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Instructional Strategies
Lhea Carbajal
Created on August 17, 2023
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Instructional Strategies
Marzano's Nine High Yield Instructional Strategies
setting objectives and providing feedback
Identifying similarities and differences
Summarizing and note taking
generating and testing hypothesis
cooperative learning
Nonlinguistic representations
Reinforcing effort and providing recognition
Homework and practice
Questioning, cues and advance organizers
Questioning, Cues, and Advance Organizers
Description: Use cues and questions that focus on what is important, using wait time before getting responses, encourage students to provide evidence. Advance organizers should be introduced before a lesson to provide a framework to help organize information.
What it Looks Like: Use explicit cues, provide essential questions, make inferences, draw conclusions, socratic seminar, annotate the text, make predictions
- Article Cues, Questions, and Advance Organizers
- Video Questions, Cues, and Advance Organizers
Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback
Description Provides transparency of learning, student should be able to articulate what they're learning. Feedback should be timely, tangible, goal-referenced, and ongoing. Can be provided by both teacher and peers.
- Video Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback
- Prezi Setting Objectives and Providing Feedback
What it Looks Like Unpacked standards, rubrics, students articulating learning targets, goal setting, KWL charts
Cooperative Learning
Description Opportunities for students to collaborate. Small groups, strategies should be used consistently and systematically. Roles and responsibilities can be assigned or self-selected by students.
- Article How Cooperative Learning Can Benefit Students
- Video Cooperative Learning Model
- Article What is Cooperative Learning?
What it Looks Like STEM projects, jigsaw, affinity diagrams, debates, small group centers, open ended math tasks
Summarizing and Note Taking
What it looks like: Summarizing organizers, key concepts list, outlines, cluster maps, narrative organizers, journal summaries, quick writes, column notes, story maps.
Description: Pulling out the most important information, substitute information, and analyze. Encourage students to put iformation in their own words.
- Video: Summarizing and Note Taking
- Article: Summarizing and Note Taking
- Video: Summarizing and Note Taking
- Article The Art and Science of Teaching/ Representing Knowledge Nonlinguistically
- Video/Article Classroom Instruction that Works- Nonlinguistic Representation
- Video Marzano's Nonlinguistic Representations
Nonlinguistic Representations
Description Create graphic representations, models, mental pictures, drawings, pictographs, and participate in kinesthetic (hands-on) activities in order to assimilate and process information.
What it Looks Like Diagrams, Thinking Maps, drawings, charts, graphic organizers, foldables, physical models
Generating and Testing Hypotheses
Description The process involves the application of knowledge. Cognitive skill applies to many areas. Students should be able to generate, explain, test and defend hypotheses using both inductive and deductive strategies through problem solving, investigation, invention, experimental inquiry and decision making.
What it Looks Like Not just for science! Constructivist practices, scientific investigations, questioning the author of a book, finding other ways to solve problems
- Video Generating and Testing Hypotheses
- Article Generating Hypotheses and Predictions
Identifying Similarities and Differences
Description: Compare, Contrast, Classify, create, metaphors, identify similes and create analogies to identify similarities and differences in information.
What it looks like: Thinking maps, venn diagrams, classifying analogies, cause and effect links, compare and contrast organizers, QAR (Question/Answer/Relationship), Sketch to Stretch, affinity diagrams, frayer model
- Article: Similarities and Differences Strategy
- Video: Similarities and Differences
Homework and Practice
What it Looks Like Personalized homework, based on formative assessments, real-world application
Description Should be varied depending on grade level, minimal parent involvement in homework, should have a purpose. Should provide opportunities to extend the learning outside of the classroom.
- Article Meaningful Homework
- Video Homework and Practice
Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition
Description: Reward based on standards of performance and use symbolic recognition rather than just tangible rewards. Showing the connection between effort and achievement helps students see the importance of effort.
What it looks like: Behavioral and/or academic goal setting sheets, goal-setting celebrations, data trackers, data celebrations, rubrics for tracking.
- Video: Reinforcing Effort and Providing Feedback (stop at 11:40)
- Article: Reinforcing Effort and Providing Recognition