ENGLISH TENSES

english tenses

Denisse Andrea González Romero

English tenses

Structure

the simple present

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences:

• Subject + Base Form of the Verb (+s/es for third-person singular)

Negative Sentences:

• Subject + Do not (don't) + Base Form of the Verb

Question Sentences:

• Do/Does + Subject + Base Form of the Verb

Examples

Positive:

• I read books every day.
• She plays the piano beautifully.
• They enjoy watching movies.

Negative:

• I do not read books every day.
• She does not play the piano beautifully.
• They do not enjoy watching movies.

Question:

• Do I read books every day?
• Does she play the piano beautifully?
• Do they enjoy watching movies?

NOTES

• The third-person singular form (he, she, it) typically adds "s" or "es" to the base form of regular verbs.
• For negative sentences and questions, we use the auxiliary verbs "do" or "does" to form questions and negatives, and the base form of the main verb is used after the auxiliary verb.

Uses

• To talk about routines, habits, hobbies, likes and dislikes

• With adverbs and expresions of frequency

- Don't / Doesn't ? Do / Does We use and S for the verbs in third person: He, She, It.

Exercise

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-forms.htm

Present continuous

• To Talk about things that are happening now.

• To describe a picture

• For temporary things

Structure

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences: Subject + "to be" (am, is, are) + Verb-ing (base form of the verb + -ing)Negative Sentences: Subject + "to be" (am not, is not, are not) + Verb-ing (base form of the verb + -ing) Question Sentences: "To be" (Am, Is, Are) + Subject + Verb-ing (base form of the verb + -ing)

Examples

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences:

• She is reading a book right now.
• They are playing football in the park.
• I am working on a project at the moment.

Negative Sentences:

• She is not reading a book right now.
• They are not playing football in the park.
• I am not working on a project at the moment.

Question Sentences:

• Is she reading a book right now?
• Are they playing football in the park?
• Am I working on a project at the moment?

Exercise

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-continuous-progressive/positive-negative-questions-write

NOTES:

• The verb "to be" (am, is, are) changes according to the subject: "I am," "he/she/it is," "you/we/they are."
• Add -ing to the base form of the main verb to indicate the action is happening at the present moment or around the present time.

Past continuous

Structure

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences:

• Subject + "was" (for singular subjects) or "were" (for plural subjects) + Verb-ing (base form of the verb + -ing)

Negative Sentences:

• Subject + "was not" (wasn't) + Verb-ing (base form of the verb + -ing)
• Subject + "were not" (weren't) + Verb-ing (base form of the verb + -ing)

Question Sentences:

• "Was" (for singular subjects) or "Were" (for plural subjects) + Subject + Verb-ing (base form of the verb + -ing)

Positive:

• She was studying when the phone rang.
• They were playing soccer at 3 PM yesterday.
• He was cooking dinner while she watched TV.

Negative:

• She was not studying when the phone rang.
• They were not playing soccer at 3 PM yesterday.
• He was not cooking dinner while she watched TV.

Question:

• Was she studying when the phone rang?
• Were they playing soccer at 3 PM yesterday?
• Was he cooking dinner while she watched TV?

Examples

Use

• Is used to describe actions or events that were ongoing or in progress at a specific point in the past.

NOTES:

• The past tense of the verb "to be" is "was" for singular subjects and "were" for plural subjects.
• Add -ing to the base form of the main verb to indicate that the action was in progress at a specific point in the past.

Exercise

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/past-continuous/exercise-2

simple past

STRUCTURE

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences:

Subject + Past Tense of the Verb

Negative Sentences

Subject + Did not (didn't) + Base Form of the Verb.

Question Sentences:

Did + Subject + Base Form of the Verb

Is used to describe actions or events that occurred and were completed at a specific time in the past.

EXAMPLES

Positive:

• She visited Paris last summer.
• They watched a great movie yesterday.
• He studied for the test all night.

Negative:

• She did not visit Paris last summer.
• They did not watch a great movie yesterday.
• He did not study for the test all night.

Question:

• Did she visit Paris last summer?
• Did they watch a great movie yesterday?
• Did he study for the test all night?

NOTE:

• For regular verbs, the past tense is often formed by adding "-ed" to the base form

Visit > Visited

• Irregular verbs have unique past tense forms that need to be memorized

Go > Went Eat > Ate

EXERCISE

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/simple-past-irregular-1

https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/past-simple/negative-regular-irregular

future forms

GOING TO:

Future

Use: The Going To Future is used for planned future actions, intentions, and predictions based on evidence or current circumstances.

Use: The Future Simple (Will) is used for predictions, promises, offers, spontaneous decisions, and general future actions.

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences Subject + "am/is/are going to" + Base Form of the Verb Example: They are going to travel to Europe next summer. Negative Sentences: Subject + "am not/is not/are not going to" + Base Form of the Verb Example: She isn't going to start a new job next month. Question Sentences: "Am/Is/Are" + Subject + "going to" + Base Form of the Verb Example: Are they going to buy a new car soon?

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences Subject + "will" + Base Form of the Verb Example: I will call you later. Negative Sentences: Subject + "will not" (won't) + Base Form of the Verb Example: She won't visit Paris next summer. Question Sentences: "Will" + Subject + Base Form of the Verb Example: Will you come to the party? Wl youome to the party?

exercise

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/future-forms/

Present continuous - Future

Use: The Present Continuous for Future is used for arrangements and fixed plans in the near future.

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences: Subject + "am/is/are" + Base Form of the Verb + "ing" Example: She is flying to London tomorrow. Negative Sentences: Subject + "am not/is not/are not" + Base Form of the Verb + "ing" Example: We aren't meeting for lunch on Friday. Question Sentences: "Am/Is/Are" + Subject + Base Form of the Verb + "ing" Example: Is he flying to London tomorrow?

Present perfect

The Present Perfect tense is used to describe actions or events that have a connection to the present, indicating that they happened at an indefinite time in the past or that their effects are still relevant in the present.

Examples

Positive:

• I have traveled to many countries.
• She has finished her homework.
• They have seen that movie before.

Negative:

• I have not traveled to many countries.
• She has not finished her homework.
• They have not seen that movie before.

Question:

• Have I traveled to many countries?
• Has she finished her homework?
• Have they seen that movie before?

Structure

Affirmative (Positive) Sentences: Subject + "have" (for subjects like "I," "you," "we," "they") or "has" (for subjects like "he," "she," "it") + Past Participle of the Verb

Notes The past participle form of regular verbs often ends in "-ed" visit -> visited Irregular verbs have unique past participle forms that need to be memorized go -> gone eat -> eaten

Negative Sentences: Subject + "have not" (haven't) + Past Participle of the Verb Subject + "has not" (hasn't) + Past Participle of the Verb

Excersice

Question Sentences: "Have" (for subjects like "I," "you," "we," "they") or "Has" (for subjects like "he," "she," "it") + Subject + Past Participle of the Verb

• https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/present-perfect/

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