ENGLISH TEACHING METHODS

ENGLISH TEACHING LANGUAGE METHODS

Empezar

It can enrich learners’ vocabulary and allow them to learn English with the help of their mother tongue.

This method focuses on translating sentences between the target language and the native language and learning grammar rules.

Grammar-Translation

It does not follow the natural order of learning (listening, speaking, reading, writing), neglects the oral approach to language learning, and promotes rote memorization.

It is an activity method facilitating alertness and participation of the pupils.

Direct Method

This method involves thinking and communicating in English. It emphasizes active the use of the target language in a direct manner

Learners might struggle to connect words from their native language to the target language

It focuses on all four skills – reading, listening, writing, and speaking.

Audio-Lingual

This method focuses on listening and speaking skills through oral drills and practice

It is highly teacher-dominated, can be a bit mechanical due to memorization and pattern practice, and may get monotonous for many learners.

It creates a relaxed learning environment that can help improve memory.

Suggestopedia

This method uses music and relaxation exercises to make learning more enjoyable

The wrong music can be a distraction.

METHODS IN ENGLISH TEACHING LANGUAGE

It encourages students to think for themselves and to use their own resources.

This method encourages learners to develop their own conceptual models of all aspects of the language.

Silent Way

Teachers must know their teaching objectives clearly and make use of the teaching aids effectively. Students may be confused with the symbols of the colored wooden rods used in this method

It is fun, memorable, good for kinaesthetic learners who need to be active in class, works well with mixed-ability classes, and doesn’t require a lot of preparation or materials.

This method involves physical movement to react to verbal input in order to reduce student inhibitions and lower stress.

Total Physical Response

Students may overuse the target structure so that it sounds completely unnatural. Students may not produce the target language during the free practice stage because they find they are able to use existing language resources to complete the task

It is learner-oriented as it takes the interests and needs of the learners into account. It also focuses on the previous knowledge and experience of learners.

In this method, students work together to develop what aspects of a language they would like to learn. The teacher acts as a facilitator or counselor

Community Language Learning

Performing tasks is not enough to develop communication skills completely and successfully. Skehan (1996) expressed that it could result in affecting the growth and change of the language learners’ interlanguage.

It is learner-oriented as it takes into account students’ interests and needs. It also aims to personalize and localize language so that learners can adapt its use more effectively.

This approach emphasizes interaction a s both the means and ultimate goal of learning a language. It often involves students resolving open-ended problems or projects while using the target language.

Communicative Language Teaching

The main focus of this approach is on fluency rather than accuracy. The approach does not focus much on removing errors from learners’ speech. In trying to create a less teacher-orientated classroom, many say that this approach goes too far to the opposite extreme

Learners are highly motivated to participate in tasks and activities included in this approach. They will also grow accustomed to producing meaningful interaction when working in groups.

Task-Based Learning

This approach focuses on the use of authentic language through meaningful tasks such as problem-solving or completing projects.

Performing tasks is not enough to develop communication skills completely and successfully. Skehan (1996) expressed that it could result in affecting the growth and change of the language learners’ interlanguage.

It can enrich learners’ vocabulary and allow them to learn English with the help of their mother tongue.

It does not follow the natural order of learning (listening, speaking, reading, writing), neglects the oral approach to language learning, and promotes rote memorization.

This method focuses on translating sentences between the target language and the native language, and learning grammar rules.

Grammar-cum-Translation

ItIt is an activity method facilitating alertness and participation of the pupils.

Learners might struggle to connect words from their native language to the target language

This method involves thinking and communicating in English. It emphasizes active use of the target language in a direct manner

Direct Method

It focuses on all four skills – reading, listening, writing, and speaking.

It is highly teacher-dominated, can be a bit mechanical due to memorization and pattern practice, and may get monotonous for many learners.

This method focuses on listening and speaking skills through oral drills and practice

Audio-Lingual

It creates a relaxed learning environment that can help improve memory.

This method uses music and relaxation exercises to make learning more enjoyable

Suggestopedia

The wrong music can be a distraction.

It encourages students to think for themselves and to use their own resources.

METHODS IN ENGLISH TEACHING LANGUAGE

This method encourages learners to develop their own conceptual models of all aspects of the language.

Silent Way

Teachers must know their teaching objectives clearly and make use of the teaching aids effectively. Students may be confused with the symbols of the colored wooden rods used in this method

It is fun, memorable, good for kinaesthetic learners who need to be active in class, works well with mixed-ability classes, and doesn’t require a lot of preparation or materials.

This method involves physical movement to react to verbal input in order to reduce student inhibitions and lower stress.

Total Physical Response

Students may overuse the target structure so that it sounds completely unnatural. Students may not produce the target language during the free practice stage because they find they are able to use existing language resources to complete the task

It is learner-oriented as it takes the interests and needs of the learners into account. It also focuses on the previous knowledge and experience of learners.

In this method, students work together to develop what aspects of a language they would like to learn. The teacher acts as a facilitator or counselor

Community Language Learning

Performing tasks is not enough to develop communication skills completely and successfully. Skehan (1996) expressed that it could result in affecting the growth and change of the language learners’ interlanguage.

It is learner-oriented as it takes into account students’ interests and needs. It also aims to personalize and localize language so that learners can adapt its use more effectively.

This approach emphasizes interaction as both the means and ultimate goal of learning a language. It often involves students resolving open-ended problems or projects while using the target language.

Communicative Language Teaching

The main focus of this approach is on fluency rather than accuracy. The approach does not focus much on removing errors from learners’ speech. In trying to create a less teacher-orientated classroom, many say that this approach goes too far to the opposite extreme

Learners are highly motivated to participate in tasks and activities included in this approach. They will also grow accustomed to producing meaningful interaction when working in groups.

Performing tasks is not enough to develop communication skills completely and successfully. Skehan (1996) expressed that it could result in affecting the growth and change of the language learners’ interlanguage.

This approach focuses on the use of authentic language through meaningful tasks such as problem-solving or completing projects.

Task-Based Learning

It is learner-oriented as it takes into account students’ interests and needs. It also aims to personalize and localize language so that learners can adapt its use more effectively.

DISADVANTAGES

(1) There are many abstract words which cannot be interpreted directly in English and much time and energy are wasted in making attempts for the purpose. (2) This method is based on the principles that auditory appeal is stronger that visual. But there are children who learn more with visual than with their oral- aural sense like ears and tongue. (3) The method ignores systematic written work and reading activities and sufficient attention is not paid to reading and writing.

ADVANTAGES

Motivation Learners are highly motivated to participate in tasks and activities included in this approach. Cooperation Learners have to work together in groups which encourages them to cooperate. Meaningful Interaction They will also grow accustomed to producing meaningful interaction when working in groups. Experience The approach also focuses on the previous knowledge and experience of learners. Exploration With this approach, learners can explore the new features of the language they are learning.

DISADVANTAGES

-This method is highly teacher-dominated as the teacher plays an important role. -Sometimes, the proper meaning of words and phrases may be neglected in this method -This method can be a bit mechanical due to memorization and pattern practice. -This method may only work for hardworking learners. -The drilling and memorization of pronunciation may get tedious and monotonous for many learners.

DISADVANTAGES

1. It is difficult for teachers to evaluate students progress in their learning process. 2. It is criticized as being too focused on building structure, and misses out on cultural input through the language | 3. The silence of the teacher can prevent students from hearing many active models of correct usage that they may find useful 4. In trying to create a less teacher-orientated classroom, many say that the Silent Way goes too far to the opposite extreme

DISADVANTAGES

-It is necessary for the teacher’s work to also take into account the emotional and psychological factors-The teacher’s non-directive role as a counsellor can also be problematic. This is especially true in classes of young learners or students who are approaching a foreign language for the first time and who, as such, need direct support from the teacher.

ADVANTAGES

-The meaning of English words, phrases, sentences, and more can be learned easily by the students. -It enriches the vocabulary of learners in English as learners may consult the Dictionary to learn the meaning of new words. -Students can learn English with the help of their mother tongue. -It promotes the skill of reading and comprehension because the textbook is the main component of this method. -This method does not require many teaching and learning materials due to which it is cost-effective.

DISADVANTAGES

-Students who are not used to such things might find it embarrassing.-It is only really suitable for beginner levels.-You can't teach everything with it and if used a lot it would become repetitive

DISADVANTAGES

-Could be interpreted as: “If the teacher understands the student we have good communication” but native speakers of the target language can have great difficulty understanding students.-It does not focus on error reduction but instead creates a situation where learners are left using their own devices to solve their communication problems. Thus they may produce incoherent, grammatically incorrect sentences.

ADVANTAGES

Music can facilitate learning Numerous studies have found that using music in the classroom, either as background noise or as part of memorization exercises, improves learning outcomes. The environment helps students relax It’s easy to downplay or forget the importance of a comfortable and secure classroom space. Reading out loud helps students remember new content Reading a text or a dialogue to your students, as prescribed by the Suggestopedia method, is a wonderful way to pre-teach new vocabulary and review important material at the end of a lesson.

ADVANTAGES

-Is a language teaching method that aims to develop both the language skills and the emotional and social skills of learners -Is a particularly suitable approach for classes of adult learners which tends to be of a good level of linguistic preparation.

DISADVANTAGES

Relies on infantilizationRelies on the absolute authority of the teacher for the power of suggestion. Lacks a clear structure For some students who need a more structured learning environment, this teaching style can be confusing or downright overwhelming. It’s not always feasible to use schools that stick to a more traditional educational model may not be receptive to adopting an unorthodox teaching method

ADVANTAGES

(1) It makes the learning of English interesting and lively by establishing a direct bond between a word and its meaning. (2) It is an activity method facilitating alertness and participation of the pupils. (3) Due to the application of the Direct Method, students can understand what they learn, think about it, and then express their ideas in correct English about what they have read and learned.

ADVANTAGES

1. Students interact not only with teachers but also with each other 2. Students correct the errors themselves and teachers view these errors as the responses to the teaching and give students some hints and help 3. Because Silent Way teachers speak so little, they are free to observe their students carefully and be available to them

ADVANTAGES

-It is a lot of fun, students enjoy it and it can be a real stirrer in the class. It lifts the pace and the mood. -It is very memorable. It really helps students to remember phrases or words. -It is good for kinaesthetic learners who need to be active in the class. -It can be used in large or small classes. It doesn't really matter how many students you have as long as you are prepared to take the lead, the students will follow. -It works well with mixed-ability classes. The physical actions get across the meaning effectively so that all the students are able to understand and use the target language. -It doesn't require a lot of preparation or materials. As long as you are clear what you want to practise (a rehearsal beforehand can help), it won't take a lot of time to get ready. -It is very effective with teenagers and young learners. It involves both left- and right-brained learning.

DISADVANTAGES

-It is an unnatural method as it does not follow the natural order of learning which includes listening, speaking, reading, and writing. -It neglects the oral approach to language learning so they may not be able to develop proper expression in the foreign language. -It does not offer pattern practice due to which students may read or write poorly despite knowing the grammar rules. -This method is also considered to be mechanical and dull as it promotes rote memorization. -This method also includes learning through translation which can delay the natural speech development of the learners while learning a foreign language.

ADVANTAGES

The communicative approach is much more pupil-orientated because it is based on pupils’ needs and interests. The communicative approach seeks to personalize and localise language and adapt it to the interests of pupils. Meaningful language is always more easily retained by learners. Seeks to use authentic resources. And that is more interesting and motivating for children. Children acquire grammar rules as a necessity to speak so is more proficient and efficient.

DISADVANTAGES

-it could be argued that it emphasizes too much on tasks and communicating meaning and this could have an impact on how to use the language in the correct form. -It may cause barriers in language learning due to the presence of fossilization -The authentic language is different and outside of the language that is commonly used in the classrooms

ADVANTAGES

-The teacher focuses equally on all the four skills – reading, listening, writing, and speaking and teaches them separately. -In this method, there is a lot of focus on the language laboratory too and it is an important teaching aid. -Similar to the direct method, there is no use of mother tongue in this method either. -In this method, dialogue plays a highly dominant and important role. -It helps learners to develop communicative competence.