INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1712: THE STEAM MACHINE
Thomas Newcomen
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1769: WATER FRAME
Richard Arkwright
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1770: THE Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1770: THE TELEGRAPH
Samuel Morse
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1773: THE COTTON GIN
Eli Whitneyy
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1773: THE locomotive railway
IMPROVEMENTS OF JAMES WATT
Rotative Motion: Watt recognized the need for converting reciprocating motion (back-and-forth) into rotary motion (circular) to power machinery efficiently. He developed mechanisms like the sun-and-planet gear to achieve this conversion, making steam engines suitable for driving rotary machinery, such as factory equipment, mills, and pumps. This was critical for the industrial applications of steam power.
Separate Condenser: One of Watt's most important innovations was the invention of the separate condenser in 1765. In earlier steam engines, steam was condensed directly within the main cylinder, causing rapid cooling and the need for frequent reheating of the cylinder walls. Watt's separate condenser allowed the main cylinder to remain hot, which greatly improved engine efficiency by reducing heat loss and saving fuel. This innovation was a
Double-Acting Cylinder: Watt introduced the double-acting cylinder in 1782. This design allowed steam to exert force on both sides of the piston, increasing the engine's power output and efficiency. In previous single-acting engines, steam only pushed the piston in one direction, and external mechanisms (such as gravity) were used to return it.
In 1837 the British inventors Sir William Fothergill Cooke and Sir Charles Wheatstone obtained a patent on a telegraph system that employed six wires and actuated five needle pointers attached to five galvanoscopes at the receiver. If currents were sent through the proper wires, the needles could be made to point to specific letters and numbers on their mounting plate.
JAMES WATT
James Watt (1736-1819) was a Scottish engineer, inventor, and instrument maker who made significant contributions to the development of the steam engine, one of the most transformative inventions of the Industrial Revolution. His innovations in steam engine technology were instrumental in driving the industrialization of the 18th and 19th centuries.
The development of the steam locomotive was a gradual process that involved multiple inventors and engineers over several decades. While George Stephenson is often credited with building the first successful steam locomotive, it's essential to acknowledge the contributions of others who played key roles in its evolution.
George Stephenson (1781-1848):
George Stephenson, an English engineer, is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of the steam locomotive. He built a series of locomotives, with the most famous being the "Rocket," which he constructed in 1829. The Rocket had several innovative features, including a multi-tubular boiler and a blast pipe to increase efficiency. ¡
Richard Trevithick (1771-1833):A mining engineer from Cornwall, England, is often credited with building one of the earliest working steam locomotives in the early 19th century. In 1804, he constructed a high-pressure steam engine and mounted it on four wheels. This locomotive was known as the "Puffing Devil" and was used for short journeys on mining tramways.
A railway locomotive, often simply referred to as a locomotive or engine, is a specialized vehicle designed to provide the motive power for trains. Locomotives are crucial components of rail transport systems, as they are responsible for pulling or pushing train cars along a railway track. These powerful machines have been instrumental in the development and expansion of railways worldwide.
The cotton gin was invented in 1793 and separates cotton fibers from the seeds. Before the cotton gin, processing cotton was a labor-intensive and time-consuming task. Cotton fibers were separated from the seeds by hand, which limited the production of cotton and made it an expensive crop to cultivate. With the invention of the cotton gin, this process became much more efficient and less labor-intensive.
HOW DOES IT WORK: Feeding: Cottonseeds and the attached cotton fibers were placed into a hopper on the gin.
Separation: Inside the cotton gin, there were rotating saw blades or wire teeth. As the cotton passed through the gin, these blades or teeth would grab and pull the cotton fibers through narrow slots, separating them from the seeds.
Collection: The separated cotton fibers, now known as "lint," were collected, while the seeds were expelled from the machine.
In 1832 Samuel F.B. Morse, a professor of painting and sculpture at the University of the City of New York, became interested in the possibility of electric telegraphy and made sketches of ideas for such a system. In 1835 he devised a system of dots and dashes to represent letters and numbers (Morse Code). In 1837 he was granted a patent on an electromagnetic telegraph. He teamed up with Leonard D. Gale and Alfred Vail, a skilled machinist, to develop the electric telegraph. While Gale, a chemistry professor, advised Morse on the technical aspects, Vail financed the patents and helped improve the machine.
At the heart of the telegraph system was Morse Code, which enabled efficient transmission of telegraph messages. Vail also helped Morse develop this system, which assigned a unique combination of dots and dashes to each letter and number.
MAIN PARTS
Engine: The engine is the heart of the locomotive, and it generates the power needed for propulsion. Most modern locomotives use diesel engines, but some still use steam engines, and there are also electric locomotives that draw power from overhead wires or a third rail. The engine converts fuel or electricity into mechanical energy.
Wheels and Axles: Locomotives have a set of wheels and axles that provide traction and support on the tracks. The number and arrangement of wheels can vary depending on the locomotive type. Boiler (for Steam Locomotives): In the case of steam locomotives, they have a boiler that generates steam by heating water. The high-pressure steam produced in the boiler is used to power a piston or turbine, which drives the wheels. Steam locomotives also have a smokestack for venting exhaust gases.
Fuel and Water Tanks: Steam locomotives require fuel, typically coal or wood, which is burned in the firebox to heat the water in the boiler. These locomotives also have a water tank to supply water to the boiler, where it's converted into steam.
Eli Whitney, (born December 8, 1765, Westboro, Massachusetts and died January 8, 1825, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.). He was an American inventor, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer, best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin but most important for developing the concept of mass production of interchangeable parts
Mass production is a manufacturing process characterized by the large-scale production of standardized products. It involves the efficient and consistent production of goods in high volumes using assembly line techniques, specialized machinery, and a division of labor.
The telegraph was a groundbreaking communication technology that allowed messages to be transmitted over long distances by electrical signals. It played a crucial role in revolutionizing long-distance communication.
A telegraph has both a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is the telegraph or transmission key.Wires connect the transmitter and receiver. These wires form a series circuit. The electrical current is supplied by a battery. The knob on the telegraph key acts as a switch.
When the switch is pushed down, it makes contact with the base and closes the circuit. Electrical current can then flow to the receiver. When the knob is released, it opens the switch and the circuit.
The receiver contains an electromagnet. When the electromagnet receives a pulse of electricity, it moves an armature connected to an ink roller. The ink roller marks a strip of paper.
INVENTIONS OF THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
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Transcript
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1712: THE STEAM MACHINE
Thomas Newcomen
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1769: WATER FRAME
Richard Arkwright
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1770: THE Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1770: THE TELEGRAPH
Samuel Morse
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1773: THE COTTON GIN
Eli Whitneyy
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INVENTIONS
GET TO KNOW ALL THE MAIN INVENTIONS
1773: THE locomotive railway
IMPROVEMENTS OF JAMES WATT
Rotative Motion: Watt recognized the need for converting reciprocating motion (back-and-forth) into rotary motion (circular) to power machinery efficiently. He developed mechanisms like the sun-and-planet gear to achieve this conversion, making steam engines suitable for driving rotary machinery, such as factory equipment, mills, and pumps. This was critical for the industrial applications of steam power.
Separate Condenser: One of Watt's most important innovations was the invention of the separate condenser in 1765. In earlier steam engines, steam was condensed directly within the main cylinder, causing rapid cooling and the need for frequent reheating of the cylinder walls. Watt's separate condenser allowed the main cylinder to remain hot, which greatly improved engine efficiency by reducing heat loss and saving fuel. This innovation was a
Double-Acting Cylinder: Watt introduced the double-acting cylinder in 1782. This design allowed steam to exert force on both sides of the piston, increasing the engine's power output and efficiency. In previous single-acting engines, steam only pushed the piston in one direction, and external mechanisms (such as gravity) were used to return it.
In 1837 the British inventors Sir William Fothergill Cooke and Sir Charles Wheatstone obtained a patent on a telegraph system that employed six wires and actuated five needle pointers attached to five galvanoscopes at the receiver. If currents were sent through the proper wires, the needles could be made to point to specific letters and numbers on their mounting plate.
JAMES WATT
James Watt (1736-1819) was a Scottish engineer, inventor, and instrument maker who made significant contributions to the development of the steam engine, one of the most transformative inventions of the Industrial Revolution. His innovations in steam engine technology were instrumental in driving the industrialization of the 18th and 19th centuries.
The development of the steam locomotive was a gradual process that involved multiple inventors and engineers over several decades. While George Stephenson is often credited with building the first successful steam locomotive, it's essential to acknowledge the contributions of others who played key roles in its evolution.
George Stephenson (1781-1848): George Stephenson, an English engineer, is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of the steam locomotive. He built a series of locomotives, with the most famous being the "Rocket," which he constructed in 1829. The Rocket had several innovative features, including a multi-tubular boiler and a blast pipe to increase efficiency. ¡
Richard Trevithick (1771-1833):A mining engineer from Cornwall, England, is often credited with building one of the earliest working steam locomotives in the early 19th century. In 1804, he constructed a high-pressure steam engine and mounted it on four wheels. This locomotive was known as the "Puffing Devil" and was used for short journeys on mining tramways.
A railway locomotive, often simply referred to as a locomotive or engine, is a specialized vehicle designed to provide the motive power for trains. Locomotives are crucial components of rail transport systems, as they are responsible for pulling or pushing train cars along a railway track. These powerful machines have been instrumental in the development and expansion of railways worldwide.
The cotton gin was invented in 1793 and separates cotton fibers from the seeds. Before the cotton gin, processing cotton was a labor-intensive and time-consuming task. Cotton fibers were separated from the seeds by hand, which limited the production of cotton and made it an expensive crop to cultivate. With the invention of the cotton gin, this process became much more efficient and less labor-intensive.
HOW DOES IT WORK: Feeding: Cottonseeds and the attached cotton fibers were placed into a hopper on the gin. Separation: Inside the cotton gin, there were rotating saw blades or wire teeth. As the cotton passed through the gin, these blades or teeth would grab and pull the cotton fibers through narrow slots, separating them from the seeds. Collection: The separated cotton fibers, now known as "lint," were collected, while the seeds were expelled from the machine.
In 1832 Samuel F.B. Morse, a professor of painting and sculpture at the University of the City of New York, became interested in the possibility of electric telegraphy and made sketches of ideas for such a system. In 1835 he devised a system of dots and dashes to represent letters and numbers (Morse Code). In 1837 he was granted a patent on an electromagnetic telegraph. He teamed up with Leonard D. Gale and Alfred Vail, a skilled machinist, to develop the electric telegraph. While Gale, a chemistry professor, advised Morse on the technical aspects, Vail financed the patents and helped improve the machine. At the heart of the telegraph system was Morse Code, which enabled efficient transmission of telegraph messages. Vail also helped Morse develop this system, which assigned a unique combination of dots and dashes to each letter and number.
MAIN PARTS Engine: The engine is the heart of the locomotive, and it generates the power needed for propulsion. Most modern locomotives use diesel engines, but some still use steam engines, and there are also electric locomotives that draw power from overhead wires or a third rail. The engine converts fuel or electricity into mechanical energy. Wheels and Axles: Locomotives have a set of wheels and axles that provide traction and support on the tracks. The number and arrangement of wheels can vary depending on the locomotive type. Boiler (for Steam Locomotives): In the case of steam locomotives, they have a boiler that generates steam by heating water. The high-pressure steam produced in the boiler is used to power a piston or turbine, which drives the wheels. Steam locomotives also have a smokestack for venting exhaust gases. Fuel and Water Tanks: Steam locomotives require fuel, typically coal or wood, which is burned in the firebox to heat the water in the boiler. These locomotives also have a water tank to supply water to the boiler, where it's converted into steam.
Eli Whitney, (born December 8, 1765, Westboro, Massachusetts and died January 8, 1825, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.). He was an American inventor, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer, best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin but most important for developing the concept of mass production of interchangeable parts
Mass production is a manufacturing process characterized by the large-scale production of standardized products. It involves the efficient and consistent production of goods in high volumes using assembly line techniques, specialized machinery, and a division of labor.
The telegraph was a groundbreaking communication technology that allowed messages to be transmitted over long distances by electrical signals. It played a crucial role in revolutionizing long-distance communication.
A telegraph has both a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is the telegraph or transmission key.Wires connect the transmitter and receiver. These wires form a series circuit. The electrical current is supplied by a battery. The knob on the telegraph key acts as a switch. When the switch is pushed down, it makes contact with the base and closes the circuit. Electrical current can then flow to the receiver. When the knob is released, it opens the switch and the circuit. The receiver contains an electromagnet. When the electromagnet receives a pulse of electricity, it moves an armature connected to an ink roller. The ink roller marks a strip of paper.