(2º ESO) SA 1: Scientific method, units and measurements

Sa 1: scientific method 2º Eso

help einstein! einstein was rocking his chair and fell. Now he has hit his head and can´t remember how to make new discoveries. Help einstein find a way to organize his research...

Sciences

• Physics is the science that studies the processes which affect matter but do not change its compositions. E.g. Motion.
• Chemistry is the science that studies the processes which affect matter and do change its compositions, generating new substances.
• Other scientific disciplines are biology, geology and astronomy.

Science

Is what we know about the world as a result of observation and experimentation to reach conclusions. The main purpose of science is to understand the structure of the Universe and the laws that are responsible for natural phenomena.

Pseudocience

"False science" is an idea that looks like science, but is not. Pseudoscience may fail one or more parts of science.

Differences between pseudoscience and science

• Pseudoscientific ideas are not tested, or can not be tested (i.e. not testable)
• Science ideas are tested, and are testable.

• Pseudoscientific ideas are not based on facts
• Science is based on facts and observations.

scientific method

Observation

Observe and study an event.

Construction of a hypothesis

Once we have studied the problem, we think of its possible logical causes.

Experimentation:

Design an experiment to reproduce the problem following the hypothesis.

Analysis of the results

We analyse the results of the experiments to deduce which hypothesis is the correct one

Conclusions

The experiment can support the hypothesis as true, or the experiment can disprove the hypothesis as false

SCIENTIFIC TABLE EXERCISE

Fill in the table. Send through classroom

Questions

Exercise 1

Mike and Eli collected evidence during an experiment. They made this table of their measurements:

Physical and chemical changes

• Physical changes: After the change we still have the same substance.

• Chemical changes: The substance at the end is different from the one at the beginning

Exercise 2

Units and measurements

• A quantity is something that you can measure. For example: mass or length.

You cannot measure other things such as beauty or love. They are not quantities.

• In physical sciences, you measure different quantities such as length, mass or time.

Each quantity has its own unit of measurement.

International System of units

The units you will use when you measure are called Standard International units of SI. The International System of Units was set up in France in 1960 to make sure that scientists all over the world use the same units to measure.

International System of units

Exercise: create a table with the fundamental units of the si

sEND THROUGH CLASSROOM

Scientific notation.

When we work in science, we sometimes use very large and small numbers.They are difficult to write. To deal better with these numbers, scientists use scientific notation.

Example

Example

EXercise:Write the following numbers in scientific notation:

a) 9000 M/s. b) 0,23000 Km. c) 623000 min. d) 600 m. e) 0,0006 h.

uNIT CONVERSION

uNIT CONVERSION EXAMPLES

Change the following units using conversion factors: a) 230 hL to L. b) 0,8 h to s. c) 5,2 m2 to cm2 d) 56 mg to g. e) 6580 g to Kg h) 6,25 h to min.

Exercises: Change to SI, conversion factors and scientific notation

Project: poster

We have helped Einstein get back to his work knowing how to apply the scientific method. Now, research a ground-breaking discovery in the scientific field of health, space, technology or archaeology. Create a presentation answering to these questions: - What discovery is it? - What changes does it bring to society and how is it structured? - What improvements and future applications can it bring?

Project: poster

how?

Presentation must be 3 minutes long. 1 minute for each of the members of the group Finish your poster: Send the poster through the assignment in google classroom. All members must send the poster!!!!! Presentation of poster: Date of assignment in Classroom

Physics and chemistry 2º Eso

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