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TIMELINE EDU COLOR

Rafael Meza Duriez

Created on September 4, 2023

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Transcript

Rafa Meza Duriez (please click on the images)

History of Bilingual Education in the US

60'S 70'S 80'S

19th centry

2010's

The roots of a social problem

A new hope?

Flourishment of bilingual education

Early 20th century

Late 20th century

School and extreme nationalism

"America" strikes back.

"A Nation at Risk" Report revives the English-Only MovementProposition 63, Proposition 187, Proposition 223 (English Only Initiatives) National Reading Panel: Reduces language to phonics and decoding NCLB: Standardized tests, hammer of accountability, elimination of bilingual programs

Eradication of linguistic background and activism.

English Learning Education has always been at the intersection of these significant political battles

  • Segregation, nationalism, western expansion.
  • Schools were vehicles for cultural and linguistic eradication.
  • Schools for the immigrants (unequal and segregated).
  • Compulsatory attendance.
  • In 1868, the 14th Amendment granted citizenship to everyone who was born in the US.

Language as the major marker of patriotism

  • Super patriotism and xenophobia
  • English was equated with Americanism
  • Rise of science and measurement: IQ test
  • Bad performance in English=Intellectually inferior
  • Science and testing as the rationale for segregation

Immigration and assimilation (CLICK TO WATCH)

Street movements Click
Policy-making Click

Different strategies to promote bilingual education: lawsuits, legislations, forming organizations, street movements, political office, created and transformed the field of bilingual education

Political power Click
Research Click

New flourishment of bilingual education

  • New research shows the benefit of bilingual education (National Literacy Panel, Reparable Harm Report)
  • New policies supporting bilingual education and local control (CCSS, California State Seal of Biliteracy, Prop. 58, California EL Roadmap)
  • Asset-based approach, comprehensive of one's linguistic background, New form of accountability

We still need to do more!!!!