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vocabulary unit 1
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workshops
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active vocabulary
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sentences
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translation
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prepositions
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America’s culture wars distract from what’s happening beneath them | Gary Gerstle
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Global inequality may be much worse than we think | Jason Hickel
unit 1
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- something that is believed without being questioned or doubted
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an article of faith
- something that is believed without being questioned or doubted
- an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence; conviction, strong belief
- непреложная истина; предмет/догмат/символ веры
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collocations
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an article of faith
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to take smth as to remain to become .... among to hold smth as .... a long-held
an article of faith
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- to deteriorate or cause to deteriorate
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erode
- to deteriorate or cause to deteriorate
- подорвать/ подрывать; разрушать; ослабить; размывать
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collocations
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erode
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confidence/ trust/ power happiness/ popularity morale capacity the foundations/ norms democratic institutions completely/ rapidly
erode
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- treacherous; sneaky and dishonest
- operating or proceeding without being noticed but with serious effect
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insidious
- treacherous; sneaky and dishonest
- operating or proceeding without being noticed but with serious effect
- скрытый, коварный, вероломный, опасный, тлетворный
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collocations
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insidious
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moveintentionsinfluenceeffect form condition tool
insidious
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- to seize (a vehicle) by force or threat of force
- to seize control of
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hijack
- to seize (a vehicle) by force or threat of force
- to seize control of
- захватить/ перехватить, угнать, украсть, похитить/ похищать, взломать, нападать
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collocations
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hijack
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election machines building spotlight presentation ceremony the topic the discussion
hijack
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- at the outer or lower limits; minimal for requirements; almost insufficient
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marginal
- at the outer or lower limits; minimal for requirements; almost insufficient
- маргинальный, предельный, незначительный, крайний, пограничный, второстепенный, малозначащий, минимально эффективный, промежуточный
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collocations
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marginal
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progress/ improvement effect/ impact/ influence gains support strategic significance strategic value role/ risk/ difference
marginal
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- not lasting, permanent, enduring
- lasting only a short time; existing briefly; temporary
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transient
- not lasting, permanent, enduring
- lasting only a short time; existing briefly; temporary
- переходный, преходящий, временный, скоротечный, кратковременный, мимолетный, недолговечный, случайный
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collocations
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transient
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feeling condition methods/ approaches solutions pattern, nature protection, responses
transient
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- opposition; contrast
- the direct opposite
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antithesis
- opposition; contrast
- the direct opposite
- антитеза, антитезис, противоречие, антипод, противоположность, противопоставление, противоположение
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collocations
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antithesis
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right and wrong the current process good governance pluralism American values justice the digital world
antithesis of
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- to produce, cause, or give rise to
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engender
- to produce, cause, or give rise to
- порождать, породить, вызвать
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collocations
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engender
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sanctions public trust battles resentment systemic corruption considerable backlash much criticism
engender
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- the rate or range of occurrence of something
- frequency with which something bad occurs
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incidence
- the rate or range of occurrence of something
- frequency with which something bad occurs
- заболеваемость, частота, распространенность, уровень, распространение,число, случаи, частотность, процент, сфера действия, численность, масштабы
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collocations
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incidence
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increased risks adverse events violent crimes repetitive motions child labor extreme poverty
incidence of
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- a gradual decline, as in quality, serviceability, or vigor
- the process of changing to an inferior state
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deterioration
- a gradual decline, as in quality, serviceability, or vigor
- the process of changing to an inferior state
- ухудшение, износ, обострение, деградация, разрушение, снижение, разложение, изношенность
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collocations
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deterioration deteriorate
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in the condition of the rights and safety has been caused in labour market performance financial/ sharp/ sudden in employment levels in governance/ in standards rapidly
deterioration deteriorate
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- skillful at keeping away from, escaping from, or evading
- difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze
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elusive
- skillful at keeping away from, escaping from, or evading
- difficult to detect or grasp by the mind or analyze
- неуловимый, труднодостижимый, ускользающий, смутный, слабый, недостижимый, уклончивый, иллюзорный, невозможный, неясный, несбыточный
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collocations
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elusive
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criminal/ suspectgoal/ target concept/ quality nature [solution, answer, cure] remains elusive
elusive
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- to cause or involve by necessity or as a consequence
- to impose as a burden
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entail
- to cause or involve by necessity or as a consequence
- to impose as a burden
- повлечь/ влечь за собой, предполагать, вызывать предусматривать, потребовать/ требовать, привести к подразумевать, означать, включать, сопровождаться
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collocations
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entail
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work, effort, thought risk [job, mission, process, trip] entails the job entails recession slow economic growth
entail
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- to take care (of); look after; deal with
- to pay attention; listen or watch attentively; direct one's thought
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attend to
- to take care (of); look after; deal with
- to pay attention; listen or watch attentively; direct one's thought; take seriously; get down to
- уделять внимание, удовлетворять, проявлять вниманиеследить за, заботиться о, обслуживать, обслужить
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collocations
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attend to
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have[business]to attend to affairs to attend to necessities to attend to patient a customer one's duties/ obligations the needs/personal matters
attend to
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- to abstain or refrain from; do without
- to neglect or overlook
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forgo
- to abstain or refrain from; do without
- to neglect or overlook
- отказаться от/ отказываться от; воздержаться от; поступиться
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collocations
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forgo
interest detail equipment/ training bonus/ athletic career employment opportunities any type of social life personal life/ the holiday the ceremonial visit
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forgo
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- to speak damagingly of; criticize in a derogatory manner; defame
- to treat or represent as lacking in value or importance; belittle
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denigrate
- to speak damagingly of; criticize in a derogatory manner; defame
- to treat or represent as lacking in value or importance; belittle
- очернить/ очернять; порочить/ опорочить; принижать/ принизить; дискредитировать, унизить/ унижать
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collocations
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denigrate
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women people political opponents migrants the integrity the democratic foundations the intelligence
denigrate
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- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
- ________
moral
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- crusade
- majority
- climate
- nihilism
- haze
- ozone
- judgment
- decay
- fibre
- duty
- right
- issue
- scruples
- integrity
- standards
moral
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sentences
Private media in Hungary are discriminated against in access to information and government advertising and ____________ as purveyors of “fake news,” the report said.
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Private media in Hungary are discriminated against in access to information and government advertising and denigrated as purveyors of “fake news,” the report said.
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The government assured the public it would have appropriate bodies ________ to the problem immediately.
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The government assured the public it would have appropriate bodies attend to the problem immediately.
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Apple told the government officials in the letter that it found posts on Parler that “encouraged violence, __________ various ethnic groups, races and religions, glorified Nazism, and called for violence.”
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Apple told the government officials in the letter that it found posts on Parler that “encouraged violence, denigrated various ethnic groups, races and religions, glorified Nazism, and called for violence.”
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On federal lands, with few people and little property at risk, firefighters sometimes _________ certain equipment like bulldozers, chainsaws and aircraft.
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On federal lands, with few people and little property at risk, firefighters sometimes forgo certain equipment like bulldozers, chainsaws and aircraft.
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The biggest companies have now shifted focus and resources away from the fight against misinformation, even as new platforms emerged promising ________ policies that moderate content.
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The biggest companies have now shifted focus and resources away from the fight against misinformation, even as new platforms emerged promising to forgo policies that moderate content.
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The officials should _________ to the deteriorating public services in the country.
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The officials should attend to the deteriorating public services in the country.
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Vietnam's leaders, though, have been hesitant, worried that any deal with the US would ________ additional scrutiny of their human rights record.
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Vietnam's leaders, though, have been hesitant, worried that any deal with the US would entail additional scrutiny of their human rights record.
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Bipartisan agreements to substantially raise taxes or reduce some forms of spending have proved _________.
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Bipartisan agreements to substantially raise taxes or reduce some forms of spending have proved elusive.
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The government said it will also produce a strategy to increase Germany’s ability to counter hybrid threats, which would _______ strengthening the analytical capacities of its intelligence services.
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The government said it will also produce a strategy to increase Germany’s ability to counter hybrid threats, which would entail strengthening the analytical capacities of its intelligence services.
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Riyadh and Washington also have been working in tandem to try and strike a lasting cease-fire in Sudan, which has been ________ during weeks of fighting between that country’s military and a rival paramilitary force.
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Riyadh and Washington also have been working in tandem to try and strike a lasting cease-fire in Sudan, which has been elusive during weeks of fighting between that country’s military and a rival paramilitary force.
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Experts warned the ________ in labour market performance was likely to have been driven, at least in part, by the decline of the oil and gas sector.
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Experts warned the deterioration in labour market performance was likely to have been driven, at least in part, by the decline of the oil and gas sector.
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Critics blame the laws for triggering racial animosity, driving young people from Malaysia’s Indian and Chinese minorities out of the country, and ______ systemic corruption.
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Critics blame the laws for triggering racial animosity, driving young people from Malaysia’s Indian and Chinese minorities out of the country, and engendering systemic corruption.
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Government attempts to impose more control in the north are usually met with resistance, and the situation ________ earlier this year, when Serbs boycotted local elections held the north.
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Government attempts to impose more control in the north are usually met with resistance, and the situation deteriorated earlier this year, when Serbs boycotted local elections held the north.
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The report found that while vehicles and equipment are still the primary cause of deaths on a farm, their _______ has decreased over the years.
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The report found that while vehicles and equipment are still the primary cause of deaths on a farm, their incidence has decreased over the years.
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The study warns that the current system contributes to a toxic environment that can increase the _________ of gender-related assault and other forms of misconduct.
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The study warns that the current system contributes to a toxic environment that can increase the incidence of gender-related assault and other forms of misconduct.
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“Increased transparency in the review process is needed to _______ public trust in the review and oversight processes,” the report states.
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“Increased transparency in the review process is needed to engender public trust in the review and oversight processes,” the report states.
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Mr. Orban’s racism, embodied by his attack on the “mixed-race” menace he sees in Europe, is the _________ American values.
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Mr. Orban’s racism, embodied by his attack on the “mixed-race” menace he sees in Europe, is the antithesis of American values.
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World leaders gathered for two weeks at the COP27 climate conference in Egypt, debating ways to mitigate the effects of climate change and the conflicts it ________.
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World leaders gathered for two weeks at the COP27 climate conference in Egypt, debating ways to mitigate the effects of climate change and the conflicts it engenders.
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Mr. Kilicdaroglu, a former civil servant who ran Turkey’s social security administration before leading Turkey’s largest opposition party, campaigned as the _________ grandstanding, powerful Mr. Erdogan.
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Mr. Kilicdaroglu, a former civil servant who ran Turkey’s social security administration before leading Turkey’s largest opposition party, campaigned as the antithesis of grandstanding, powerful Mr. Erdogan.
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The agreement has been criticised as it is predicted to only bring marginal gains to the UK economy.
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The agreement has been criticised as it is predicted to only bring ________ gains to the UK economy.
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Consumers might enjoy cheaper goods as a result, but the country as a whole has paid high prices for these _______ benefits.
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Consumers might enjoy cheaper goods as a result, but the country as a whole has paid high prices for these transient benefits.
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Government officials have brushed off concerns about a general exodus, noting that Hong Kong has always been an international city with a _______ population.
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Government officials have brushed off concerns about a general exodus, noting that Hong Kong has always been an international city with a transient population.
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Racism is a pervasive, ______ force threatening to corrupt the spirit of every American if it is not acknowledged and confronted.
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Racism is a pervasive, insidious force threatening to corrupt the spirit of every American if it is not acknowledged and confronted.
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The Syriza party’s campaigning for the second election has been further complicated by a pickup in support for several small and _______ political parties, and a resurgence of a once-powerful Socialist party.
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The Syriza party’s campaigning for the second election has been further complicated by a pickup in support for several small and marginal political parties, and a resurgence of a once-powerful Socialist party.
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When most people express concern about China’s most _______ export as a national security threat, they tend to think about the platform’s ability to retrieve massive amounts of data.
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When most people express concern about China’s most insidious export as a national security threat, they tend to think about the platform’s ability to retrieve massive amounts of data.
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Protecting the health service has become ___________ for British leaders of all parties.
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Protecting the health service has become an article of faith for British leaders of all parties.
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State courts have thrown out efforts initiated by Republican lawmakers since late 2016 to ______ gubernatorial oversight of elections.
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State courts have thrown out efforts initiated by Republican lawmakers since late 2016 to erode gubernatorial oversight of elections.
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Labor advocates and liberal lawmakers have pushed the Biden administration to take the fight back up, arguing that overtime protections have been sharply ______ over the decades by wage stagnation and inflation.
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Labor advocates and liberal lawmakers have pushed the Biden administration to take the fight back up, arguing that overtime protections have been sharply eroded over the decades by wage stagnation and inflation.
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Now some prominent children’s advocacy, privacy and health groups want to ban user-engagement techniques that, they say, unfairly steer the behavior of minors and ______ their attention.
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Now some prominent children’s advocacy, privacy and health groups want to ban user-engagement techniques that, they say, unfairly steer the behavior of minors and hijack their attention.
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It is _________ among data experts and the Census Bureau itself that data obtained directly from people are more reliable than secondhand or thirdhand data from other sources.
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It is an article of faith among data experts and the Census Bureau itself that data obtained directly from people are more reliable than secondhand or thirdhand data from other sources.
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Facebook’s parent company, Meta, said it had fired or disciplined over two dozen workers for ________ user accounts — in some cases for money.
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Facebook’s parent company, Meta, said it had fired or disciplined over two dozen workers for hijacking user accounts — in some cases for money.
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translation
скрытый
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масштабы
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ослабить
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предельный
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противопоставление
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означать
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похитить
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преходящий
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ухудшение
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уделять внимание
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унижать
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отказаться от
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скоротечный
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translation
численность
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породить
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временный
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случаи
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translation
крайний
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неясный
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частота
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несбыточный
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распространение
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непреложная истина
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размывать
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невозможный
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унизить
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слабый
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взломать
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противоположность
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разложение
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повлечь
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заботиться о
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снижение
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второстепенный
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тлетворный
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порочить
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включать
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частотность
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символ веры
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принизить
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заболеваемость
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разрушение
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переходный
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похищать
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опасный
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обслуживать
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уклончивый
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подразумевать
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деградация
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противоречие
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минимально эффективный
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опорочить
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догмат
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вероломный
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подорвать
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prepositions
By the time Microsoft started its scramble to develop its own search engine, Google had already become synonymous ___ looking things up on the internet.
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By the time Microsoft started its scramble to develop its own search engine, Google had already become synonymous with looking things up on the internet.
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The company has corporate values that it tries to live ___ and verify each day.
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The company has corporate values that it tries to live by and verify each day.
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It was not true that the number of properties held by non-Muslim minorities was ___ decline.
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It was not true that the number of properties held by non-Muslim minorities was in decline.
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Twitter has forgone ___ the licensing deals because of the costs, five former employees said.
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Twitter has forgone the licensing deals because of the costs, five former employees said.
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The banking system has fallen prey ___ deep crises precipitated by non-performing loans.
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The banking system has fallen prey to deep crises precipitated by non-performing loans.
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Broadly speaking, society funds science, and scientists should reciprocate by attending ___ the public’s interests.
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Broadly speaking, society funds science, and scientists should reciprocate by attending to the public’s interests.
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Online surveillance and data harvesting are enabling human rights abuses ___ a mass scale and technology companies and governments are far from finding solutions.
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Online surveillance and data harvesting are enabling human rights abuses on a mass scale and technology companies and governments are far from finding solutions.
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The adoption of the Declaration in 1948, after the conclusion and tragic experiences of the Great Wars reflected a strong desire by the world community to live ___ the common ideals of peace, harmony, equity, freedom and the right to self-determination.
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The adoption of the Declaration in 1948, after the conclusion and tragic experiences of the Great Wars reflected a strong desire by the world community to live by the common ideals of peace, harmony, equity, freedom and the right to self-determination.
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Apple's chief executive Tim Cook said the firm wants to hire more staff in the UK, ___ contrast to redundancies seen across the tech sector.
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Apple's chief executive Tim Cook said the firm wants to hire more staff in the UK, in contrast to redundancies seen across the tech sector.
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Success will be measured ___ whether the Kenyan contingent can decisively defeat the crime gangs, restoring law and order to the daily lives of Haitians.
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Success will be measured by whether the Kenyan contingent can decisively defeat the crime gangs, restoring law and order to the daily lives of Haitians.
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U.S. and South Korean officials maintain the exercises are defensive ___ nature and they have no intention of attacking the North.
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U.S. and South Korean officials maintain the exercises are defensive in nature and they have no intention of attacking the North.
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Yemen noted that human rights were ___ the heart of comprehensive reform, and asked about measures taken to guarantee the political and civil rights of women.
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Yemen noted that human rights were at the heart of comprehensive reform, and asked about measures taken to guarantee the political and civil rights of women.
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The experience of the modern university system is the antithesis ___ innovative leadership traits.
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The experience of the modern university system is the antithesis of innovative leadership traits.
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As one can judge ___ the structure of operations on the M&A market, acquisition of a Russian credit institution is not considered by foreign banks as a way of acquiring additional advantages in the field of corporate customer service.
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As one can judge by the structure of operations on the M&A market, acquisition of a Russian credit institution is not considered by foreign banks as a way of acquiring additional advantages in the field of corporate customer service.
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The company's success certainly rests ___ its impressive client base, but Foxconn is just as indispensable to those clients.
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The company's success certainly rests on its impressive client base, but Foxconn is just as indispensable to those clients.
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While the scheme is less likely to be needed this winter, it could operate ___ a much larger scale this year, the ESO said.
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While the scheme is less likely to be needed this winter, it could operate on a much larger scale this year, the ESO said.
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In its bankruptcy Chrysler was shorn ___ much of its excess capacity in North America and various other liabilities.
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In its bankruptcy Chrysler was shorn of much of its excess capacity in North America and various other liabilities.
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The biggest companies have now shifted focus and resources away from the fight against misinformation, even as new platforms emerged promising to forgo ___ policies that moderate content.
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The biggest companies have now shifted focus and resources away from the fight against misinformation, even as new platforms emerged promising to forgo policies that moderate content.
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The Federal Trade Commission has accused Walmart of repeatedly failing to protect its customers from falling prey ___ fraudsters when using the retailer’s money transfer services.
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The Federal Trade Commission has accused Walmart of repeatedly failing to protect its customers from falling prey to fraudsters when using the retailer’s money transfer services.
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According to the United Nations, Japan has the world's oldest population, measured ___ the proportion of people aged 65 or older.
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According to the United Nations, Japan has the world's oldest population, measured by the proportion of people aged 65 or older.
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Ms. Sitharaman said that the strength of the relationship between the two countries rested ___ understanding each other’s necessities and “respecting the differences.”
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Ms. Sitharaman said that the strength of the relationship between the two countries rested on understanding each other’s necessities and “respecting the differences.”
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Although the purpose of the report was to examine relations with NGOs maintaining official relations with UNESCO, to judge ___ the contributions from various sectors it transpired that cooperation with other NGOs could not be disregarded.
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Although the purpose of the report was to examine relations with NGOs maintaining official relations with UNESCO, to judge by the contributions from various sectors it transpired that cooperation with other NGOs could not be disregarded.
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Over 500,000 children of school age did not have access to education, illiteracy levels were high, staff numbers were insufficient and unequally distributed, teacher training was ___ decline and basic learning resources were almost non-existent.
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Over 500,000 children of school age did not have access to education, illiteracy levels were high, staff numbers were insufficient and unequally distributed, teacher training was in decline and basic learning resources were almost non-existent.
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Inflation deepened as the Fed’s rate moves remained more dawdling than decisive, and Mr. Burns’s name eventually became synonymous ___ bad central banking: irresolute and politicized.
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Inflation deepened as the Fed’s rate moves remained more dawdling than decisive, and Mr. Burns’s name eventually became synonymous with bad central banking: irresolute and politicized.
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The allies have stressed the exercises are defensive ___ nature.
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The allies have stressed the exercises are defensive in nature.
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The bank executive said the central bank’s efforts had limited impact in a currency market shorn ___ confidence.
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The bank executive said the central bank’s efforts had limited impact in a currency market shorn of confidence.
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After an injury, she decided to forgo ___ her athletic career and study international relations at the University of Trieste in Italy, with plans to become a diplomat.
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After an injury, she decided to forgo her athletic career and study international relations at the University of Trieste in Italy, with plans to become a diplomat.
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Employers can learn a lot from attending ___ what helped people be more productive and satisfied during this time.
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Employers can learn a lot from attending to what helped people be more productive and satisfied during this time.
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That decision stood ___ contrast with those of other federal appeals courts that have upheld the CFPB’s arrangement.
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That decision stood in contrast with those of other federal appeals courts that have upheld the CFPB’s arrangement.
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Judging ___ the number of times this issue has been discussed, since both the Executive Board and the General Conference began to examine their methods of work, and considering the number of decisions already taken on this subject, a real and persistent problem obviously exists.
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Judging by the number of times this issue has been discussed, since both the Executive Board and the General Conference began to examine their methods of work, and considering the number of decisions already taken on this subject, a real and persistent problem obviously exists.
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Enter Jargon, the customer-service robot, the absolute antithesis ___ honest, open, authentic conversations between companies and customers.
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Enter Jargon, the customer-service robot, the absolute antithesis of honest, open, authentic conversations between companies and customers.
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The United Nations has been ___ the heart of efforts to build an effective governance structure for space, especially through the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).
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The United Nations has been at the heart of efforts to build an effective governance structure for space, especially through the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).
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People who were continuing to live ___ moral laws came to be seen as weak people, and society did not respect them any more.
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People who were continuing to live by moral laws came to be seen as weak people, and society did not respect them any more.
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For more than a quarter-century, China has been synonymous ___ relentless development and upward mobility.
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For more than a quarter-century, China has been synonymous with relentless development and upward mobility.
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Any replacement party will be shorn ___ its senior leadership.
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Any replacement party will be shorn of its senior leadership.
>
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The banking system has fallen prey ___ deep crises precipitated by non-performing loans.
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The banking system has fallen prey to deep crises precipitated by non-performing loans.
>
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Children learn how to navigate social situations, attend ___ elders and tackle chores or homework in culturally specific ways that may help them later—if their habits align with the demands they face.
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Children learn how to navigate social situations, attend to elders and tackle chores or homework in culturally specific ways that may help them later—if their habits align with the demands they face.
>
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According to the filing, it accused OpenAI of engaging in "systematic theft ___ a mass scale".
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According to the filing, it accused OpenAI of engaging in "systematic theft on a mass scale".
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The Lib Dems are focusing their efforts on traditional Conservative strongholds in southern England known as the "Blue Wall" - ___ contrast to their disastrous 2019 campaign, which saw them reduced to 11 MPs.
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The Lib Dems are focusing their efforts on traditional Conservative strongholds in southern England known as the "Blue Wall" - in contrast to their disastrous 2019 campaign, which saw them reduced to 11 MPs.
>
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The size of an economy is measured ___ Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, which tries to cover all the activity of companies, governments and individuals in a country.
>
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The size of an economy is measured by Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, which tries to cover all the activity of companies, governments and individuals in a country.
>
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Globalisation is seen as the total antithesis ___ "the big society".
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Globalisation is seen as the total antithesis of "the big society".
>
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Efforts have been reinforced to place traditional knowledge ___ the heart of resource management and sustainable development processes and to uphold the vitality of traditional knowledge within local communities.
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Efforts have been reinforced to place traditional knowledge at the heart of resource management and sustainable development processes and to uphold the vitality of traditional knowledge within local communities.
>
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We live ___ a philosophy we call, "Our earth, our tomorrow".
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We live by a philosophy we call, "Our earth, our tomorrow".
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Like all other indices, JALSHE was ___ decline for most of 2008 but remained within the upward trend.
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Like all other indices, JALSHE was in decline for most of 2008 but remained within the upward trend.
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Humanitarianism ___ its nature is thankless and selfless.
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Humanitarianism in its nature is thankless and selfless.
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America’s economic fate rests ___ whether Mr. Powell’s optimism is correct.
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America’s economic fate rests on whether Mr. Powell’s optimism is correct.
>
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<
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n______ two strikingly different moral p___________
America’s culture wars distract from what’s happening beneath them | Gary Gerstle
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nurture two strikingly different moral perspectives
>
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c_________ to market principles
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commitment to market principles
>
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i________ moral virtue
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inculcate moral virtue
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radically d________ perspectives on moral life
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radically divergent perspectives on moral life
>
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threaten to e____ the h_______ of neoliberal economic principles
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threaten to erode the hegemony of neoliberal economic principles
>
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t_______ virtually any lifestyle
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tolerate virtually any lifestyle
>
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i________ collaborative efforts
>
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incipient collaborative efforts
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look b_____ and b______ the culture wars
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look beyond and beneath the culture wars
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<
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e_____ our view beyond the usual m______
Global inequality may be much worse than we think | Jason Hickel
>
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expand our view beyond the usual metrics
>
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on a ______ scale
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on a global scale
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c______ r_______ changes
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capture relative changes
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a highly m_________ measurement
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a highly misleading measurement
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b_____ the c____
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bridge the chasm
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power a__________
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power asymmetries
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the global i_________ g__
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the global inequality gap
Completed!
<
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society
Татьяна Яблокова
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Transcript
<
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vocabulary unit 1
start >
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workshops
<
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active vocabulary
<
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sentences
<
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translation
<
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prepositions
<
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America’s culture wars distract from what’s happening beneath them | Gary Gerstle
<
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Global inequality may be much worse than we think | Jason Hickel
unit 1
<
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<
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<
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an article of faith
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collocations
>
an article of faith
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to take smth as to remain to become .... among to hold smth as .... a long-held
an article of faith
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>
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erode
>
collocations
>
erode
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confidence/ trust/ power happiness/ popularity morale capacity the foundations/ norms democratic institutions completely/ rapidly
erode
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insidious
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collocations
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insidious
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moveintentionsinfluenceeffect form condition tool
insidious
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hijack
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collocations
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hijack
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election machines building spotlight presentation ceremony the topic the discussion
hijack
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marginal
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collocations
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marginal
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progress/ improvement effect/ impact/ influence gains support strategic significance strategic value role/ risk/ difference
marginal
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transient
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collocations
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transient
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feeling condition methods/ approaches solutions pattern, nature protection, responses
transient
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antithesis
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collocations
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antithesis
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right and wrong the current process good governance pluralism American values justice the digital world
antithesis of
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engender
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collocations
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engender
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sanctions public trust battles resentment systemic corruption considerable backlash much criticism
engender
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incidence
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collocations
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incidence
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increased risks adverse events violent crimes repetitive motions child labor extreme poverty
incidence of
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deterioration
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collocations
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deterioration deteriorate
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in the condition of the rights and safety has been caused in labour market performance financial/ sharp/ sudden in employment levels in governance/ in standards rapidly
deterioration deteriorate
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elusive
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collocations
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elusive
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criminal/ suspectgoal/ target concept/ quality nature [solution, answer, cure] remains elusive
elusive
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entail
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collocations
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entail
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work, effort, thought risk [job, mission, process, trip] entails the job entails recession slow economic growth
entail
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attend to
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collocations
>
attend to
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have[business]to attend to affairs to attend to necessities to attend to patient a customer one's duties/ obligations the needs/personal matters
attend to
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forgo
>
collocations
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forgo
interest detail equipment/ training bonus/ athletic career employment opportunities any type of social life personal life/ the holiday the ceremonial visit
>
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forgo
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denigrate
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collocations
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denigrate
>
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women people political opponents migrants the integrity the democratic foundations the intelligence
denigrate
>
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moral
>
>
moral
>
>
<
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sentences
Private media in Hungary are discriminated against in access to information and government advertising and ____________ as purveyors of “fake news,” the report said.
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Private media in Hungary are discriminated against in access to information and government advertising and denigrated as purveyors of “fake news,” the report said.
>
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The government assured the public it would have appropriate bodies ________ to the problem immediately.
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The government assured the public it would have appropriate bodies attend to the problem immediately.
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Apple told the government officials in the letter that it found posts on Parler that “encouraged violence, __________ various ethnic groups, races and religions, glorified Nazism, and called for violence.”
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Apple told the government officials in the letter that it found posts on Parler that “encouraged violence, denigrated various ethnic groups, races and religions, glorified Nazism, and called for violence.”
>
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On federal lands, with few people and little property at risk, firefighters sometimes _________ certain equipment like bulldozers, chainsaws and aircraft.
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On federal lands, with few people and little property at risk, firefighters sometimes forgo certain equipment like bulldozers, chainsaws and aircraft.
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The biggest companies have now shifted focus and resources away from the fight against misinformation, even as new platforms emerged promising ________ policies that moderate content.
>
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The biggest companies have now shifted focus and resources away from the fight against misinformation, even as new platforms emerged promising to forgo policies that moderate content.
>
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The officials should _________ to the deteriorating public services in the country.
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The officials should attend to the deteriorating public services in the country.
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Vietnam's leaders, though, have been hesitant, worried that any deal with the US would ________ additional scrutiny of their human rights record.
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Vietnam's leaders, though, have been hesitant, worried that any deal with the US would entail additional scrutiny of their human rights record.
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Bipartisan agreements to substantially raise taxes or reduce some forms of spending have proved _________.
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Bipartisan agreements to substantially raise taxes or reduce some forms of spending have proved elusive.
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The government said it will also produce a strategy to increase Germany’s ability to counter hybrid threats, which would _______ strengthening the analytical capacities of its intelligence services.
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The government said it will also produce a strategy to increase Germany’s ability to counter hybrid threats, which would entail strengthening the analytical capacities of its intelligence services.
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Riyadh and Washington also have been working in tandem to try and strike a lasting cease-fire in Sudan, which has been ________ during weeks of fighting between that country’s military and a rival paramilitary force.
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Riyadh and Washington also have been working in tandem to try and strike a lasting cease-fire in Sudan, which has been elusive during weeks of fighting between that country’s military and a rival paramilitary force.
>
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Experts warned the ________ in labour market performance was likely to have been driven, at least in part, by the decline of the oil and gas sector.
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Experts warned the deterioration in labour market performance was likely to have been driven, at least in part, by the decline of the oil and gas sector.
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Critics blame the laws for triggering racial animosity, driving young people from Malaysia’s Indian and Chinese minorities out of the country, and ______ systemic corruption.
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Critics blame the laws for triggering racial animosity, driving young people from Malaysia’s Indian and Chinese minorities out of the country, and engendering systemic corruption.
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Government attempts to impose more control in the north are usually met with resistance, and the situation ________ earlier this year, when Serbs boycotted local elections held the north.
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Government attempts to impose more control in the north are usually met with resistance, and the situation deteriorated earlier this year, when Serbs boycotted local elections held the north.
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The report found that while vehicles and equipment are still the primary cause of deaths on a farm, their _______ has decreased over the years.
>
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The report found that while vehicles and equipment are still the primary cause of deaths on a farm, their incidence has decreased over the years.
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The study warns that the current system contributes to a toxic environment that can increase the _________ of gender-related assault and other forms of misconduct.
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The study warns that the current system contributes to a toxic environment that can increase the incidence of gender-related assault and other forms of misconduct.
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“Increased transparency in the review process is needed to _______ public trust in the review and oversight processes,” the report states.
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“Increased transparency in the review process is needed to engender public trust in the review and oversight processes,” the report states.
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Mr. Orban’s racism, embodied by his attack on the “mixed-race” menace he sees in Europe, is the _________ American values.
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Mr. Orban’s racism, embodied by his attack on the “mixed-race” menace he sees in Europe, is the antithesis of American values.
>
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World leaders gathered for two weeks at the COP27 climate conference in Egypt, debating ways to mitigate the effects of climate change and the conflicts it ________.
>
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World leaders gathered for two weeks at the COP27 climate conference in Egypt, debating ways to mitigate the effects of climate change and the conflicts it engenders.
>
>
Mr. Kilicdaroglu, a former civil servant who ran Turkey’s social security administration before leading Turkey’s largest opposition party, campaigned as the _________ grandstanding, powerful Mr. Erdogan.
>
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Mr. Kilicdaroglu, a former civil servant who ran Turkey’s social security administration before leading Turkey’s largest opposition party, campaigned as the antithesis of grandstanding, powerful Mr. Erdogan.
>
>
The agreement has been criticised as it is predicted to only bring marginal gains to the UK economy.
>
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The agreement has been criticised as it is predicted to only bring ________ gains to the UK economy.
>
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Consumers might enjoy cheaper goods as a result, but the country as a whole has paid high prices for these _______ benefits.
>
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Consumers might enjoy cheaper goods as a result, but the country as a whole has paid high prices for these transient benefits.
>
>
Government officials have brushed off concerns about a general exodus, noting that Hong Kong has always been an international city with a _______ population.
>
>
Government officials have brushed off concerns about a general exodus, noting that Hong Kong has always been an international city with a transient population.
>
>
Racism is a pervasive, ______ force threatening to corrupt the spirit of every American if it is not acknowledged and confronted.
>
>
Racism is a pervasive, insidious force threatening to corrupt the spirit of every American if it is not acknowledged and confronted.
>
>
The Syriza party’s campaigning for the second election has been further complicated by a pickup in support for several small and _______ political parties, and a resurgence of a once-powerful Socialist party.
>
>
The Syriza party’s campaigning for the second election has been further complicated by a pickup in support for several small and marginal political parties, and a resurgence of a once-powerful Socialist party.
>
>
When most people express concern about China’s most _______ export as a national security threat, they tend to think about the platform’s ability to retrieve massive amounts of data.
>
>
When most people express concern about China’s most insidious export as a national security threat, they tend to think about the platform’s ability to retrieve massive amounts of data.
>
>
Protecting the health service has become ___________ for British leaders of all parties.
>
>
Protecting the health service has become an article of faith for British leaders of all parties.
>
>
State courts have thrown out efforts initiated by Republican lawmakers since late 2016 to ______ gubernatorial oversight of elections.
>
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State courts have thrown out efforts initiated by Republican lawmakers since late 2016 to erode gubernatorial oversight of elections.
>
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Labor advocates and liberal lawmakers have pushed the Biden administration to take the fight back up, arguing that overtime protections have been sharply ______ over the decades by wage stagnation and inflation.
>
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Labor advocates and liberal lawmakers have pushed the Biden administration to take the fight back up, arguing that overtime protections have been sharply eroded over the decades by wage stagnation and inflation.
>
>
Now some prominent children’s advocacy, privacy and health groups want to ban user-engagement techniques that, they say, unfairly steer the behavior of minors and ______ their attention.
>
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Now some prominent children’s advocacy, privacy and health groups want to ban user-engagement techniques that, they say, unfairly steer the behavior of minors and hijack their attention.
>
>
It is _________ among data experts and the Census Bureau itself that data obtained directly from people are more reliable than secondhand or thirdhand data from other sources.
>
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It is an article of faith among data experts and the Census Bureau itself that data obtained directly from people are more reliable than secondhand or thirdhand data from other sources.
>
>
Facebook’s parent company, Meta, said it had fired or disciplined over two dozen workers for ________ user accounts — in some cases for money.
>
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Facebook’s parent company, Meta, said it had fired or disciplined over two dozen workers for hijacking user accounts — in some cases for money.
>
>
<
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translation
скрытый
>
>
масштабы
>
>
ослабить
>
>
предельный
>
>
противопоставление
>
>
означать
>
>
похитить
>
>
преходящий
>
>
ухудшение
>
>
уделять внимание
>
>
унижать
>
>
отказаться от
>
>
скоротечный
>
>
<
>
translation
численность
>
>
породить
>
>
временный
>
>
случаи
>
>
<
>
translation
крайний
>
>
неясный
>
>
частота
>
>
несбыточный
>
>
распространение
>
>
непреложная истина
>
>
размывать
>
>
невозможный
>
>
унизить
>
>
слабый
>
>
взломать
>
>
противоположность
>
>
разложение
>
>
повлечь
>
>
заботиться о
>
>
снижение
>
>
второстепенный
>
>
тлетворный
>
>
порочить
>
>
включать
>
>
частотность
>
>
символ веры
>
>
принизить
>
>
заболеваемость
>
>
разрушение
>
>
переходный
>
>
похищать
>
>
опасный
>
>
обслуживать
>
>
уклончивый
>
>
подразумевать
>
>
деградация
>
>
противоречие
>
>
минимально эффективный
>
>
опорочить
>
>
догмат
>
>
вероломный
>
>
подорвать
>
>
<
>
prepositions
By the time Microsoft started its scramble to develop its own search engine, Google had already become synonymous ___ looking things up on the internet.
>
>
By the time Microsoft started its scramble to develop its own search engine, Google had already become synonymous with looking things up on the internet.
>
>
The company has corporate values that it tries to live ___ and verify each day.
>
>
The company has corporate values that it tries to live by and verify each day.
>
>
It was not true that the number of properties held by non-Muslim minorities was ___ decline.
>
>
It was not true that the number of properties held by non-Muslim minorities was in decline.
>
>
Twitter has forgone ___ the licensing deals because of the costs, five former employees said.
>
>
Twitter has forgone the licensing deals because of the costs, five former employees said.
>
>
The banking system has fallen prey ___ deep crises precipitated by non-performing loans.
>
>
The banking system has fallen prey to deep crises precipitated by non-performing loans.
>
>
Broadly speaking, society funds science, and scientists should reciprocate by attending ___ the public’s interests.
>
>
Broadly speaking, society funds science, and scientists should reciprocate by attending to the public’s interests.
>
>
Online surveillance and data harvesting are enabling human rights abuses ___ a mass scale and technology companies and governments are far from finding solutions.
>
>
Online surveillance and data harvesting are enabling human rights abuses on a mass scale and technology companies and governments are far from finding solutions.
>
>
The adoption of the Declaration in 1948, after the conclusion and tragic experiences of the Great Wars reflected a strong desire by the world community to live ___ the common ideals of peace, harmony, equity, freedom and the right to self-determination.
>
>
The adoption of the Declaration in 1948, after the conclusion and tragic experiences of the Great Wars reflected a strong desire by the world community to live by the common ideals of peace, harmony, equity, freedom and the right to self-determination.
>
>
Apple's chief executive Tim Cook said the firm wants to hire more staff in the UK, ___ contrast to redundancies seen across the tech sector.
>
>
Apple's chief executive Tim Cook said the firm wants to hire more staff in the UK, in contrast to redundancies seen across the tech sector.
>
>
Success will be measured ___ whether the Kenyan contingent can decisively defeat the crime gangs, restoring law and order to the daily lives of Haitians.
>
>
Success will be measured by whether the Kenyan contingent can decisively defeat the crime gangs, restoring law and order to the daily lives of Haitians.
>
>
U.S. and South Korean officials maintain the exercises are defensive ___ nature and they have no intention of attacking the North.
>
>
U.S. and South Korean officials maintain the exercises are defensive in nature and they have no intention of attacking the North.
>
>
Yemen noted that human rights were ___ the heart of comprehensive reform, and asked about measures taken to guarantee the political and civil rights of women.
>
>
Yemen noted that human rights were at the heart of comprehensive reform, and asked about measures taken to guarantee the political and civil rights of women.
>
>
The experience of the modern university system is the antithesis ___ innovative leadership traits.
>
>
The experience of the modern university system is the antithesis of innovative leadership traits.
>
>
As one can judge ___ the structure of operations on the M&A market, acquisition of a Russian credit institution is not considered by foreign banks as a way of acquiring additional advantages in the field of corporate customer service.
>
>
As one can judge by the structure of operations on the M&A market, acquisition of a Russian credit institution is not considered by foreign banks as a way of acquiring additional advantages in the field of corporate customer service.
>
>
The company's success certainly rests ___ its impressive client base, but Foxconn is just as indispensable to those clients.
>
>
The company's success certainly rests on its impressive client base, but Foxconn is just as indispensable to those clients.
>
>
While the scheme is less likely to be needed this winter, it could operate ___ a much larger scale this year, the ESO said.
>
>
While the scheme is less likely to be needed this winter, it could operate on a much larger scale this year, the ESO said.
>
>
In its bankruptcy Chrysler was shorn ___ much of its excess capacity in North America and various other liabilities.
>
>
In its bankruptcy Chrysler was shorn of much of its excess capacity in North America and various other liabilities.
>
>
The biggest companies have now shifted focus and resources away from the fight against misinformation, even as new platforms emerged promising to forgo ___ policies that moderate content.
>
>
The biggest companies have now shifted focus and resources away from the fight against misinformation, even as new platforms emerged promising to forgo policies that moderate content.
>
>
The Federal Trade Commission has accused Walmart of repeatedly failing to protect its customers from falling prey ___ fraudsters when using the retailer’s money transfer services.
>
>
The Federal Trade Commission has accused Walmart of repeatedly failing to protect its customers from falling prey to fraudsters when using the retailer’s money transfer services.
>
>
According to the United Nations, Japan has the world's oldest population, measured ___ the proportion of people aged 65 or older.
>
>
According to the United Nations, Japan has the world's oldest population, measured by the proportion of people aged 65 or older.
>
>
Ms. Sitharaman said that the strength of the relationship between the two countries rested ___ understanding each other’s necessities and “respecting the differences.”
>
>
Ms. Sitharaman said that the strength of the relationship between the two countries rested on understanding each other’s necessities and “respecting the differences.”
>
>
Although the purpose of the report was to examine relations with NGOs maintaining official relations with UNESCO, to judge ___ the contributions from various sectors it transpired that cooperation with other NGOs could not be disregarded.
>
>
Although the purpose of the report was to examine relations with NGOs maintaining official relations with UNESCO, to judge by the contributions from various sectors it transpired that cooperation with other NGOs could not be disregarded.
>
>
Over 500,000 children of school age did not have access to education, illiteracy levels were high, staff numbers were insufficient and unequally distributed, teacher training was ___ decline and basic learning resources were almost non-existent.
>
>
Over 500,000 children of school age did not have access to education, illiteracy levels were high, staff numbers were insufficient and unequally distributed, teacher training was in decline and basic learning resources were almost non-existent.
>
>
Inflation deepened as the Fed’s rate moves remained more dawdling than decisive, and Mr. Burns’s name eventually became synonymous ___ bad central banking: irresolute and politicized.
>
>
Inflation deepened as the Fed’s rate moves remained more dawdling than decisive, and Mr. Burns’s name eventually became synonymous with bad central banking: irresolute and politicized.
>
>
The allies have stressed the exercises are defensive ___ nature.
>
>
The allies have stressed the exercises are defensive in nature.
>
>
The bank executive said the central bank’s efforts had limited impact in a currency market shorn ___ confidence.
>
>
The bank executive said the central bank’s efforts had limited impact in a currency market shorn of confidence.
>
>
After an injury, she decided to forgo ___ her athletic career and study international relations at the University of Trieste in Italy, with plans to become a diplomat.
>
>
After an injury, she decided to forgo her athletic career and study international relations at the University of Trieste in Italy, with plans to become a diplomat.
>
>
Employers can learn a lot from attending ___ what helped people be more productive and satisfied during this time.
>
>
Employers can learn a lot from attending to what helped people be more productive and satisfied during this time.
>
>
That decision stood ___ contrast with those of other federal appeals courts that have upheld the CFPB’s arrangement.
>
>
That decision stood in contrast with those of other federal appeals courts that have upheld the CFPB’s arrangement.
>
>
Judging ___ the number of times this issue has been discussed, since both the Executive Board and the General Conference began to examine their methods of work, and considering the number of decisions already taken on this subject, a real and persistent problem obviously exists.
>
>
Judging by the number of times this issue has been discussed, since both the Executive Board and the General Conference began to examine their methods of work, and considering the number of decisions already taken on this subject, a real and persistent problem obviously exists.
>
>
Enter Jargon, the customer-service robot, the absolute antithesis ___ honest, open, authentic conversations between companies and customers.
>
>
Enter Jargon, the customer-service robot, the absolute antithesis of honest, open, authentic conversations between companies and customers.
>
>
The United Nations has been ___ the heart of efforts to build an effective governance structure for space, especially through the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).
>
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The United Nations has been at the heart of efforts to build an effective governance structure for space, especially through the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS).
>
>
People who were continuing to live ___ moral laws came to be seen as weak people, and society did not respect them any more.
>
>
People who were continuing to live by moral laws came to be seen as weak people, and society did not respect them any more.
>
>
For more than a quarter-century, China has been synonymous ___ relentless development and upward mobility.
>
>
For more than a quarter-century, China has been synonymous with relentless development and upward mobility.
>
>
Any replacement party will be shorn ___ its senior leadership.
>
>
Any replacement party will be shorn of its senior leadership.
>
>
The banking system has fallen prey ___ deep crises precipitated by non-performing loans.
>
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The banking system has fallen prey to deep crises precipitated by non-performing loans.
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Children learn how to navigate social situations, attend ___ elders and tackle chores or homework in culturally specific ways that may help them later—if their habits align with the demands they face.
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Children learn how to navigate social situations, attend to elders and tackle chores or homework in culturally specific ways that may help them later—if their habits align with the demands they face.
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According to the filing, it accused OpenAI of engaging in "systematic theft ___ a mass scale".
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According to the filing, it accused OpenAI of engaging in "systematic theft on a mass scale".
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The Lib Dems are focusing their efforts on traditional Conservative strongholds in southern England known as the "Blue Wall" - ___ contrast to their disastrous 2019 campaign, which saw them reduced to 11 MPs.
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The Lib Dems are focusing their efforts on traditional Conservative strongholds in southern England known as the "Blue Wall" - in contrast to their disastrous 2019 campaign, which saw them reduced to 11 MPs.
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The size of an economy is measured ___ Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, which tries to cover all the activity of companies, governments and individuals in a country.
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The size of an economy is measured by Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, which tries to cover all the activity of companies, governments and individuals in a country.
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Globalisation is seen as the total antithesis ___ "the big society".
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Globalisation is seen as the total antithesis of "the big society".
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Efforts have been reinforced to place traditional knowledge ___ the heart of resource management and sustainable development processes and to uphold the vitality of traditional knowledge within local communities.
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Efforts have been reinforced to place traditional knowledge at the heart of resource management and sustainable development processes and to uphold the vitality of traditional knowledge within local communities.
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We live ___ a philosophy we call, "Our earth, our tomorrow".
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We live by a philosophy we call, "Our earth, our tomorrow".
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Like all other indices, JALSHE was ___ decline for most of 2008 but remained within the upward trend.
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Like all other indices, JALSHE was in decline for most of 2008 but remained within the upward trend.
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Humanitarianism ___ its nature is thankless and selfless.
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Humanitarianism in its nature is thankless and selfless.
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America’s economic fate rests ___ whether Mr. Powell’s optimism is correct.
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America’s economic fate rests on whether Mr. Powell’s optimism is correct.
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n______ two strikingly different moral p___________
America’s culture wars distract from what’s happening beneath them | Gary Gerstle
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nurture two strikingly different moral perspectives
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c_________ to market principles
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commitment to market principles
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i________ moral virtue
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inculcate moral virtue
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radically d________ perspectives on moral life
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radically divergent perspectives on moral life
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threaten to e____ the h_______ of neoliberal economic principles
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threaten to erode the hegemony of neoliberal economic principles
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t_______ virtually any lifestyle
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tolerate virtually any lifestyle
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i________ collaborative efforts
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incipient collaborative efforts
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look b_____ and b______ the culture wars
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look beyond and beneath the culture wars
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e_____ our view beyond the usual m______
Global inequality may be much worse than we think | Jason Hickel
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expand our view beyond the usual metrics
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on a ______ scale
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on a global scale
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c______ r_______ changes
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capture relative changes
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a highly m_________ measurement
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a highly misleading measurement
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b_____ the c____
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bridge the chasm
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power a__________
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power asymmetries
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the global i_________ g__
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the global inequality gap
Completed!
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