GRAMMAR 4TH GRADE

GRAMMAR

CAN BE FUN!

REVIEW

1. PRESEN SIMPLE

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

3. PAST SIMPLE

4. PAST CONTINUOUS

5. USED TO

6. FUTURE TENSES

1. PRESENT SIMPLE

SHORT ANSWERS

"Yes, I do""No, I don't"

"Do you smoke?"

EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES / GENERAL HABITURAL EVENTS

"I read everynight before I go to bed" "We always have a holiday in the summer"

GENERAL TRUTHS AND FACTS

"Time passes really quickly when you get older" "Water boils at 100 degrees" "Ten times ten makes one hundred"

INSTRUCTIONS / DIRECTIONS

"You take the train into the city centre and then you take a number five bus" "So what you do is … you read the questions first and then you write down your answers in the box. You don’t write on the question paper." (before a test)

I promise, I swear, I agree (speech act verbs)

"I will pay you back, I promise, when I get paid." "I agree with everything you say." "I attach the original signed copies for your records."

SCHEDULED PLANS

"The train leaves at 5:00 p.m from platform 6" "Classes start at 8:00 from Monday to Thursday"

NEWSPAPER HEADLINES

"Man rescues child from lake." "Taiwanese envoys arrive in China."

INSTRUCTIONS / DIRECTIONS.

PRESENT SIMPLE

I PROMISE / I SWEAR / I AGREE

SCHEDULED PLANS

EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES / GENERAL or HABITUAL EVENTS.

NEWSPAPERS HEADLINES

GENERAL TRUTHS AND FACTS.

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

USES

We use it to talk about:

• ACTIONS HAPPENING NOW
• SCHEDULED FUTURE PLANS
• TEMPORARY ACTIONS
• REPEATED ANNOYING ACTIONS

1. ACTIONS HAPPENING NOW

"She is studying at the moment"

2. SCHEDULED FUTURE PLANS

"I'm meeting Sara after class at 6:00 p.m"

3. TEMPORARY ACTIONS

"This year, I am teaching at this school, but next year we'll see"

4. REPEATED ANNOYING ACTIONS

(Always)

"You are always making noise when I try to read"

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

3. PAST SIMPLE

WHEN SHOULD WE USE IT?

• Something that happened once in the past:

"I met my wife in 1983". "We went to Spain for our holidays last summer".

• Something that happened several times in the past:

"We swam a lot while we were on holiday". "They always enjoyed visiting their friends".

• Something that was true for some time in the past:

"I lived abroad for ten years". "He enjoyed being a student". "She played a lot of tennis when she was younger".

• We often use expressions with ago with the past simple:

"I met my wife a long time ago.

4. PAST CONTINUOUS

WHEN SHOULD WE USE IT?

• for something which happened before and after another action:

"The children were doing their homework when I got home". This use of the past continuous is very common at the beginning of a story: "The other day I was waiting for a bus when …"

• for something that happened before and after a specific time:

"It was eight o'clock. I was writing a letter". Compare: At eight o'clock I wrote (= started writing) some letters.

• To show that something continued for some time:

"My head was aching". "Everyone was shouting".

• for something that happened again and again:

"I was practising every day, three times a day". "They were meeting secretly after school".

• with verbs which show change or growth:

"The children were growing up quickly". "Her English was improving".

PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS

5. used to...

WE USE IT TO TALK ABOUT...

• a past situation that is no longer true. It tells us that there was a repeated action or state in the past which has now changed.

"She used to be a long-distance runner when she was younger". "I didn't use to sleep very well, but then I started doing yoga and it really helps". "Did you use to come here as a child?"

6. future tenses

THERE'S MORE THAN ONE FUTURE TENSE IN ENGLISH

LET'S FIND OUT MORE...

FUTURE TENSES

FUTURE SIMPLE

WILL + INFITIVE

• Instant or spontaneous decisions

– I’m hungry. I think I’ll make a sandwich.

• Future predictions based on a belief

– I’m sure you’ll pass the test.

• Promises

– I won’t tell anyone your secret.

• Offers

– I’ll carry your bags for you.

• Requests

– Will you tell Henry I called?

• Threats

– If you do that again, I’ll tell Mum.

• Future facts

– I’ll be back later tonight.

BE GOING TO vs WILL It’s important to note that for predictions based on evidence and for future plans we use be going to not will. "Look at those grey clouds. It’s definitely going to rain! – "What are you doing after work?" – "I’m going to the gym".

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

WILL + TO BE + verb-ING

• An action in progress at a specific time in the future (at 5pm, this time tomorrow, in two weeks, in five years time etc.).

"This time tomorrow, I’ll be flying to Barbados."

• An action we see as new or temporary.

" I’ll be working for my Dad until I find a new job."

• Predictions or guesses about future events.

" He’ll be coming to the party, I guess. "

• Predictions about the present.

"She’ll be getting married right now, I imagine."

• Polite enquiries.

"Will you be joining us for dinner?"

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

WILL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

• An action that will be completed before a specific time in the future.

"Next September, we’ll have been married for 50 years."

• Use by or by the time to mean some time before.

"I’ll have finished this report by the time you’re home."

• Use in, in a day’s time, in two weeks’ time, in three months’ time etc. to mean at the end of this period.

"In three years’ time, I’ll have completed my degree."

TO BE CONTINUED...

UNIT 1