ATOMIC MODELS

ATOMIC MODELS

1911

1926

1803

Rutherford's Model

Dalton's Model

Quantum Mechanical Model

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1897

1913

Thomson's Model

Bohr's Model

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Expanded by Niles Bohr

• Niels Bohr expanded upon Rutherford's model by proposing that electrons are found in discrete orbits or energy levels around the nucleus
• Electrons can jump between energy levels, emitting or absorbing photons in the process
• This model helped explain the line spectrum of atoms

Proposed by J.J. Thomson

• This model describes the atom as a positively charged sphere in which negatively charged electrons are embedded, similar to raisins in a pudding
• It is known as the "plum pudding model."

This model, primarily developed by Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and Dirac

• Describes the behavior of electrons in terms of wave functions and probabilities.
• Electrons are considered both particles and waves simultaneously and are characterized by quantum numbers.
• Electrons are distributed in regions of high probability called orbitals.

Developed by Ernest Rutherford

• This model suggests that the atom has a small and dense nucleus at its center, containing positively charged protons.
• Electrons, with negative charge, orbit around the nucleus in defined orbits.

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Proposed by John Dalton

• This model suggests that atoms are indivisible and indestructible spheres
• Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.
• Compounds are formed by the combination of atoms in fixed proportions.