Study Guide

WORLD HISTORY HONORS

Pre-history and early civilization

Study Guide

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TOPICS

PRE- HISTORY

ANCIENT EGYPT

BUDDHA AND ASHOKA

INDUS VALLEY

MESOPOTAMIA

ANCIENT CHINA

GREEKS AND PERSIANS

CONTINUE

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

• 15,00 years ago, humans were hunters and gatherers
• Advantages of Agriculture
• Controlled food supply
• Food surplus
• Larger population settlements
• Trading
• job specialization
• Disadvantages
• inequality
• changing the environment
• slavery

CONTINUE

Hunter-Gatherers

Neolithic Revolution

Agriculture

The first cultivation of plants and domestication of animals took place during the Neolithic period and radically changed the structure of prehistoric society; and the development of agriculture.

The science, art, or practice of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and, in varying degrees, the preparation and marketing of the resulting products.

Any group of people that depends primarily on wild foods for subsistence. Until about 12,000 to 11,000 years ago, when agriculture and animal domestication emerged in the Fertile Crescent, southwest Asia, and Mesoamerica, all peoples were hunters and gatherers.

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INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

• Around 3000 BC
• Humans settled around river valleys
• Located between the Indus and Saraswati rivers
• Indus Valley was extremely fertile
• Rivers flooded reliably twice a year
• They had well-established cities
• Oriented to catch the wind
• drainage system
• Public baths
• They traded cloths for bronze
• They were very peaceful

Civilization – The process by which a society or place reaches an advanced social development and organization stage.

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Question 1/5

HUMANS WERE HUNTERS AND GATHERERS

NEOLITHIC

PALEOLITHIC

CONTINUE

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Question 2/5

HUMANS LIVED IN MUD BRICK HOUSES

NEOLITHIC

PALEOLITHIC

CONTINUE

Test YOURSELF

Question 3/5

HUMANS HAD CONTROL OVER FOOD SUPPLY

PALEOLITHIC

NEOLITHIC

CONTINUE

Test YOURSELF

Question 4/5

HUMANS MOVED FROM PLACE TO PLACE

NEOLITHIC

PALEOLITHIC

CONTINUE

ANCIENT EGYPT

• Lasted from about 3000 BCE to 332 BCE
• Settled by the Nile River
• It was regular and navigable
• The afterlife was seen as a continuation of life
• That's why they buried their dead, especially pharaohs, with everything they would need in the afterlife.
• Pyramids were built to house dead pharaoh and their family.
• Built by peasants
• They used hieroglyphics
• They believed in amulets, magic, and divination.

Intro

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Question 5/5

TRADING

PALEOLITHIC

NEOLITHIC

CONTINUE

MESOPOTAMIA

• Settled along the Tigris and Euphrates river
• Early form of socialism
• Farmers contributed grain to the government, and then the government distributed the grain as wages based on one's occupation.
• Divided into city-states
• Slavery used for irrigation
• Priests were believed to have direct communication with the gods.
• Cuneiform writing system
• Code of Hammurabi
• First written law code

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ANCIENT CHINA

• The first modern state
• Centralized government
• Lasted from 150 BC to 1911 CE
• First people to write history
• The Mandate of Heaven
• Idea of heaven as eternal
• dynasties fell because of divine intervention.
• Reinforced moral behavior
• Confucius
• Developed a philosophical and political system leading to a stable society.
• Believed that order could be returned to China by following upright, moral behavior.
• Emphasis on father-son relationships

Dynasties:

• Shang
• Zhou
• Qin
• Han
• Sui
• Tang
• Song
• Yuan
• Ming (Great Wall)
• Manchus
• Quing

GREEKS AND PERSIANS

• The Persian empire was the model for all land-based empires.
• The Persian Akeemenid dynasty was founded in 539 BCE by King Cyrus the Great.
• They conquered most of Mesopotamia.
• Darius, the first, extended Persian control to the Indus Valley, Egypt, and Anatolia.
• Persians ruled with a light touch.
• Kingdoms were allowed to keep their kings as long as they paid taxes.
• Freedom of religion
• Slavery was prohibited
• The idea of democracy comes from the Greeks.
• Greeks lived in city-states.
• 490 - 180 BC: Persian Wars
• Persians vs Greeks
• Golden Age
• Parthenon, art, philosophy, etc.

BUDDHA AND ASHOKA

• The Vedas
• Early religious texts of Hinduism
• The Caste System
• The Brahmin - spoke to the gods
• The Kshatriya - warriors
• The Vaisyas - merchants and artisans
• The Shudra - laborers and farmers
• Dharma
• One's role in life and society
• defined by birth and caste
• Samsara - Cycle of rebirth

• Moksha - liberation from the cycle
• Karma - actions and consequences

BUDDHA AND ASHOKA

• Buddhism
• Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha
• Four Noble Truths:
• All life is suffering
• The source of suffering is desire
• To stop suffering, you must rid yourself of desire.
• Follow the Eightfold Path
• Ashoka
• Maurayan Dynasty
• Ruled through quasi-Buddhist principles
• Ruled by Dharma

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Question 1/5

They had well-established cities, oriented to catch the wind, and a functional drainage system. They were a very peaceful civilization.

Ancient Egypt

Persians

Indus Valley

Mesopotamia

Question 2/5

It was the model for all empires. Founded by Cyrus the Greek, they were known to rule with a light touch. They prohibited slavery and supported freedom of religion.

Greeks

Persians

Mesopotamia

Chinese

Question 3/5

Established by the Nile River, this civilization believed in the afterlife. They used hieroglyphics as a form of writing.

Greeks

Mesopotamia

Buddhists

Ancienty Egypt

Question 5/5

They had a caste system and believed in the Dharma, Karma, Samsara, and Moksha.

Ancient China

Ancienty Egypt

Persians and Greeks

Buddhist/Hinduism

Question 4/5

Established an early form of socialism. Developed the first known form of written law: the Code of Hammurabi

Greeks

Egyptians

Mesopotamia

Indis Valley

Time Period before writing was developed:

Study of past societies through an analysis of what people left behind:

What was the first technology used by early men:

Nomads are:

After the Neolithic Revolution, where did civilizations emerge:

The fact that people could farm meant that they:

Trade among civilizations led to the transfer of:

What were some negative consequences of the Neolithic Revolution:

Early civilizations developed religions to explain:

10

What are some indicators of civilization:

11

What was the system of law developed in Babylon:

12

Largest empire of its time and practiced Zoroastrianism:

13

The Egyptians were mostly influenced by the:

14

Why do Egyptians bury the dead with all their posessions:

15

What was the writing system of the Egyptians:

16

Who was the first female Pharaoh:

17

Dynasty:

18

Caste System:

19

Why did ancient civilizations fight each other:

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Major Exam 9/12/23

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