practised in his status, but not the citizens, who were obligated to practise the religion of their prince).This was the definitive religiuos division of Europe.
War with the turks
The turks hap put on end to the Byzantine Empire (1453) and since then, they had been pursuing a policity of expansion in north Africa and estern Europe, even enclangening Austrian territories.Charles V, felt doubly Threathed by: - His status s German Emperor for his : - Aragonese - Castilian Possesions in Italy
The navigation of Turks ships in Mediterranean territoties afected us : Economically , Socially & Politically. But latter we ended this conflict by the Imperial army, that fought against them
economy index
1. Economy of aztec
2. Economy of incas
4. Coins
3. Price revolution
coins
From 1497 the coins were called ducats, there were silver and gold coins. They were divided into 1/2 ducat, 2 and 4 ducats, there were also, although very scarse, 20, 50 and 100 ducats, the last three being more for commemorative purposes than for payment. The moulds from which the ducats were made in Zaragoza, valencia and Mallorca. In the Catalan area the were made were called principats. it is gold coin the places were they were used were Barcelona and Perpignan. With the passage of time it stopped being called a ducat and was replaced by the coat of arms in 1535, as the french and the Italians wanted their coins to melt them as they had a higher percentage of gold, he made new coins with the same coat of arms that these coins had. The shield would be marketed in Burgos, Cuenca, Segovia,Seville and Toledo. It would be of 22 carats and 3,38 gr. In Valencia it was replaced by the crown of 3,25gr and 22 carats.
price revolution
It was an exaggerated inflation that ocurred in Europe during the years 1501-1650 and lasted for 150 years. Cause: Colonization of america and the explotation of natural resources. Martin de Azplicueta from the university of Salamanca sait that as there were so many precious metals, mainly gold and silver, the prices increased because of the amount of resources they had. It is assumed that this was during the price revolution and that the increase in money supply in the from of precious led to the increase in prices. The precious metals involved were: It was mainly money that caused prices to rises (inflation)
price revolution
Gold:
Silver: could be taken from two places. 1- of Peru, America in the Potosi mine. 2- Fom central Europe.
Consequences: Raw materials and possibly labour costs, increased the difference between Spain and other areas of Europe was a loss of competitiveness due to the difference in price increases.
economy of aztecs
The aztec economy was based in agriculture and trade. Agriculture: have a great variety of fruit and vegetables, such as chili papers, beans,pumpkins and tomatoes, is necesary for the high number of inhabitants in the empire. is considerate the most indigenous of america. Trade: trading with other regions by merchants, who traveled long distances for example 500km away from the aztec capital. in order to trade "primitive coins" were used such cacao seeds and Quetzal feathers. the aztec economy is very simple because is based of trading was highlyefficient and maintained great stability
economy of incas
They live a tradicional economy in which households were required to pay taxes, usually in the form of the mit'a corvee labor, and military obligations, though barter was present in some areas, in return the state provided security, food in times hardship throu the supply of emergency resources. Agricultural projects to increase productivity. System of ecological complementarity in accesing resources.
Society index
1. Inca Empire Society
5.Clothes
6. Music
2. Aztec Empire Society
7. Type of dances
3. Social pyramid
8. Religion
4. Hidalgos
Inca Empire society
-The empire was linguistically diverse, the most important languages were: Quechua, Aymara, Puquina and Mochica.-The age of marriage was different for men (20) and women (16) -Also male and female roles were considered equal in Inca society, because they saw the two genders as complementary parts of a whole. Men carried firewood , built houses and participated in combat while women in the other hand took care of the children, cooked, carried the water and prepared the fields fo cultivation.
Aztec Empire society
-Religion was a very important part of Aztec culture as they believed in many different gods.-The Aztec was fundamentally a culture based on a war and agriculature. -They also celebrated public ritual practices that could involve--> Food, storytelling, dance, and sometimes human sacrifice.-The aftermath of the Spanish conquest was the Aztecs' struggle to preserve their cultural identity.
Privileged
Modern age : Social pyramid
-Non-privileged people pay taxes -Privileged people : don't pay taxes & couldn't work
King
Non- Privileged
Nobles and Church Officials
Knights andVassals
Serfs and Peasants
Hidalgos: type of nobility. The term included the lower ranking gentry, the untitled lower stratum of the nobility who were exempted from taxes. They couln't work and didn't have the money.
-Society was very vague and there were money crises.
How did they dress in the modern age?
In this century they stand out as men's clothes
Examples:
-French jackets -Suckers -Knee-high skinny breeches -Ties -Wigs -Big hats
Modern age music
It was characterized by the creation of new genres and styles, such as opera, instrumental music and sacred music.
Some of the instruments they used were: -Violin -Viola -Cello -Bass -Oboe -Harp -Piano -etc...
Types of dances in the modern age
Normally they were mixed couple dances, the opposite of the medieval dances that were danced in a circle.
What did they dance to?
In the fourteenth century classical tunes were normally used for the court as it was used to persuade. And in the fifteenth century happy tunes were used for the medieval age as they celebrated dancing.
Religion changes in the modern age
During the Modern Age Luther's Protestant Reformation occurred, dividing religion into:-Catholicism -and Protestantism Founded by Martin Luther There were also other religions such as--> Christians, Jews and Muslims
Conclusions
Policy Conclusion:
- With him the house of Austria , began to reign Spain.
- The era of the Spanish Empire began :
- Went through a period of boom and splender i n 16 century& lasted until 18 century.
- These were the Golden Age centurys with:
- The flourishing culture as the expasion in political & cultural power.
- the huge Importance of the Catholicism in his Empire.
- Continuous wars outside & inseide because their many borders an political difficulties at the time of running an Empire.
Conclusion of Economy:
Money comes by public finances, since, by the americas colonization.American Gold & Silver introduced new taxes , but also new resources of money to be invested in: Changes in organization and maintainced of Charles v pravite army The paidment and creation of new debts with more European banks.
Conclusion of Society
The enormoous inflation from the arrival of the metals from American mines.Despite this, population and economy grew until middle of the century. Key sectors: -Agriculture (Supplied American market) -Production -Export Seville, due to its role in trade with America, it became first Europe's most active trading cities. The last monarch of the Hasburg dynasty was Charles II, who died in 1700.
Wool, Basque Ironshipbuilding industry in Andalusia
links to quotations policy
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#Europe
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros#Pardon_of_1522
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Brotherhoods
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Charles_V
- https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Inquisition-Key-Facts
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_Naples
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_Sicily
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_New_Spain#Viceroys_of_New_Spain_(1535%E2%80%931821)
- https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4791/m2/1/high_res_d/thesis.pdf
- https://www.emperorcharlesv.com/charles-v-world/charles-v-wars-france/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1557)
- https://www.emperorcharlesv.com/charles-v-world/charles-finances/
links to quotations economy
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_Empire#Economy
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros
- https://mayor25.com/noticias/monedas-de-oro-de-carlos-i/
- https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_de_los_precios#
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Prehispanic_Mexico#Aztecs
links to quotations society
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidalgo_(nobility)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era
https://www.libertyparkmusic.com/the-modern-period/
THanks for your attention
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Transcript
CHARLES I OF sPAIN AND v Of GERMANY
Of the Habsburg dynasty
Modern age
The division of the Empire of Charles (I & V)
Society
Economy
Policy
There are two divisions :
Main division:
Main division :
- Aztec &Inca Empires
- Economy of aztec and Inca - Revolution Prices -Coins
_ Social pyramid & Hidalgos
- Clothes
- Music & dances
- Religion
Domestic policy
Introduction
Consequences
Causes
Reforms in the political system, replacing problematic officials 1. Judicial functions were limited
- The lack of identification in various sectors in the political orinetation of th new king.(political inestability)
- Social
& Conflicts Anti- seignorialAt the beginning of the reign, were 2 rebellions:
The maintenance and an increase of power given to The Courts. Reinforce on the oversea territories after RCVM.
7. Lorem ipsum
5. Lorem ipsum
8. Lorem ipsum
Main events in the domestic POlicy
1. Rebellion of the Communities of Castile
2. Rebellion of the Communities of Valencia and Mallorca
3. Institutions
iNDex :
- Born : 24 February 1500.
- Place : Prinsenhof of Ghert, Flanders, what nowadays is Belgium.
- Regent : Cardenal Jimenez de Cisneros. - Born : 1436 in Torrelaguna. - Died : 1517 died on the way to visit Charles after his coronation.
- Died : 21 September 1558. - Place : The Monastery of Yuste.
Its burial : take place the 22 September 1558 on the Escorial.
- 1526 : he was married with Isabella of Portugal.- 1539 : she dies because of malaria.
- Illegitimate : - Margaret, Duchess of Florence and Parma - John of Austria
- Descendants: - Legitimate : - Philip II of Spain - Maria, Holy Roman Empress -Joanna, Princess of Portugal
Philip II of Spain
- He was the one who Charles,abdicate the crown to,in the 25 October 1555.
Family tree
Maximilian I & Mary of Burgundy
Ferdinand & Isabelle
Phillip I
Joanna
Isabelle of Portugal & Charles V
Phillip II os Spain Maria, Holy Empress Joanna , Princess of Portugal
Family Inheritances :
- The authoritary monarchy of the CK, led to began : The Modern Age.
Thanks to his inmense inheritance , he became one of the most poweful monarchs.
At a young age , he owned :
- In Spain: Castile , Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Sardinia , Roussillon and Cerdanya. - Part of America.
- As an inheritance of the CK , his paternal grandparents.
As an inheritance from Maximilian of Austria, his paternal grandfather.
- Austria- Germany
- Netherlands- Flanders - Franche-Comté
As an inheritance from Mary of Burgundy, his paternal grandmother.
The union of these two territoies was labelled
The empire on which the sun never sets
The comuneros revolt
From 1520 to 1522, at the beginning of the heign of Charles I . The war began when Charles came to reclaim thir Hispanic lands without even speaking spanish so they did not belive he was fit to rule them. Was divided into two camps, those who were with the king (the high nobility, the kingdom of granada and the kingdom of Andalucia) and those were against the king on 23 april 1521 the goverment staged a coup detat and that same day they decapited the communist leaders (Padilla, Bravo and Maldonado ) only Toledo remained standing, although almost a year later they sumrendered. What happened after the war: Charles I returned to Spain on 16 july 1522 and installed the court in Palencia. Made a general pardon, however he expelled from this pardon 293 communumal people belonging to different social classes. 100 people were executed in total. Consequences: The fundamental consequences were that thy were left without a political elite, they had to pay everyone in the form of taxes and thereforce they had special taxes as compensation for that happened to then because of the war.
Revolt of Brotherhoods
-The Revolt of Brotherhoods happened from 1519 to 1523.
-The revolt was anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the italian republics.(It also bore anti-islamic aspect).
Economic troubles and pirate raids
-The government slowly decayed and became more corrupt. -Spanish relations with Muslim nations and North Africa were still esceedingly poor. -The coast of Aragon was constantly raided by Barbary pirates.
Aftermath
The muslims of the kingdom of Valencia suffered for a variety of reasons. The warfare with Muslim corsairs kept tensions high between the religions and encouraged a hostile mentality.
Revolt of Brotherhoods
-The Revolt of Brotherhoods happened from 1519 to 1523.
-The revolt was anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the italian republics.(It also bore anti-islamic aspect).
Economic troubles and pirate raids
-The government slowly decayed and became more corrupt. -Spanish relations with Muslim nations and North Africa were still esceedingly poor. -The coast of Aragon was constantly raided by Barbary pirates.
Aftermath
The muslims of the kingdom of Valencia suffered for a variety of reasons. The warfare with Muslim corsairs kept tensions high between the religions and encouraged a hostile mentality.
institutions iNDex
- Definition - Councils
Local goverments
- The supreme power outside Castile
Institutions
- Charles was assited by:Collaborators & Close relatives.
Those take decisions for him.
- Another coauncils with even more specific matters were: -Council of Indias
- Charles begun to create councils specialized in specific goverment matters.- some were in charge of specific territories matters, like : - Aragon, inherited of Ferdinand - Flanders,inherited from his paternal grandmother ,Mary of Burgundy - Italy: led in Military by Charles V and in the rest Massimiliano Stampe. -The Royal Council of Castile, the head of the state.
-Council of Finance
- Council of Military Orders
- Council of War
-Council of the Inquisition
The Council of Indias
Causes of its creation: -By the importance of the Americas - For dealing with the complexities of Castile´s overseas possesions.
Consequences: - By the quantity of problems the create Audiencias:high courts in charge of administrate justice
The Council of Finnace
Causes of its creation: - The Spanish price revolution - The ensurment of resources by the same auxiliar at finance as his grandfather Maximilian.
Consequences : - Make correct decisions, in order to spend less o more money.
The Council of Military Orders
Causes : - Rebellions -The creation of the private army of Charles.
Consequences :- The high prices of the upkeep and the organisation of the armys.
The Council of War
Causes: New financial system, led Charles maintain a vast Imperial army of :- German lordsknechts (bulk of the army) - Spanish tercios - Burgundian knights - Italian condottieri
Consequences: - A poweful army in case of war. -The posibility to maintain our territories like in the war against france for our Italian territories.
The Council of the Inquisition
Cause:Pope Sixtus IV,led the Catholic kings religious authority over their people.
Consequences:- Faith of Catholic people , increase by the interference of the Cruch in : -Social matters - Civil
The supreme power outside Castile
To maintain a costal defense against the Babarian Pirates , without deploying an army , Ferdinand (The Catholic), gave germanies permission to : - Arm themselves - Form its own paramilitary brigade.
Charles: - support Castile in all military needs after Rebellions - Gavethem :- civil & judicial authority.
Outside the Peninsula, they established viceroyalties, .Viceroyalties under reign of Charles V:
Viceroy, highest authority of the Crown of Aragon.
- Naples: 1527-1528, Hugo of Moncada 1528-1530,Philibertof Chaton 1532-1553,Pedro Alvarez de Toledo
- America: 1535-1550, Antinio de Mendoza 1550-1564, LUis de Velasco
- Sicily :1535-1546 Ferrante Gonzaya 1547-1557 Juan de Vega
The Courts : Were held in : Castile Arargon Valencia Catalonia
They had a statutory character.
Its relevance was declaning, until its convocations became, a mere economic subsidy in the eyes of the king.
- Local goverments: Entrusted into:- Councils -Cabildos
- Municipal goverments:led by mayors and aldermen
- Corregidores: the King´s Reprentative
Goverments : were run by the Oligarchy of the towns themselves
Main events of the foreign Policy
0.Introduction
1 Wars with France
2 War with the Protestant princes
3 The Turkish
4. Introduction of the colonization Empires
Aztec
5 Inca and Empires
Introduction of the Foreign Policy :
The hierarchy was composed by: - Pope - Charles V
Charles thought that the Spanish Empire has a huge mission: - The maintain of a Cristian & Universal Monarchy.
They faced triple threat from:- The Lust of France - The Protestant princes - The Turks
His ideological way of thinking cost him continuous :- Wars & Conflicts.
He take more importance to his emperor tittle tahn being King King of Spain.
This Imperial idea led to three wras over his possesions in Europe.
First War with France: Precedent of the Middle Ages.
France was isolated from : - East( Spain possesions) - West( England allied with Spain, due to marriage: Catherine,daughters CK and Henry VIII)
The war broke out for two reasons :- Control of Italian Peninsula - Struggle for : - Flandres - Burgundy
- Charles V - Francis I
Clashed as their inspirations coincided
Charles V faced Three wars with France :- First War : 1521-1525 - Frenchs invaded: Navarre & Milan - It ended with the Spanish victory of Pavia, were Francis I was taken prisioner.
The control of the Duchy of Milan was fundamental for Emperors.It was the key of communications between Imperial domains : North & South of the Alps.
had place in 1526.
The treaty of Madrid :
After Francis I was taken prisoner their transfered him to Madrid, where he remained, imprisioned until , the treaty was signed (1526)by the Frenchs.
In these treaty he signed that once he was liberated he need to: - Return Burgundy to Charles V - Renounce any right over the Peninsula - Renounce any right over the Italian Peninsula
But, once he was realised, he return to France & there, he reneged on what he had signed.
The Second War :
With the Pope coming to support France , Charles decided to made the Sacking of Rome with the imperial troops (1527).
France were in : - Italy - Netherlands
The war , once again favorable to Spain , ended with the Peace of Combray. It consisted on: Charles V had to renounced the Duchy of Burgundy & Francis I had to renounced all claims for Italy.
( As culmination of his triuhmp, the Pope solemnly crowned Charles V Emperor in Bologna)
The third war :
Had several episodes, which ended with the Peace of Crépy, as Charles V was forced to concentrated his efforts against: - the Protestants princes
This phase, the last of the wars with France took place with his son, Phillip II, who with his father won the victory of ST. Quentin in 1557.
Introduction of the colonization Empires :
Durign his reign his realms expanded by the Spanish conquest of : - The Aztecs - The Incas
Empires, by the Spanish conquerors: - Hernan Cortes - Francisco Pizarro
The Spanish conquest of The Inca Empire :
Known as the conquest of Peru.
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire: Know as the Conquest of Mexico
Main events:-The agreement between Aztec tributaries & their rivals with the Spaniards, after they been defeated. - Conquest of Tenochlitlan by these combined forces.
The secularisation of the church property by the Protestant princess provoked the military confrontation between-->-Catholicism -Protestantism Became more acute when the prince of the German Lutheron states united in the Smalkalda League and waged Several wars against the imperialt troops, with mixed results. The Germans were divided by France following several Spanish victories (Battle of Mulhberg) it failed to put an end to the problem. That was where the Germans were finally defeated and in 1550 we would led the Peace of Ausburg.
War with Germany
It took place on two fronts.Firstly: wars--> Religion against the Protestants who had broken the Catholic unity. Secondly: War with the German princes who wanted -Religions -Political freedom
They were also granted religious freedom, (each prince could choose religion to be practised in his status, but not the citizens, who were obligated to practise the religion of their prince).This was the definitive religiuos division of Europe.
War with the turks
The turks hap put on end to the Byzantine Empire (1453) and since then, they had been pursuing a policity of expansion in north Africa and estern Europe, even enclangening Austrian territories.Charles V, felt doubly Threathed by: - His status s German Emperor for his : - Aragonese - Castilian Possesions in Italy
The navigation of Turks ships in Mediterranean territoties afected us : Economically , Socially & Politically. But latter we ended this conflict by the Imperial army, that fought against them
economy index
1. Economy of aztec
2. Economy of incas
4. Coins
3. Price revolution
coins
From 1497 the coins were called ducats, there were silver and gold coins. They were divided into 1/2 ducat, 2 and 4 ducats, there were also, although very scarse, 20, 50 and 100 ducats, the last three being more for commemorative purposes than for payment. The moulds from which the ducats were made in Zaragoza, valencia and Mallorca. In the Catalan area the were made were called principats. it is gold coin the places were they were used were Barcelona and Perpignan. With the passage of time it stopped being called a ducat and was replaced by the coat of arms in 1535, as the french and the Italians wanted their coins to melt them as they had a higher percentage of gold, he made new coins with the same coat of arms that these coins had. The shield would be marketed in Burgos, Cuenca, Segovia,Seville and Toledo. It would be of 22 carats and 3,38 gr. In Valencia it was replaced by the crown of 3,25gr and 22 carats.
price revolution
It was an exaggerated inflation that ocurred in Europe during the years 1501-1650 and lasted for 150 years. Cause: Colonization of america and the explotation of natural resources. Martin de Azplicueta from the university of Salamanca sait that as there were so many precious metals, mainly gold and silver, the prices increased because of the amount of resources they had. It is assumed that this was during the price revolution and that the increase in money supply in the from of precious led to the increase in prices. The precious metals involved were: It was mainly money that caused prices to rises (inflation)
price revolution
Gold:
Silver: could be taken from two places. 1- of Peru, America in the Potosi mine. 2- Fom central Europe.
Consequences: Raw materials and possibly labour costs, increased the difference between Spain and other areas of Europe was a loss of competitiveness due to the difference in price increases.
economy of aztecs
The aztec economy was based in agriculture and trade. Agriculture: have a great variety of fruit and vegetables, such as chili papers, beans,pumpkins and tomatoes, is necesary for the high number of inhabitants in the empire. is considerate the most indigenous of america. Trade: trading with other regions by merchants, who traveled long distances for example 500km away from the aztec capital. in order to trade "primitive coins" were used such cacao seeds and Quetzal feathers. the aztec economy is very simple because is based of trading was highlyefficient and maintained great stability
economy of incas
They live a tradicional economy in which households were required to pay taxes, usually in the form of the mit'a corvee labor, and military obligations, though barter was present in some areas, in return the state provided security, food in times hardship throu the supply of emergency resources. Agricultural projects to increase productivity. System of ecological complementarity in accesing resources.
Society index
1. Inca Empire Society
5.Clothes
6. Music
2. Aztec Empire Society
7. Type of dances
3. Social pyramid
8. Religion
4. Hidalgos
Inca Empire society
-The empire was linguistically diverse, the most important languages were: Quechua, Aymara, Puquina and Mochica.-The age of marriage was different for men (20) and women (16) -Also male and female roles were considered equal in Inca society, because they saw the two genders as complementary parts of a whole. Men carried firewood , built houses and participated in combat while women in the other hand took care of the children, cooked, carried the water and prepared the fields fo cultivation.
Aztec Empire society
-Religion was a very important part of Aztec culture as they believed in many different gods.-The Aztec was fundamentally a culture based on a war and agriculature. -They also celebrated public ritual practices that could involve--> Food, storytelling, dance, and sometimes human sacrifice.-The aftermath of the Spanish conquest was the Aztecs' struggle to preserve their cultural identity.
Privileged
Modern age : Social pyramid
-Non-privileged people pay taxes -Privileged people : don't pay taxes & couldn't work
King
Non- Privileged
Nobles and Church Officials
Knights andVassals
Serfs and Peasants
Hidalgos: type of nobility. The term included the lower ranking gentry, the untitled lower stratum of the nobility who were exempted from taxes. They couln't work and didn't have the money.
-Society was very vague and there were money crises.
How did they dress in the modern age?
In this century they stand out as men's clothes
Examples:
-French jackets -Suckers -Knee-high skinny breeches -Ties -Wigs -Big hats
Modern age music
It was characterized by the creation of new genres and styles, such as opera, instrumental music and sacred music.
Some of the instruments they used were: -Violin -Viola -Cello -Bass -Oboe -Harp -Piano -etc...
Types of dances in the modern age
Normally they were mixed couple dances, the opposite of the medieval dances that were danced in a circle.
What did they dance to?
In the fourteenth century classical tunes were normally used for the court as it was used to persuade. And in the fifteenth century happy tunes were used for the medieval age as they celebrated dancing.
Religion changes in the modern age
During the Modern Age Luther's Protestant Reformation occurred, dividing religion into:-Catholicism -and Protestantism Founded by Martin Luther There were also other religions such as--> Christians, Jews and Muslims
Conclusions
Policy Conclusion:
Conclusion of Economy:
Money comes by public finances, since, by the americas colonization.American Gold & Silver introduced new taxes , but also new resources of money to be invested in: Changes in organization and maintainced of Charles v pravite army The paidment and creation of new debts with more European banks.
Conclusion of Society
The enormoous inflation from the arrival of the metals from American mines.Despite this, population and economy grew until middle of the century. Key sectors: -Agriculture (Supplied American market) -Production -Export Seville, due to its role in trade with America, it became first Europe's most active trading cities. The last monarch of the Hasburg dynasty was Charles II, who died in 1700.
Wool, Basque Ironshipbuilding industry in Andalusia
links to quotations policy
links to quotations economy
links to quotations society
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidalgo_(nobility)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era
https://www.libertyparkmusic.com/the-modern-period/
THanks for your attention
Made by:- Patricia - Maria josé -Gabriela