NATIONAL PARKS

nATIONAL pARKS

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL PARKS AND THE WESTWARD EXPANSION

index

01 Brainstorming

02 Quiz

03 Video

04 Article

05 Discussion

06 Research

National Parks

Brainstorm as many parks you know of in the United States. Search for images as well and post 1 to Classroom along with 1 fact about a park.

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National Parks Quiz

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Grand Canyon

Bryce Canyon

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Roosevelt’s visit to the Grand Canyon in 1903 convinced him to protect it. However, at that time, it was beyond his authority to protect it by designating the area as a national park. In 1906, by using a presidential proclamation, he established the Grand Canyon Game Preserve. In 1908 it was declared a national monument, and finally in 1919, it became a national park.

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Bryce Canyon

Rocky Mountains

Indiana Dunes

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The name Bryce comes from Ebenezer Bryce, a Mormon settler who stumbled upon the area trying to round up cattle. He described it as a “helluva place to lose a cow”. It bacame a National Park in 1928 (roughly 54 years after Ebenezer Bryce settled there).

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Yellowstone

Yosemite

Saguaro

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Yellowstone was established as the world’s first national park by an act of Congress and signed into law on March 1, 1872, by President Ulysses S. Grant.

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Carlsbad Caverns

White Sands

Death Valley

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Death Valley National Monument was created in 1933 after years of effort to protect it from mining and other interests. However, it wasn’t until 1994 that Congress designated Death Valley a national park

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Wind Cave

Grand Teton

Badlands

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For eleven thousand years, American Indians have used this area for their hunting grounds. Long before the Lakota were the little-studied paleo-Indians, followed by the Arikara people.

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Mesa Verde

Everglades

Katmai

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The idea of a national park for the Everglades was pitched in 1928, when a Miami land developer named Ernest F. Coe established the Everglades Tropical National Park Association. It had enough support to be declared a national park by Congress in 1934.

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Joshua Tree

Redwood

Sequoia

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Sequoia forest was discovered in 1858 when Hale Tharp, who had settled two years earlier at Three Rivers, was guided by Indians from Hospital Rock to the upland behind Moro Rock. In 1890, President Benjamin Harrison signed legislation establishing America's second national park in order to protect the giant sequoia trees from logging,

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Saguaro

Arches

Zion

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On March 1, 1933, in the last days of his presidency, Herbert Hoover signed a Proclamation establishing Saguaro National Monument in the nearly empty desert, 15 miles east of the sleepy town of Tucson. Wrenched by the Great Depression and awaiting a new administration, few in Washington paid any attention to Hoover’s action.

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Great Smoky Mountains

Shenandoah

Mount Rainier

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The land that became Great Smoky Mountains National Park was owned by hundreds of small farmers and a handful of large timber and paper companies. In 1926, a bill was signed by President Calvin Coolidge that established the Great Smoky Mountains and Shenandoah as National Parks.

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Denali

Glacier Bay

Noatak

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William Cooper, a tough and tenacious scientist, was so inspired by Glacier Bay that he wrote letters, made personal appeals, and suffered criticism. His efforts paid off in 1925 when Glacier Bay became a national monument. In 1980 President Jimmy Carter signed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act that created Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve.

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What do National Parks have to do with the Westward Expansion of the U.S. and what impacts might these two have had on the development of the nation and its peoples?

Westward Expansion

A significant push toward the west coast of North America began in the 1810s. It was intensified by the belief in manifest destiny, federally issued Indian removal acts, and economic promise. Pioneers traveled to Oregon and California using a network of trails leading west.

Note the key events and figures that led to the development of National Parks.

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• How did the creation of national parks in the United States reflect the Transcendentalist ideals of a spiritual connection to nature and the importance of preserving natural landscapes? Discuss specific examples of national parks and how they align or break from Transcendentalist beliefs.
• In what ways did the Transcendentalist movement influence the early conservation and preservation efforts that led to the establishment of national parks? Explore the philosophical and literary connections between Transcendentalist thinkers like Emerson and Thoreau and the individuals and movements that advocated for the protection of wilderness areas and the creation of national parks.

Researching further

Research more on one of the following topics: factors that attracted settlers to move west the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans the impact of westward expansion on nature

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