Copy - EGYPT PRESENTATION

EGYPT

PRESENTATION

mILITARY INVOLVEMENT AND CIVIL SOCIETY

"Down Down with military rule"

Egypt's long history of military rule

“All of Egypt's past presidents - Naguib, Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak - were former military officers, and they relied on this military legacy to bolster their legitimacy” (Kurtzer and Svenstrup 43)

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The Catch...

“criminalization of public dissent in the name of national security and counterterrorism” (BrechenMacher)

Graphical representation

Graffiti Art

Therefore the result of a repressive regime, particularly on civil society and any dissent, as well as the tight grip of the military on politics and the economy has negatively impacted the political system of Egypt in terms of causing it to entrench the military’s authority consequently straying further from democracy, pushing down on civil society as well as hindering economic development

“robustness of the coercive apparatus is directly linked to maintenance of fiscal health” then “the security establishment is most likely to give up when its financial foundation is seriously compromised”

Bellin

The big pitcutre

C.A

“transition can be carried out successfully only when the state's coercive apparatus lacks the will or capacity to crush it” (Bellin)

Rents

Rents recieved from foreign aid and geostrategic locations

Authoritarianism

hypotheses

recap

military’s economic involvement

Stringent Laws

Use of Rents

the military’s economic involvement, and the almost equivalence of having the power ‘of the purse’ in Egypt

the way leaders use rents to buy the military’s loyalty and therefore resulting in a robust coercive apparatus

Stringent laws, prosecution, and targeting of civil society

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THANK YOU!

Refrences

Aboulenein, A. (2016, October 18). How Egypt’s crackdown on dissent ensnared the country’s top judges. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/egypt-judges/ Bellin, E. (2004). The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Politics, 36(2), 139–157. https://doi.org/10.2307/4150140 BRECHENMACHER, S. (2017). SURVEILLANCE AND STATE CONTROL IN ETHIOPIA. In CIVIL SOCIETY UNDER ASSAULT: Repression and Responses in Russia, Egypt, and Ethiopia (pp. 65–90). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26904.9 Kurtzer, D., & Svenstrup, M. (2012). Egypt’s Entrenched Military. The National Interest, 121, 40–50. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42896548 Marshall, S. (2012). The New Politics of Patronage: The Arms Trade and Clientelism in the Arab World. Sayigh, Y., 2019. Egypt’s Military Now Controls Much of Its Economy. Is This Wise?. United States of America. Retrieved from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/433410/egypts-military-now-controls-much-of-its-economy/1404492/ on 13 Sep 2023. CID: 20.500.12592/02xjt8. Sowers, J. (2007). Why Is Democracy Elusive in the Middle East?

The enduring consolidation of power within the autocratic military in Egypt has further entrenched their authoritarian rule and perpetuated undemocratic practices within the country.

Foreign assistance from other nations has fortified Egypt’s deeply ingrained tyrannical rule and non-democratic conduct.

Egypt’s rentier mentality has become a barrier to achieving democracy.