Compuer Components

Computer Components

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OutputDevice

Input Device

MotherBoard

Primary and slave ie connecto

primary and slave ide connectr

CPUCentral Processing Unit

A central processing unit (CPU)—also called a central processor or main processor is the most important processor in a given computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. This role contrasts with that of external components, such as main memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized coprocessors such as graphics processing units (GPUs).

They can be classified by the number of cores, which are independent command execution units, into six types: single, dual, quad, hexa, octa, and deca-core23. They can also be classified by the manufacturer, such as Intel or AMD, and the product name, such as Pentium, Celeron, Core, Athlon, Sempron, or Phenom4. Some processors are designed for specific devices, such as microcontrollers, embedded processors, or digital signal processors.

CPU PARTS

CUCONTROL UNIT

ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT

The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. A CU typically uses a binary decoder to convert coded instructions into timing and control signals that direct the operation of the other units

The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is where the CPU performs the arithmetic and logic operations. Every task that your computer carries out is completed here.

REGISTERS

MEMORY UNIT

Registers are high-speed memory locations that are built into the CPU chip They are used to store machine instructions, memory addresses, and other values. Registers are the most easily accessible memory location for the CPU and are much smaller than local memory

Memory unit is the amount of data that can be stored in the storage unit. This storage capacity is expressed in terms of Bytes. A binary digit is logical 0 and 1 representing a passive or an active state of a component in an electric circuit. A group of 4 bits is called nibble

Cache

SYSTEM CLOCK

A CPU cache is a small, fast memory area built into a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or located on the processor's die. The CPU cache stores frequently used data and instructions from the main memory to reduce the number of times the CPU has to access the main memory for this information.

What is CPU clock speed? The clock speed measures the number of cycles your CPU executes per second, measured in GHz (gigahertz). In this case, a “cycle” is the basic unit that measures a CPU’s speed.

Keyboard

Mouse

Keyboard

Mouse

Keyboard

Mouse

Keyboard

Mouse

Mouse

Mouse

Microphone

Input Devices

Microphone

Microphone

Joystick

Webcam

Webcam

Webcam

Joystick

Microphone

Webcam

Webcam

Microphone

Joystick

Microphone

Microphone

Monitor

Projector

Microphone

Microphone

Monitor

Monitor

Projector

Projector

Output Devices

Printer

Printer

Speaker

Speaker

Microphone

Microphone

Microphone

Speaker

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CMOS BATTERY

What Is the CMOS Battery on a PC? The CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) battery on your computer's motherboard acts as an emergency power for the BIOS and date and time settings. The CMOS keeps those BIOS or UEFI settings stored in CMOS RAM when your computer doesn't receive any external power, e.g., when the PSU is disconnected. All batteries degrade over time, though, and your CMOS battery may die before you're through with your motherboard. If that happens, the CMOS memory chip won't be able to hold your BIOS settings between power cycles, resulting in a reset, which can be very frustrating.

Printer

A printer is an electronic device that accepts text files or images from a computer and transfers them to a medium such as paper or film. It is an external hardware output device that takes the electronic data stored on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy. Printers vary in size, speed, and cost, with more expensive printers used for higher-resolution color printing.

HP OfficeJet Pro 9015e

The history of printing starts as early as 3000 BCE, when the proto-Elamite and Sumerian civilizations used cylinder seals to certify documents written in clay tablets. Other early forms include block seals, hammered coinage, pottery imprints, and cloth printing. Initially a method of printing patterns on cloth such as silk, woodblock printing for texts on paper originated in China by the 7th century during the Tang dynasty, leading to the spread of book production and woodblock printing in other parts of Asia such as Korea and Japan.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer-printer

Power connector

The power connector on a motherboard is a 24-pin plugin that supplies power to the entire motherboard, including PCIe slots, SATA ports, and RAM modules1. It is typically located near the edge of the motherboard and is called the ATX Power Connector

There are different types of power connectors, including ATX, BTX, and EPS, and it's important to make sure that the power supply is compatible with the connector on the motherboard2

https://motherboardsworld.com/types-of-motherboard-connectors/

A keyboard is an input device that allows users to enter text, numbers, symbols, and commands into a computer or other electronic device. It has a set of keys that can be pressed individually or in combination to perform different functions. Some keyboards are built into the device, while others are connected through a cable or wirelessly24. A keyboard is based on the design of a typewriter but has additional keys for special purposes.

KEYBOARD

RazarHuntsman V2 Analog

History

The history of the modern computer keyboard begins with a direct inheritance from the invention of the typewriter. It was Christopher Latham Sholes who, in 1868, patented the first practical modern typewriter.

https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-computer-keyboard-1991402

Headphones

• Focal Utopia

Headphones are electroacoustic transducers that convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound. They function similarly to speakers, with magnets vibrating to convert electrical energy into sound. Headphones are transducers that convert audio signals (electrical energy) into sound waves (mechanical wave energy). The headphone driver reacts to the audio via electromagnetic, electrostatic, or piezoelectric principles and causes a diaphragm to move, which produces the sound we hear.

https://mynewmicrophone.com/how-do-headphones-work-illustrated-guide-for-all-hp-types/

Floppy Disk Drive

FDD stands for floppy disk drive. Although most computers no longer use floppy drives, the FDD connector is still present on many motherboards. The FDD connector contains 34-pins, and uses a FDD ribbon cable to connect to a 3 ½" floppy disk drive. Identify this cable by the twist between the first and second set of connectors, which allocates the drive at the end of the cable as FDD A, and the drive in the middle as FDD B.

floppy disks were the standard method for storing electronic information. Very few PCs still use floppy disk drives today, but it is possible to add a floppy disk drive to your computer if required. Many motherboards still offer an FDD connector although the drives themselves are harder to find.

https://www.techwalla.com/articles/what-is-an-fdd-connector

A microphone, colloquially called mic is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal. Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing aids, public address systems for concert halls and public events, motion picture production, live and recorded audio engineering, sound recording, two-way radios, megaphones, and radio and television broadcasting. They are also used in computers for recording voice, speech recognition, VoIP, and for other purposes such as ultrasonic sensors or knock sensors.

Microphone

Neumann KU100

History

In 1856, Italian inventor Antonio Meucci developed a dynamic microphone based on the generation of electric current by moving a coil of wire to various depths in a magnetic field. This method of modulation was also the most enduring method for the technology of the telephone as well.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone

Projector

A projector is a device that uses light to project an image or moving images onto a surface. The surface is usually a projection screen, but it can also be a wall or another flat and lightly colored surface. The image can be generated by a computer, a Blu-ray player, or a film. Some projectors have a small lens that shines light through a transparent material, while others use lasers to project the image directly. A special type of projector can project an image onto the retina of the eye instead of using an external surface.

Meridian 810

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/projecto.htm

COM PORT

The name for the COM port started with the original IBM PC. IBM had called the four well-defined communication RS-232 ports the "COM" ports, starting from COM1 through COM4. In BASICA and PC DOS you can open these ports as "COM1:

COM (communication port) is the original, yet still common, name of the serial port interface on PC-compatible computers. It can refer not only to physical ports but also to emulated ports, such as ports created by Bluetooth or USB adapters.

AGP SLOT

What Is the CMOS Battery on a PC? The CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) battery on your computer's motherboard acts as an emergency power for the BIOS and date and time settings. The CMOS keeps those BIOS or UEFI settings stored in CMOS RAM when your computer doesn't receive any external power, e.g., when the PSU is disconnected. All batteries degrade over time, though, and your CMOS battery may die before you're through with your motherboard. If that happens, the CMOS memory chip won't be able to hold your BIOS settings between power cycles, resulting in a reset, which can be very frustrating.

PCI SLOT

A PCI slot is a built-in slot on a device that allows for the attachment of various hardware components such as network cards, modems, sound cards, disk controllers and other peripherals

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/8816/pci-slot#:~:text=A%20PCI%20slot%20is%20a,disk%20controllers%20and%20other%20peripherals.

Co-processor

What is the co-processor? Coprocessor - A coprocessor is a computer processor used to supplement the functions of the primary processor (the CPU). Operations performed by the coprocessor may be floating-point arithmetic, graphics, signal processing, string processing, cryptography, or I/O interfacing with peripheral devices.

What are the advantages of co processor? By taking specialized processing tasks from core CPU, coprocessor reduces the strain on the main microprocessor, so that it can run at a greater speed. A coprocessor can perform special tasks like complex mathematical calculations or graphical display processing. They perform such jobs faster than core CPU

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/co-processor-computer-architecture/

Capacitator

A capacitor is placed inline to your component and absorbs spikes in power, creating a constant steady stream of the electricity or voltage needed to power your component. And while capacitors can handle some spikes in voltage, it's always good to have a UPS or surge protector as a first line of defense.

https://www.alphr.com/how-capacitors-on-a-motherboard-work/#:~:text=A%20capacitor%20is%20placed%20inline,a%20first%20line%20of%20defense.

JOYSTICK

A joystick is an input device that controls a character or machine in a computer program. It consists of a lever that can be moved in different directions to control the movement of the cursor or pointer on the screen. It is mostly used for gaming applications, such as flight simulators, but also for some graphics applications. A joystick can also be the principal control device in the cockpit of many aircraft, with additional switches to control various aspects of the flight.

THRUSTMASTER WARTHOG

The first joystick was invented by C. B. Mirick at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in 1926. It was a two-axis electronic joystick, similar to the joysticks in use today, and was originally designed for remotely piloting aircraft1. Joysticks originated as controls for aircraft ailerons and elevators, and are first known to have been used as such on Louis Bleriot's Bleriot VIII aircraft of 1908. Today, most computer joysticks connect to the computer using a USB port.

History

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/31108/joystick

PARALLEL PORT

A parallel port is an interface that allows a PC to transmit or receive data down multiple bundled cables to a peripheral device. It can move a set of 8 bits at a time on eight different wires, making it faster than serial communication. It uses a 25-pin connector that is called DB-25 connector

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3658/parallel-port

A heatsink is a piece of metal that sits on top of a computer chip such as a CPU and draws power away from components by letting it rise through a set of fins. By themselves, heatsinks are passive; they have no moving parts. However, in most cases--especially with desktop CPUs and GPUs--the heatsink is combined with a fan that blows the hot air away or a liquid cooling solution that carries the heat away through pipes. A heatsink needs to make strong contact with the source of heat to maximize cooling. Heatsinks leverage a thermal conductor to move the heat into fins, which have larger surface areas and thus disperse the heat throughout the computer. Interestingly--and logically--a heatsink is a type of radiator.

HEATSINK

https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/heat-sink-definition,5744.html

Speaker

Logitech Z407

Speakers are output devices that produce audio output by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy and then into sound waves. Speakers are transducers that receive audio input from a device such as a computer or an audio receiver, either in analog or digital form. The main function of speakers is to convert the electric signal of the microphone into the corresponding sound wave.

https://techterms.com/definition/speakers

IDE was created as a way to standardize the use of hard drives in computers. The basic concept behind IDE is that the hard drive and the controller should be combined. The controller is a small circuit board with chips that provide guidance as to exactly how the hard drive stores and accesses data. Most controllers also include some memory that acts as a buffer to enhance hard drive performance.

Chipset

The chipset is a collection of electronics on the motherboard that communicate with all connected components. It determines compatibility between components and controls communication between the CPU, RAM, storage, and other peripherals. The chipset used to be comprised of multiple chips, but now it is usually a single chip that supports additional expansion cards and NVMe SSDs. Chipsets also feature controllers for commonly used peripherals like keyboards, mice, and monitors. Motherboards are identified by the chipsets they are based on, and chipset names change when major new CPU revisions are released.

https://www.hp.com/us-en/shop/tech-takes/what-is-a-chipset

Ram Slot

What is the use of RAM slot? A RAM slot, also known as a RAM socket or Memory Socket, is a long, slim socket on the motherboard of a computer, usually arranged in a bank of two or four. They allow RAM (random access memory) modules of different speeds and capacities to be added to the computer.

RAM slots are often found in pairs and are sometimes color-coded for identification. We should note that RAM slots in a desktop look different than RAM slots in a laptop. A RAM module is rectangular and has a connector on one of the long sides.

https://www.lifewire.com/what-are-motherboard-ram-slots-5188176

CPU SOCKET

What is the CPU socket? CPU socket - In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU) without soldering.

A socket is a place on the motherboard plate of the computer where the processor is inserted

ROM

Short for read-only memory, ROM is a storage medium that is used with computers and other electronic devices. As the name indicates, data stored in ROM may only be read. It is either modified with extreme difficulty or not at all. ROM is mostly used for firmware updates. A simple example of ROM is the cartridge used with video game consoles, which allows one system to run multiple games. Another example of ROM is EEPROM, a programmable ROM used for the computer BIOS, as shown in the picture below.

Mouse

A computer mouse is a handheld hardware input device that controls a cursor in a GUI (graphical user interface) for pointing, moving, and selecting text, icons, files, and folders on your computer. In addition to these functions, a mouse can also be used to drag and drop objects and give you access to the right-click menu. For desktop computers, the mouse is placed on a flat surface (mouse pad or desk) in front of your computer. The picture is an example of a Logitech desktop computer mouse with two primary buttons and a wheel.

• Logitech MX Master 3

History

The mouse was initially known as the X-Y Position Indicator for a Display System and was invented by Douglas Engelbart in 1963

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mouse.htm#Who%20Invented%20The%20Mouse?

What are the Functions of the Monitor of the Computer? A computer monitor is a display adapter that displays information processed by the computer's video card. When a video card or graphics card converts binary information from 1s and 0s into images, these images are displayed on the directly connected monitor.

Monitor

Odyssey G9

Early electronic computer front panels were fitted with an array of light bulbs where the state of each particular bulb would indicate the on/off state of a particular register bit inside the computer. This allowed the engineers operating the computer to monitor the internal state of the machine, so this panel of lights came to be known as the 'monitor'.

: https://www.techwalla.com/articles/what-are-the-functions-of-the-monitor-of-the-computer

WEBCAM

OSBOT TINY 4K

webcam, first developed in 1991 is a video camera that is connected to a computer or other device, typically via a USB port, and is used to capture and transmit video over the internet. Webcams are commonly used for videoconferencing, live streaming, and other applications that require real-time video communication. Webcams can be built into laptops and desktop computers, or they can be separate devices that can be attached to a computer or other device.

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-webcam/