Unit 3-Lesson 4

Unit 3: How to Approach your Assignment

Lesson 4: Citing and Referencing

Learning Outcomes

Write in-text citation.

Write references at the end of the assignment using Harvard style of referencing.

Referencing Style used at LTUC is Harvard style of referencing

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Referencing in Harvard style is a two-part process:

• In-text Citation
• Reference List

Citing and Referencing

Why use citation and referencing in your assignment?

• Provide sufficient bibliographic information to enable the reader to identify and obtain the original source.
• A way to recognize the work of others.
• Show how other people's ideas contributed to your work.
• Show that you have read and understood the basic texts about the area you are writing about.

In-text citation

The text part of your assignment in which you identify the source; Tells the readers where the information came from.

Citation and references go hand-in-hand and you can't use one without the other

References

Complete bibliographic information at the end of your business; It provides readers with details about the source so that they have a good understanding of the source type and can find the source themselves if necessary.

Citation is used within the text when....

Paraphrasing

Quoting

Summarizing

Paraphrasing involves expressing the thoughts or arguments of another author in your own words, without direct quotation but with due recognition. All important information must be communicated in a different way

This method provides basic points from an article, book or web page in summary form.

• Use quotes when relevant
• Don't use too many quotes
• Add the information quoted between the quotation marks ".

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Always add citation within text using author's surname and publication date.

In-text Citation forms

Number of authors....

Location in sentence....

• At the beginning : Smith (2020) indicated that time management is an important skill to master.
• At the end: Time management is an importnat task to master as suggested by Smith (2020).
• At the end: Time management is an important task to master (Smith, 2020)

• One author : (Smith, 2020)
• Two authors : (Smith and John, 2021)
• Three or more authors : (Smith et al., 2022)

Reference list

• The reference list is the list of sources you used in your work.
• The fors of the reference depends on the type of source used (article, book, website, etc.)
• References using Harvard's style of references should be listed in alphabetical order.

Example: Book

In-text citation : Quantitative data is more suited to the study due to... (Bryman, 2016).

Reference: Author Surname, INITIAL(S). (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher. Bryman, A. (2016) Social research methods. 5th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Example: Journal Article (online)

In-text citation : The stereotypical portrayal of cultures...(Dobson, 2006).

Reference:Author of article Surname, INITIAL(S). (Year) 'Title of article', Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page range (if available). doi: Dobson, H. (2006) 'Mister Sparkle meets the 'Yakuza': depictions of Japan in The Simpsons', Journal of Popular Culture, 39(1), pp. 44–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2006.00203.x

Example: Website

In-text citation : He began writing poetry at the age of twelve...(Rosen, 2021)

Reference:Author Surname, INITIAL(S) (Year site was published/last updated) Title of web page. Available at: URL (Accessed: date). Rosen, M. (2021) Michael Rosen Biography. Available at: https://www.michaelrosen.co.uk/for-adults-biography/ (Accessed: 26 April 2021).

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There are many types of sources that can be referenced. To find out how to refer to additional resources, click on the following

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Any questions?

Thank you!

Example

In-text citation 'There are several ways in which you can incorporate citations into your text, depending on your own style and the flow of the work' (Pears and Shields, 2013, p. 8).

Example

In text citation Importantly, one particular book (Pears and Shields, 2013) looks at the different citation methods when including them in an assignment.

Tips

• Summarizing should be your own work. Online summarization tools or other programmes may not be used for this purpose.
• Make sure to mention the source and refer to it
• Add only the main topics

Example

Quotation: ‘It is impossible to step twice into the same river’ (Heraclitus) Paraphrase: Heraclitus argues that, just as a river is always in motion, the world is always changing so that nothing stays the same.

Tips

• Read your source several times to make sure you understand the meaning
• Paraphrase the main point (s) of the source in your own words, but without misrepresenting the original meaning
• Make sure to mention the source and refer to it.
• Do not copy a paragraph from your source and then seek to change some of its wording.
• Use your words and phrases from start to end when paraphrasing.