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Learning Theories 1
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Transcript
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Constructivism
Learning Theories
Maxim Culbeaux Grand Canyon University EDU 522
Behaviorism
Characteristics
Types of Learning
Theorists
* Focuses on changes in behavior
* Emphasizes conditioning behavior and altering the environment to elicit desirable responses from the learner (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017).
* The learner's role is passive: responds to the environmental stimulus (Kay & Kibble, 2016).
Memory
How Learning Occurs
* Teacher-centered: the teacher controls the environment, designs stimuli and reward structures to reinforce desired behaviors and decrease undesired behaviors or responses (Kay & Kibble, 2016).
Cognitivism
Characteristics
Types of Learning
Theorists
*Focus on how knowledge is acquired, constructed, and represented in the mind and subsequently remembered” (Kay & Kibble, 2016).
* The learner's role is active: decides whether the presented information is important and is worthy of storing (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
* The learning outcomes of each student depend on that student's levels of prior knowledge and motivation (Kay & Kibble, 2016).
Memory
How Learning Occurs
* Teacher-centered: information has to be presented in an organized way to achieve the most efficient learning (Clark, 2018b).
Constructivism
Characteristics
Types of Learning
Theorists
* Students create knowledge by actively engaging in their environment.
* Similar to cognitivism, focus is on using schemas to connect new and existing information.
* In addition, includes learners’ experiences in the construction process.
Memory
How Learning Occurs
* Learner-centered:
- students actively construct meaning
- teachers facilitate learning through detailed feedback and guiding questions
Reference: (Clark, 2018c)
References
Clark, K. R. (2018a). Learning Theories: Behaviorism. Radiologic Technology, 90(2), 172–175. Clark, K. R. (2018b). Learning theories: Cognitivism. Radiologic Technology, 90(2), 176–179. Clark, K. R. (2018c). Learning Theories: Constructivism. Radiologic Technology, 90(2), 180–182. Kay, & Kibble, J. (2016). Learning theories 101: application to everyday teaching and scholarship. Advances in Physiology Education, 40(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00132.2015 Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2017). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues, 7/e (7th ed.). Pearson Education.