TENSES

tenses

tenses

Past Simple

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Future Simple

Past Continuous

Be Going To

Past Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Cont.

Present Perfect Simple

Future Perfect Simple

11

10

Past Perfect Cont.

Future Continuous

12

present simple

present simple

1. Habitual actions and routines.
2. Permanent situations.
3. Universal Truths.
4. Timetables

We go out every Saturday night.He lives in Greece. The Earth goes around the sun. The lessons start at 8.15

- Bare form - -s/es (3rd person singular) - Do(n't)/does(n't)

-o, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x = -es (does) vowel + y = -s (says) consonant + y = -ies (studies)

have got/to be/modal verbs DO/DOES

FREQUENCY ADVERBS AND TIME EXPRESSIONS

sometimes, at 1 o'clock, at night, in the morning, on Sundays, once a week, twice a month... He usually comments on the posts he likes. Mary is always thoughtful towards her friends. They hang out together every weekend. HOW OFTEN...? How often do you play basketball?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

1. Something happening now.
2. Temporary situations.
3. Something already arranged.

"Look! They're coming out of the cinema now". He's living in France this year. My friends are leaving for London tomorrow.

am/is/are + -ing am/is/are + not + -ing am/is/are + subject + -ing + ?

ride - riding -ie die - dying run - running refer - referring ; admit - admitting

now, right now, at the moment, this year, at present, this evening, tonight, tomorrow, next Friday...

stative verbs

feelings

thought & opinion

perception and senses

believe, forget, guess, know, remember, think, understand, ...

feel, hear, see, smell, sound, taste, touch, ...

dislike, enjoy, hate, hope, like , love, need, prefer, want, ...

possession

prices & measures

belong, have, own, ...

cost, measure, weigh, ...

Will thinks it's important to express your feelings They are thinking about taking it over later

past simple

past simple

1. Completed action in the past.
2. Consecutive completed actions in the past.

I went to a concert last night. The thief went into the bank, pulled out a gun and pointed it at the cashier.

-ed - irregular form - did/didn't

prove - proved play - played carry - carried stop - stopped admit - admitted ; prefer- preferred

yesterday, last week/month/year, two days ago, in 2007, in the 1980s, when, then, ago, ...

past continuous

past continuous

1. An incomplete action in progress at a specific time in the past.
2. An incomplete action interrupted by another.
3. Simultaneous actions in the past.

They were watching a film at 10 o'clock. I was driving when I had a punture. I was digging the garden while John was painting.

was/were + -ing wasn't/weren't + -ing was/were + subject + -ing + ?

last night,/week/year/ at 4 o'clock, when, while, as, ...

future simple

future simple

1. Predictions.
2. Spontaneous decisions.
3. Offers.
4. Promises.
5. Opinions.
6. Timetables.

I am not sure whether Paul will come. I' will have a coke, please. The train will leave at 5 o'clock.

will + bare infinitive will not/won't + infinitive No auxiliaries for questions!

this evening, in an hour, at 3 o'clock, later, tomorrow, next month, in a few weeks, in the future, ...'

be going to

be going to

1. Predictions with evidence.
2. Plans and intentions.

I'm going to buy a new car next month. Look at those clouds. It's going to rain!

am/is/are + going to + verb am/is/are not + going to + verb am/is/are + subject + going to + verb + ?

this evening, later, in an hour, at 4 o'clock, tomorrow, soon, next month, in a few weeks, ...'

present perfect simple

present perfect simple

1. Unfinished actions.
2. Present result.
3. Life experiences.

I have lived here for 20 years. Oh no! I 've forgotten my keys. She has travelled to India twice.

have/has + past participle haven't/hasn't + past participle have/has + subject + past participle + ... ?

ever, never, yet, just, already, recently, lately,how long...? for, since, in recent years, ...

the present perfect with already, just, still, and yet

present perfect cont.

present perfect cont.

1. Action up to the present. We emphasize the duration.

Jane has been working here for five years.I'm so tired because I've been studying all night.

have/has + been + -ing haven't/hasn't + been + -ing have/has + subject + been + -ing + ...?

past perfect simple

past perfect simple

had + past participle hadn't + past participle had + subject + past participle + ...?

1. A completed action which took place before another action in the past.

I went back home because I had forgotten my keys.

already, by the time, after, before, until, never, just, ...

10

past perfect cont.

past perfect continuous

1. Action up to another past action. We emphasize the duration of the action.

We had been travelling for two hours when it started to rain.

had + been + -ing hadn't been + -ing had + subject + been + -ing + ...?

11

future perfect simple

future perfect simple

An action that will or that we expect will be completed by a certain time in the future. "In three years, I will have saved enough money to buy a new car"

will + have + past participle won't + have + past participle will+ subject + have + past participle + ?

By this time next week, by 3 o'clock, by the end of, by then, by August, by 2050, in four months, within a hundred years, ...

12

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

An action that will be or that we expect will be in progress at a certain future time. At this time tomorrow, I will be attending a high-tech exhibition.

will + be + verb -ing won't + be + verb -ing will + subject + be + verb -ing + ?

(at) this time tomorrow, next ..., on Thursday, in the next decade, fifty years from now, ...