BODY SYSTEMS PRESENTATION

BODY SYSTEMS

Nithin Uday1A

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BODY SYSTEMS

FUNCTIONS/DISEASES

TREATMENTS/THERAPIES

VOCABULARY

SKELETALSYSTEM

FRAMEWORK, PRODUCTION, PROTECTION

Skeletal System Functions (1-5)

The skeletal systems main function is to provide the body with framework. Additionally, it is the main site for the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) which also stores calcium and other minerals that shape bones with their associated joints. Bones protect internal organs and work closely with the muscular system (musculoskeletal system) for movement.

Minimum Med-School - Minimum Years of med-schoolMedian Med-School - More Years of med-school Maximum Med-School - Higher or Maximum Years of med-school

Skeletal System Diseases/Disorders (2-5)

Osteoporosis

Paget's Disease

Osteoarthritis

Condition where the bone framework weakens by becoming too dense or abnormally changes (bones have holes). Treatment (NO CURE) Physical Therapy - Rehabiliation through lessons Healthy Diet high in Vitamin D and Calcium Supplments/Vitamins

Osteitis Deformans is a condition where bones overgrow and become weaker than normal. Treatment (NO CURE) Supplements and medication is the only treatment. This is a PRIMARY CHRONIC disease.

A condition where the joints at the end two bones wear down. Treatment (NO CURE) Physical Therapy - Basic Movement Physical Apllicants (Ice Pack) Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Arthroscopy and Joint Replacement - In-Pateint Surgery

Skeletal Healthcare (3-5)Orthopedists (OD. DPM)

Podiatric Specialist-Hands-on work with patients -Works to restore or support areas of the leg (ankle, foot) Works with other orthopedists to describe treatment Schooling: Undergrad Degree, 4y+ residency, 1+ fellowship, Therapy/Counseling Certification, D.P.M Certification, (optional) board certification, minimum med-school

Podriatric Specialist(y)

Orthopedic Surgery

Orthopedic Suregon -Specialize in mainly transplants with the skeletal system in sports medicine, trauma and spinal injuries -Works to prevent further complications from skeletal diagnoses -Use simple surgical procedures like reshaping for scoliosis Schooling: Undergrad Degree, 5y+ residency, 1-2+ fellowship, board certification, (if taken alt. route) OD Certification, maximum osteopathic med-school

BIOMEDICAL TREATMENTS (4-5)

One of the most common forms of skeletal care is medication via injection or consumables. These mostly help with bone weakening disorders and Physical Therapy is another option.-Primary action can be done with drugs to prevent the disease, or secondary action can be taken to avoid further symptoms Examples of drug therapy include: -Bisphosphonates that treat Osteopenia and Osteoporosis -Abaloparatide to strengthen the bone via food intake -Teriparatide to strengthen bone via injection

Essential Vocabulary (5-5)

-plasty (Suffix) - Repair or reform from opening-Acr/o (Root) - Meaning extremity or high height -Oste/o (Prefix) - Referring to the bone -Cost/o (Prefix) - Pertaining to the ribs -Crani/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the skull -ectomy (Suffix) - Surgical removal of something -Chondr/o (Prefix/Root) - Referring to the cartilage or condition of it -Arthr/o (Prefix/Root) - Most used in a condition, relating to the joints -porosis (Suffix) - Full of holes or pores (weakened) -Tars/o - (Root) - Miniature bones of the ankle or foot or edge

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

VOLUNTARY, INVOLUNTARY, MOVEMENT

Functions (1-5)

All-Muscle

The Muscular System helps with circulation by compressing the veins for blood flow. The three types of muscles: cardiac (regulates heart), smooth (maintains organ flow), skeletal (movement and stability), can be voluntary (speaking- controlled) or involuntary (beating heart- no con-control). This system also produces heat and anchors the bones. The muscular system works to protect the body and forms the musculoskeletal system that outlines a frame of the body and provides movement.

Muscular System (2-5)

Aymotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Myositis

Myasthenia Gravis

An autoimmune condition that is caused by other diseases (rheu. arth.) and leads to inflamed muscles and fatigue. Treatment Medication (Mostly steroids) Physiotherapy Small Muscle Exercises

A loss of volunary motor function in the muscles by a breakdown in the muscular nervous system. Treatment Rehabilitation Therapy Medication (Muscle Strengtheners) Thymectomy (Surgery)

(Lou Gehrig's Disease) A supposed autoimmune disease with an unknown origin that causes muscle nerve cells to deteriorate. Treatment (NO CURE) Physical/Speech Therapy Medication Gastrostomy Tracheotomy

Healthcare Careers (3-5)

Neuromuscular Medicine Specialist

Myofunctional Therapy

Responsible for the physical therapy of the mouth and face. Work to restore the volunary movements of said parts. Education: Undergrad degree, (optional) board certification, certified-completed Orofacial Introductory Course, 3y residency and 2y+ fellowship, therapy course, minimum med-school

Works in teams with research neurologists and general myologists to prescribe and examine medicines for the muscular nervous system. Education: Undergrad degree, 3y+ residency, 2-3y+ fellowship, board certification, Advanced Medicine Studies, Therapy/Counseling Certification, med-school median

Biomedical Therapies (4-5)

Physical Therapy is the most preferred treatment plan for patients; however, surgery is alternate, effective solution to MOST muscular defects.

Joint Fusion Surgery

Myoplasty

Soft Tissue Repair

The plastic surgery of a muscle to reduce deformities and stabilize the surrounding tissue and tendons.

The welding of two bones that make up the muscle connection and joint that leads to less defects.

The surgical repair of fibrous tissue, blood vessels and other connective tissues in the muscles.

Essential Vocabulary (5-5)

-My/o (Prefix) - Root word of muscle-Ambul/o (Prefix/Root) - To walk or walking -kinesi/o, kines/o (Root/Suffix) - Relating to moving or movement -Therm/o (Prefix/Root) - A condition of temperature -Tens/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to pressure (Bonus) -Ten/o - Stretching or a tendon -esthesia (Suffix) - A feeling or sensation of the body -trophy (Suffix) - Refering to growth, nourishment or development -Circum/o (Prefix) - A circular motion or around something -paresis (Suffix) - Weakness mostly likely associated with a muscle -Ab (Prefix) - Away from (midline usually) -Ad (Prefix) - Towards (midline usually) -Vers/o (Prefix/Suffix) - To turn or turning

Integumentary System

REGULATION, PROTECTION, ABSORPTION

Functions (1-4)

Responsible for the synthesis of Vitamin D, detection of external stimuli, and helps to regulate body temperature. Skin helps provide an extra layer of protection, with physical barriers against germs and bacteria. Undergoes homeostasis (sweating) when needing to cool the body. Made up of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, nails, hairs and glands.

STRUCTURE

Diseases and Disorders (2-4)

Pemphigus

Acne

Eczema

Patches of super-dry skin become inflamed with blisters and cause irritation. Treatments Hydrating Topical Steroids Covering of infected site Avoiding Irritants (wool, strong soap)

An autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack epidermal and mucous cells. Treatment Strong Topical Steroids

Common skin disease where follicles are plugged with oil and dead cells, inflammating the skin; sometimes severe. Treatments Ointments Revised Diets (Limiting oily foods) Over-the-counter antibiotics

Careers

Biomedical Treatment (3-4)

The integumentary system can be regulated and treated with pharmacotherapy.

Injectible Hyaluronic Acid

Oral Supplements

Corticosteroid Creams

Hyaluronic Acid is found across the body, injecting this acid into the skin acts as a filler for the (epid)dermis.

Skin supplements contain a high amounts of Vitamin D, C, and other minerals that nourish the skin.

These can help with eczema and other surface or upper-dermal skin problems.

Essential Vocabulary (4-4)

-Derm/o, Dermat/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the skin-Kerat/o (Prefix) - The cornea of the eye -Xer/o (Prefix) - Indicating dryness -Xanth/o (Prefix) - Relating to the color yellow -Erythr/o (Root) - Relating to the color red, but in the whole context, it means red blood cell -Pedicu/o (Prefix/Root) - Referring to lice of the hair -Onych/o (Prefix) - Talking about the nails of the body -Myc/o (Prefix) - A fungus or fungal growth -Pil/o (Prefix/Root) - The hair on the body -Lip/o (Prefix) - Referring to lipids, or in simpler terms, fats -Rhytid/o (Prefix) - Any form of wrinkles on the body -Albin/o (Prefix/Root) - A shorter version of anything relating to albinism which is a lack of melanin in an organism

CARDIOVASCULARSYSTEM

CIRCULATION, EXCHANGE, SUPPLY

ComponentsHeart Arteries, Veins, Capillaries Aorta In Collaboration With: Lungs Kidneys Lymphatic System

Functions (1-3)

Plants and Animals

Also known as the Circulatory System, this body system is found within all plants and animals because it transfers all types of micro-substances like hormones, nutrients, blood cells, even viruses too! Specifically for humans, the Cardiovascular System is designed for the gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood by working closely with the Respiratory System. In Summary, the Circulatory System works with every other system in the body. For example, it removes waste products of metabolism to the Excretory System, and is able to clot itself to prevent blood loss at open cuts. Arteries take blood away from the heart, veins take blood towards the heart for exchange.

Biomedical Treatment (2-3)

Teleelectrotherapy (stimulators) is one of the best kinds of biomedical treatments because it can be used internally or externally.

Pacemaker

Cardioverter Defibrillator

Cardiac Loop Recorder

Placed in a chamber of the heart, pacemakers deliever electrical signals that negate irregular heart rhythms.

Similar to a pacemaker, a Cardioverter Defibrillator delivers an electrical shock when the heart function is DANGEROUSLY abnormal.

A communication device implanted within the heart that sends communication to an assigned cardiologist for monitoring.

Essential Vocabulary (3-3)

-Cardi/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the heart -Angi/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the blood vessels -Hem/o, Hemat/o (Prefix) - Referring to the blood -Brady (Prefix) - Pertaining to a slowness -Tachy (Prefix) - Pertaining to irregular or fast -Thromb/o (Prefix/Root) - Referring to a clot (blood clot) -emia (Suffix) - A blood condition -Leuk/o (Root) - Referring to white, or white blood cell -Erythr/o (Root) - Referring to red, or red blood cell -Arteri/o (Root) - Combined form of artery -Phlebo, Ven/o (Root) - Combined form of vein

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

EXCHANGE, REGULATION, SENSES

Functions (1-3)

Involuntary Regulation

The main respiratory organ involed in this body system are the lungs. They protect the body by filtering out dust, cillia and coughing. Mentioned in the Cardiovascular System the Respiratory System works closely with the circulatory system to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen with the surrounding. The airflow from the body system also helos with the vocal cords by vibrating the strings. Breathing is involuntary.

Biomedical Treatment (2-3)

Surgery is the most common type of biomedical treatment for the respiratory system because it requires effective solutions for its vital role in the body.

Pulmonary Wedge Resection

Lobectomy

Lung Transplant

Transplant Lung

Removed lobe

An organ transplant of a diseased lung that replaces it with a healthy lung. This is one of the most risky and effective pulmonary surgeries.

A procedure which removes a wedge-shaped part of the lungs, most of the time, to remove lung cancer.

An entire lobe of a lung is removed to extract cancerous portions or prevent close-range cardiovascular disease.

Essential Vocabulary (3-3)

-Bronch/o (Root) - A term pertaining to the bronchus or windpipe-Cyan/o (Prefix) - Relating to the color blue-Laryng/o (Root) - A term pertaining to the larynx -oxia (Suffix) - A low content of oxygen or something -Oxy (Prefix) - A high content of oxygen or something -Pleur/o (Root) - Relating to the ribs or lung membrane -Pneum/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to air or relating to lungs -Pulmon/o (Prefix/Root) - Directly pertaining to lungs -Thorac/o (Prefix/Root) - The throacic area or chest Trache/o (Root) - Relating to the trachea

IMMUNE/LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

OPPOSITION, CIRCULATION, FILTRATION

Lymph and White Blood Cells (1-4)

The Immune System defends the body from pathogens and disease. These defensive cells consist of white blood cells (leukocytes) that come in much variety. The Lymphatic System synthesizes these leukocytes and distributes them throughout the body using the circulatory system. Additionally, the Lymphatic System has lymph nodes that filter lymph and products of blood vessels to drain them out of the body. Essentially, the Lymphatic System enhances the Immune System and absorbs excess fluids from all other systems. Leukocytes - Granulocytes/Agranulocytes Granulocytes - Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils Arganulocytes - Lymphocytes, Monocytes

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Diseases and Disorders (2-4)

Lymphoma

Tonsilitis

Lymphadenitis

A malignant growth of the immune lymph nodes which results in other diseases like Anemia. Treatment Lymph Node Transplant Medication like Steroids Chemotherapy If needed, Lymphadenectomy

The inflammation of the tonsils caused by bacterial or viral infection causing difficulty swallowing. Treatment Gargle with saltwater, honey and throat medication Tonsiliectomy Penicillin for bacterial tonsilitis only

The inflammation of a lymph node caused by infection. This can lead to other diagnoses. Treatment Over-the-Counter Pain Medication Self-Care like Ice Packs Drainage Surgery Avoiding Physical Activity

Careers

Biomedical Treatment (3-4)

This biomedical treatment can depend since the immune and lymphatic systems can be adapted to a diverse amount of treatments; however chemical, electrical and physical/applicable therapies are a common treatment.

Compression Bandages

Radiotherapy

Chemotherapy

A drug treatment used to kill fast-growing cells in the body. Lymph nodes mostly become inflammated with cancer cells.

A therapy that is used to kill fast-growing cells with radiation--like x-rays--to damage DNA and prevent further growth.

By applying a tight cloth around an area, it reduces swelling and compresses an area to allow blood and lymph circulation.

Essential Vocabulary (4-4)

-An, a (Prefix) - To lack or without-Epi (Prefix) - Toward, on top, in addition to -Mega (Prefix) - Abnormally large or grown -Iatr/o (Root) - Referring to healing, physician or medicine -pathy (Suffix) - A condition or disease -Mono (Prefix) - Singular or one component -Tox/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining toxicity or something being toxic -tomy (Suffix) - Cutting or extraction of an object -itis (Suffix) - Inflammation of something -ic (Suffix) - Characteristic or pertaining to -sis (Suffix) - An action or process with a control

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

ABSORPTION, INGESTION, PROCESSING

Functions (1-3)

NUTRIENT DECOMPOSITION

The Digestive System specializes in taking in nutrients by breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. All nutrients broken down by the digestive system are used by other body systems like the cardiovascular system for energy in the bloodstream. After all minerals have been removed from food, the digestive system works with the excretory system to rid the body of wastes.

Biomedical Treatment (2-3)

Drug Treatment and Pharmacotherapy are the best options for biomedical treatment plans.

Aluminum Hydroxide (Antacids)

Pepcid AC/Oral (Histamine Blockers)

Proton-Pump Inhibitors (Omeprazole)

Drugs that combat the symptoms of digestive diseases like heartburn, anti-digestion and reduce acid-buildup.

Histamine Blockers reduce the chance for ulcers and prevent the symptoms of ulcers in the small intestine.

A type of drug that falls under the category of reducing the amount of acids formed by the internal linings of the digestive system.

Essential Vocabulary (3-3)

-Cholecyst/o (Root) - Relating to the Gallbladder-Enter/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the small intestine -Col/o, Colon/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the large itestine -Hepat/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the liver -Gastr/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the stomach -Or/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the oral cavity or mouth -pepsia (Suffix) - Referring to digestion -Chol/e (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the Bile Duct -Proct/o (Prefix) - Pertaining to the rectum or anus

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

SIGNALLING, CONTROL, REGULATION

Functions (1-3)

BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

The Endocrine System specializes in hormone production and release, a type of chemical that is released to regulate the body's functions. The Endocrine System also works closely with the Reproductive and Nervous System for fetal development in the womb. The Nervous System instructs the Endocrine System to produce hormones to regulate other systems. For example, the pancreas secretes insulin to control high blood sugar in the Cardiovascular System (bloodstream). Hormones can also control emotion depending on what the Nervous System feels is necessary for the hormone-solution.

Biomedical Treatment (2-3)

Therapies like Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy will help with treating the Endocrine System.

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Hormonal Therapy

Electrical Devices that produce high amounts of radiation from high beams and x-rays that kill potentially dangerous activities from the endocrine system.

Hormone procedure that adds, removes or replaces certain hormones in the body to relieve certain fatigue or weakness-related symptoms.

Chemicals that are injected into the patient via an IV that help with masses and other endocrinal diseases.

Essential Vocabulary (3-3)

-Glyc/o (Root) - Referring to sugar-Natr/o (Root) - Referring to sodium -Tox/o, Toxic/o (Prefix/Root) - Referring to toxic substance -Aden/o (Root) - Pertaining to the glands -Crin/o (Prefix/Root/Suffix) - Meaning to secrete -Kal/i (Root) - Referring to potassium -Gonad/o (Root) - Pertaining to a reproductive organ -dipsia (Suffix) - Thirst or water-deprived -edema (Suffix) - A swelling by mixed fluids in an area -Ex/o (Prefix) - Outside, exterior or away from -Home/o (Prefix) - Similar to -Ultra (Prefix/Suffix) - Above or excess of

URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM

ABSORPTION, REMOVAL, CONTROL

Functions (1-4)

EXCESS WASTES

The Urinary System gets rid of waste from the blood through the kidneys, two bean-shaped organs that filter blood and receive lymph-waste from lymph nodes near the kidneys. By working with the Digestive System to completely asborb nutrients that traveleed through the small and large intestines, the Excretory System has to able to remove these leftover wastes from the body, or they will cause infection. The results are feces and urine as by-products.

Diseases and Disorders (2-4)

Overactive Bladder

Kidney Stones

Glomerulonephritis

The inflammation and irritation of the filtering part in the kidney leading to urine-misfiltering. Treatments Acceptable Dietary Changes Treating High Cholesterol/Blood Pressure Kidney Vaccinations

Caused by other diseases, a common urinary disorder that limits activity by a highly-productive bladder. Treatment Oral Pelvic Relaxants Pelvic-Floor Exercises Extra Pads

A common urinary disease that results from salt and mineral build-up that when passed through a ureter, can be painful. Treatments Laser Lithotripsy Painkillers and Anti-Inflammants Specific Fluid In-take

Careers

Biomedical Treatment (3-4)

Medication is the least-invasive therapy that involves treating the Urinary and Excretory System.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Cephalexin

Ceftriaxone

An injectible drug used in a clinic similar to the function of Cephalexin that combats bacterium to reduce the chances of a urinary infection.

A buffer that increases the amount of urine output; thus, decreasing the amount of water in the body.

A drug used to combat bacterium found in the urinary tract for the prevention or "slowing down" of excretory diseases.

Essential Vocabulary (4-4)

-Cele (Root) - Relating to a swelling or tumor-lysis (Suffix) - The breaking or deconstruction of something -Cyst/o (Root) - Relating to a cyst or bladder -Nephr/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the kidneys -Ren/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the kidneys -uria (Suffix) - Presence in the urine -pexy (Suffix) - A fixation or bond -tripsy (Suffix) - Relating to crushing something -Pyel/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the pelvis

NERVOUS SYSTEM

DIRECTION, CONTROL, SENSES

Fun Fact: I actually had a Colloid Cyst, Bacterial Meningitis, Crainotomy and a Shunt! (Also Pic-Line)

Functions (1-3)

MASTER OF EVERYTHING

The Nervous System is the body's control center which it processes information and controls all the other body systems. Composed of the brain and spinal cord, the central nervous system is responsible for basic motor functions, and responding to processed information. The peripheral nervous system obtains information from the brain to send to the rest of the body, while it receives and packages information to send to the brain. The Spinal Cord is also made of motor and sensory neurons. Parts of the brain and spinal cord are also responsible for the involuntary functions of internal body systems like breathing.

Biomedical Treatment (2-3)

Surgery is the best option for Neuro-Treatment. The brain and spine are highly complex body organs that require the most precise surgical repairs to function.

Laminectomy

Brain "Shunt" Surgery

Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery

A procedure which places a tube in the brain to relocate Cerebrospinal Fluid to other parts of the body for reabsorption.

A spinal surgery that involves removing boney edges and creating gaps to relieve spinal pressure in arthritis.

The extraction of, usually tumors, or other minimally-invasive operation on the front of the brain through the nose.

Essential Vocabulary (3-3)

-Neur/o (Prefix/Root) - Nerve or nerve root (nervous system)-Encephal/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the brain -Myel/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the Spinal Cord (Spine) -Ambul/o (Root) - Relating to walking -esthesia (Suffix) - Referring to sensation or feeling -Mening/o (Root) - Pertaining to the membranes around the brain -Psych/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the mind -Contus/o (Root) - Relating to a bruise or contusion -Dys (Prefix) - Abnormal or painful condition -Hemi (Prefix) - (Right or left) Half of the body -Syncop/o (Root) - Relating to fainting due to decreased blood flow -Post (Prefix) - After or following an action or procedure

SPECIAL-SENSES BODY SYSTEM

ACCOMPANY, RECEIEVE, PACKAGE

Functions (1-3)

Receptors and Sensory Information

The Special Senses Body System is apart of every body system. The complimentary senses are sight, sound, taste, touch and smell. While this system is apart of every body system, the Nervous System receives stimuli from the environment and converts it to sensation Sensation can result in different reactions or responses based on the individual. These senses are located in the most vital organs that transmit information to the Nervous System like nasal passages.

Biomedical Treatment (2-3)

Drug therapy is an ethical biomedical treatment as surgery would be unnecessary for a singular sense unless major.

Decongestants

Cephalexin

Amoxcillin

A loss of taste can be a separate condition or symptom. Decongestants work to treat the source of the problem and relieve any symptoms.

Amoxcillin is an example of an antibiotic that can treat a child or adult's fungal or bacterial ear infection.

An example of a cephalosporin that treats fungal and bacterial skin diseases.

Essential Vocabulary (3-3)

-Irid/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the Iris of the eye-cusis (Suffix) - Relating to hearing or a hearing problem -opia (Suffix) - Relating to sight or a visual problem -Ot/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the ear -Tympan/o (Root) - Pertaining to the ear drum -Ophthalm/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to the eye -metry (Suffix) - A measurement or to measure -phobia (Suffix) - An excessive fear or anxiety of something -ptosis (Suffix) - Referring to the drooping eyelid condition -Rhin/o (Prefix/Root) - Pertaining to the nose -Phot/o (Prefix/Root) - Referring to light or something with light

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

GROWTH, FERTILIZATION, PRODUCTION

Functions (1-3)

SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS

The Female Repreoductive System is responsible for the development of a fetus, by protecting it within the uterus. With the release of an ovum, a female reproductive cell, and the fertilization of it, a zygote is born. The system is also the producer of estrogen which helps female growth (menstrual processes and menstruation cycles) and post-fetal growth.

The Male Repreoductive System specializes in spermatogenesis, which is the creation of sperm cells. These cells fertilize the female egg, becoming a zygote. Additionally, the body system is also responsible for the development of testosterone which is necessary for male growth (puberty).

Biomedical Treatment (2-3)

Usually, patients prefer examinations and surgeries of their reproductive tracts over periods of time to make sure there are no diseases or disorders.

Laparotomy

Laparoscopy

Hysteroscopy

A small or big incision made at the midline of the abdominal and pelvic cavity to examine internal organs or preform full-surgery.

A telescope-like instrument is inserted into the bellybutton to view the pelvic organs for any defects.

A telescope-like device is inserted into the uterine cavity to examine the uterus for diagnoses.

Variocelectomy

Vasectomy

Transurethral Resection

A treatment or removal of varioceles (enlarged and swollen veins) of the scrotum.

A surgery that cuts or seals sperm tubes that carry sperm to prevent pregnancy.

A resection surgery that unclogs, unblocks or alters the shape of reproductive tracts and organs for "normality".

Essential Vocabulary (3-3)

Female-Cervic/o (Root) - Pertaining to the cervix of uterus -Salping/o (Root) - Pertaining to the fallopian tubes -Ov/o (Root) - Relating to an egg or ovum -Oophor/o (Root) - Pertaining to the ovaries -Men/o (Root) - Referring to menstruation -Mamm/o (Root) - Pertaining to mammary organs like the breast -Gynec/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to a female -Colp/o (Root) - Pertaining to the vagina -Andr/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to a male -rrhagia (Suffix) - Excessive discharge or bleeding -Lact/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to milk -gravida (Suffix) - Pregnancy or pregnant woman

Male-An, A (Prefix) - Without or lacking -Orchid/o (Root) - Pertaining to the testicles -Oophor/o (Root) - Pertaining to the ovaries -Semin/o (Root) - Relating to sperm -Prostat/o (Root) - Pertaining to the prostate -Andr/o (Prefix/Root) - Relating to a male -Olig/o (Prefix/Root) - A few or little -Gon/o (Root) - Relating to the genitals or gonads -Crypt/o (Prefix/Root) - A decension or deep pit -Onc/o (Prefix/Root) - Referring to a mass, growth or cancerous bulk

Wrap-Up

The human body is a biodiverse environment with many different cells, organs and specialized functions. Every second: hundreds-of-thousands of cells die in our body and get replaced; nerve signals race to the brain, telling the body to move or respond; and trillions of chemical reactions occur at the molecular level for each body system. It is important to remember that the human body is still being studied and we are gaining new knowledge about diseases and cures from it. However, in the present, we can learn to create sustainable habits and become specialists that will improve healthcare for the better. The body is ever-changing.

Whenever the art of medicine is loved, there is also a love for humanity.

-Hippocrates

Thank You

Body Systems | Nithin Uday

General Citations (Most of these are for pictures)

-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/all/-https://depositphotos.com/photo/the-human-body-organs-by-x-rays-on-blue-background-73182939.html -https://depositphotos.com/photo/the-human-body-organs-by-x-rays-on-blue-background-72496207.html -https://leverageedu.com/blog/motivational-quotes-for-medical-students/

Skeletal Citations

-https://www.britannica.com/science/human-skeleton-https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21048-skeletal-system#:~:text=The%20skeletal%20system%20works%20as,also%20called%20the%20musculoskeletal%20system. -https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-musculoskeletal-system-what-is-it-189651 -https://unsplash.com/s/photos/human-skeleton https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/bones -https://www.jnjmedtech.com/en-IN/your-health-journey-bone-science -https://www.advancedboneandjoint.com/what-is-a-podiatrist/ -https://www.ibji.com/services/orthopedic-surgery/ -https://www.everydayhealth.com/news/osteoporosis-drugs-safe-dangerous/

Muscular Citations

-https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?mediatype=illustration&phrase=muscle+cell-https://www.biologyonline.com/tutorials/control-of-body-movement -https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1917-muscle-structure-muscle-under-the-microscope -https://therapyworks.com/blog/language-development/what-is-orofacial-myofunctional-therapy/ -https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/neurosciences/neuromuscular-program -https://www.spine-health.com/treatment/physical-therapy/myofascial-release-therapy -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/musculoskeletal-surgeries#definition -https://medlineunite.com/product/tn-fusion-plates/

Integumentary Citations

-https://www.techexplorist.com/human-skin-evolved-durable-flexible-possible/46933/-https://knowledge.carolina.com/discipline/life-science/anatomy-and-physiology/integumentary-system/ -https://www.healthline.com/health/layers-of-skin -https://www.news-medical.net/health/Adult-Acne.aspx -https://medlineplus.gov/eczema.html -https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/global-soft-tissue-repair-market-projected-grow-cagr-?trk=pulse-article_more-articles_related-content-card -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/musculoskeletal-surgeries -https://www.epiphanydermatology.com/services/dermatopathology/ -https://permanente.org/teledermatology-delivering-fast-high-quality-care-to-fight-skin-cancer/ -https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pemphigus/symptoms-causes/syc-20350404 -https://www.verywellhealth.com/steroids-topical-steroid-strengths-1068832 -https://www.amazon.com/MDacne-Supplements-Dermatologist-Formulated-Treatment/dp/B0924TK9JC -https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/dermal-filler-dos-and-donts-wrinkles-lips-and-more

Cardiovascular Citations

-https://unsplash.com/s/photos/stethoscope-https://www.cardio.com/blog/understanding-your-heart-and-how-it-functions -https://www.thoughtco.com/cardiovascular-system-373577 -https://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html -https://www.bioedonline.org/lessons-and-more/lessons-by-topic/nature-of-science/scientific-decision-making/heart-and-circulation-outside-and-inside/ -https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/man-having-chest-pains-gm506009064-83990127 -https://www.aclsmedicaltraining.com/atrial-fibrillation/ -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy -https://www.castleconnolly.com/topics/interventional-cardiology/what-is-interventional-cardiology -https://surgery.med.ufl.edu/education/advanced-surgical-training/thoracic-cardiovascular-surgical-fellowship/ -https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/treatments/pacemaker-procedure -https://4hcm.org/transvenous-implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator-icd-traditional/ -https://www.washingtonhra.com/ekg-monitoring/implantable-loop-recorder.php -

Digestive Citations

-https://unsplash.com/s/photos/food-on-table-https://allieddigestivehealth.com/how-dieticians-can-help-if-youre-seeing-a-gastrointestinal-specialist/ -https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/the-digestive-system-unlabeled-3d-vector-illustration-on-white-background-gm1141366972-305748114 -https://medlineplus.gov/anatomy.html -https://www.lifespan.io/topic/liver/ -https://www.royaldentalcare.com/teeth-whitening/ -https://www.okddsi.net/blog/what-are-gastroenterologists-and-gastroenterology -https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-hepatology -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/311357 -https://www.everydayhealth.com/hs/exocrine-pancreatic-insufficiency/what-is-epi/ -https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis -https://www.britannica.com/science/antacid -https://www.pepcid.com/our-products/maximum-strength-pepcid-ac -https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3766-2250/omeprazole-oral/omeprazole-delayed-release-tablet-oral/details

Pulmonary Citations

-https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-pulmonology-5081298-https://www.thoughtco.com/respiratory-system-4064891 -https://nddmed.com/blog/the-heart-and-the-lungs-whats-the-connection -https://www.verywellhealth.com/lung-anatomy-4843718 -https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-6-human-physiology/64-gas-exchange/lung-structure.html -https://www.physio-pedia.com/Chronic_Bronchitis -https://www.britannica.com/science/emphysema -https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-fibrosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353690#:~:text=Pulmonary%20fibrosis%20is%20a%20lung,progressively%20more%20short%20of%20breath. -https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201774 -https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/specialists-in-aging-do-you-need-a-geriatrician -https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/pulmonary-rehabilitation -https://www.thoracicsurgery.co.uk/segementectomy-and-wedge-resection/ -https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/lung-cancer/treatment/surgery/types -https://www.nhsbt.nhs.uk/organ-transplantation/lung/at-the-transplant-centre/lung-transplant-surgery/

Immune/Lymphatic Citations

-https://stock.adobe.com/images/human-lymphatic-system-unlabeled/163503155-https://imagebank.hematology.org/image/60511/lymphocyte -https://www.patientpower.info/navigating-cancer/my-white-blood-cells-are-elevated-should-i-be-worried -https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/when-should-i-get-bone-density-test -https://www.multicare.org/services-and-departments/rehabilitation/outpatient-services/lymphedema/ -https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2021/03/benefits-and-risks-of-chemotherapy -https://healthcare-in-europe.com/en/news/early-stage-lung-cancer-decision-radiotherapy-surgery.html -https://bodyofhealthandlife.com/lymphedema-wrapping/ -https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/lymphatic-system-in-human-body-gm542582610-97160649 -https://microbenotes.com/cells-of-the-immune-system/

Endocrine Citations

-https://www.endocrine.org/patient-engagement/endocrine-library/hormones-and-endocrine-function-https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/human-growth-hormone/7912.article -https://quizlet.com/274758133/label-endocrine-system-and-what-the-glands-do-diagram/ -https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-to-become-an-endocrinologist-1736293 -https://www.moffitt.org/cancers/neuroendocrine-tumor/your-neuroendocrine-tumor-specialists/ -https://www.news-medical.net/health/Addisons-Disease-and-Skin-Problems.aspx -https://diabetes.org/healthy-living/medication-treatments -https://www.consultant360.com/article/consultant360/prolactinoma-mimicking-migraine -https://www.eatright.org/health/health-conditions/cancer/chemotherapy-and-diet -https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2017/07/12/an-introduction-to-radiotherapy-what-is-it-how-does-it-work-and-whats-it-for/ -https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/home/for-patients/fact-sheets/hormone-therapy-for-breast-cancer-fact-sheet-2/ -https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1013849/view/insulin-hormone-molecule-illustration

Urinary Citations

-https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2021/signs-stages-of-kidney-disease.htmlhttps://www.verywellhealth.com/organ-system-1298691 -https://quizlet.com/327305160/excretory-system-diagram/ -https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/excretory-system-organs-function-definition.html -https://www.news-medical.net/health/Kidney-Stones-in-Children.aspx -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312579 -https://www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/o/overactive-bladder-%28oab%29 -https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24214-nephrologist -https://med.emory.edu/departments/urology/education/urologic-oncology-fellowship.html -https://www.empowerpharmacy.com/drugs/hydrochlorothiazide-hctz-tablets -https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11757/cephalexin-oral/details -https://www.vaccineshoppe.com/us/vsh/en/USD/Product-Catalog/Pharmaceuticals/Ceftriaxone-Sodium-for-Injection-USP-Hospira/p/0409-7332-01

Nervous Sys. Citations

-https://www.livescience.com/22665-nervous-system.html-https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-central-nervous-system-2794981 -https://timvandevall.com/science/human-brain-diagram/ -https://www.ntu.ac.uk/course/science-and-technology/pg/msc-neuropharmacology -https://www.invisionsallyjobe.com/what-is-a-neuroradiologist/ -https://radiopaedia.org/articles/colloid-cyst-of-the-third-ventricle -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9276 -https://raisingchildren.net.au/disability/guide-to-disabilities/assessment-diagnosis/cerebral-palsy -https://mdmercy.com/mercy-services/treatments/spinal-decompression-surgery -https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/pituitary-disorders/treatment/endoscopic-endonasal-surgery/ -https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/cerebral-fluid/procedures/shunts.html -https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vp-shunts.html -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326717

Special Senses Citations

-https://www.exploringnature.org/db/view/Special-Senses-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste -https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/somatosensory-receptors/ -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_system -https://www.beltone.com/en-us/articles/how-our-ears-hear -https://www.brainline.org/tbi-basics/interactive-brain -https://www.okoa.org/articles/otolaryngologists-and-everything-you-need-to-know-about-them -https://omfs.med.jax.ufl.edu/head-neck-oncologic-surgery-microvascular-fellowship/ -https://www.healthline.com/health/keratitis -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249285 -https://healthjade.net/ageusia/ -https://www.amazon.com/WELMATE-Decongestant-Phenylephrine-Antihistamine-Decongestants/dp/B09Q2B56B2 -https://www.ddgroup.com/anaesthetics--pharmaceuticals/antibiotics/naa019--amoxicillin-500mg-capsules/ -https://www.mcguffmedical.com/cephalexin-500mg-100-capsulesbottle -https://www.intercoastalmedical.com/2019/11/24/what-is-an-otolaryngologist/ -https://eschooltoday.com/learn/the-sense-of-sight-2/

Reproductive Citations

-https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/obgyn/fertility-infertility-reproductive-medicine/reproductive-endocrinologist-https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-6-human-physiology/66-hormones-homeostasis-and/male-reproductive-system.html -https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=female+reproductive+system -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen -https://www.iconpacks.net/free-icon/sad-face-2691.html -https://www.freepik.com/photos/baby -https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/cancer-cells-gather-speed-in-thicker-fluids-70781 -https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9130-uterine-fibroids -https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10857-endometriosis -https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200622/The-role-of-brain-cells-in-spreading-HIV.aspx -https://www.internships.com/careers/andrologist -https://medicine.iu.edu/urology/expertise/mens-sexual-health -https://living.aahs.org/womens-health/aamg-maternal-and-fetal-medicine-specialists-recognized-for-quality-ultrasound/ -https://www.acfs2000.com/reproductive-surgery.html -https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/hysteroscope -https://www.schoelly.de/en/medical-endoscopy/oem-products/endoscopes/laparoscopes -https://censis.com/blog/what-are-the-current-surgical-instrument-labeling-techniques/ -https://www.coats.com/en/industries/other-industrial-applications/applications/sutures -https://www.sklarcorp.com/vasectomy-piercing-forceps-5-1-2 -https://www.richard-wolf.com/en-us/disciplines/gynecology/princess-resectoscope -https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/gynecologic-oncology/overview/ovc-20424080

Hair Shaft

Capillaries (Not Rep.)

Epidermis

Sebaceous Gland

Sebum

Dermis

Hair Erector Muscle

Sweat Gland

Hair Follicle

Dermis (Subcutaneous Tissue)

The skin has keratinocytes to produce keratin for hydration, and has melanocytes that produce melanin to absorb harmful UV Rays. Melanin also plays a shared role in determining skin color!

Cardiovascular Surgeons

Interventional Cardiology

A surgeon that operates on the heart and blood vessels for transplants or damage repairs. Education Undergrad degree, board certification and 5+ cardiothoracic residency, Cardiovascular Certification, 2-3y+ extensive fellowship, maximum med-school

Speciality that treats blood diseases and pre-diagnoses with catheter-based treatment. This can be used during open-heart surgery. Education Undergrad degree, minimum of 4y+ residency, board certification + 1y fellowship, Cardiovascular Certification, (if needed) Therapy Certification, median med-school

Dermopathology

Teledermatology

A telecommunication field that applies technology to obtain a diagnosis or image of the patient's condition. Schooling: Undergrad degree, 3+ years residency, board certification, technology course training, 1+ fellowship, median med-school

A healthcare field that is dedicated to the study and prevention of pathologic diseases in the integumentary system. Schooling: Undergrad degree, 3+ year residency, board certification, 1y fellowship, median med-school

Central Nervous System - Brain

(Yellow-Middle Part) Peripheral Nervous System - Spinal Cord

(Blue) Varying specialized nerves

Teeth: Mechanical Digestion for big food molecules to be broken down for ingestion

Salivatry Glands: Chemical release for food breakdown

Esophagus: Passageway for food to go down into the stomach

Pancreas: Makes control hormones like insulin and products enzymes

Liver: Responsible for making drugs non-toxic, secretion of control-hormones for regulation, enzyme activation and blood processing

Stomach (Gastrointestinal Tract): Chemical Digestion with enzymes and digestive fluids that break food down and churn it into thyme for absorption

Large Intestine: Absorption of water and other nutrients while moving feces to rectum

Small Intestine: Appropriate nutrient absorption uses bacteria for protection and further digestion

Rectum: Stores waste (feces) until its time to release through anus

Gallbladder: Stores bile and secretes it into the small intestine for digestion (fats, proteins)

Anus: Releases wastes from rectum, removing toxic products

Appendix: Storing healthy gut bacteria for digestion and breakdown

Keratitis

Hearing Loss (Deafness)

Non-symptomatic Ageusia

A common condition that is caused from damage inside the ear or the decay of unreplacable sound receptors due to old age.Treatments Cochlear Implant Hearing Aid Bone-Implants for the ear

Inflammation of the cornea of the eye due to a fungal or bacterial infection leading to vision disorders like blindness. Treatments Self Moisteners (Teardrops) Medications like steroids and antibiotics Ice packs or other self-care

While Agueisa is a symptom, it is a separate disease as well. This can be caused by an immune disorder or fungal infection with the taste buds.Treatments Antibiotics Temp. Limited Diet Other Self Care

Cranium (With Manible, Skull)

Basic Bone Structure Anatomy

Mandible

Scapula

Sternum (Spine Thoracic Behind)

Ribcage

Radius

Ulna

Pelvis

Metacarpels Carpals

Femur

Patella

Tibula Fibula

Metatarsals/Tarsals

General Nephrology

Urologic Oncology

A doctor speciality that deals with the study of the general kidney structure\, biological processes and a broad viewpoint of the kidney's diseases. Schooling: Undergrad Degree, Nephrology Certification, 3-4+ residency, board certification, minimum med-school

A specialist of Urology that deals with specific cancers and abnormal cell disorders of the urinary tract system. Education: Undergrad Degree, 3-4y+ residency, Nephrology Certification, Board Certification, 1-2y+ fellowship, median med-school

Sight

Touch

Auditory

Smell

Taste

Endocrine Oncology

Neuroendocrinology

A doctor that specializes in the relationship of the Endocrine System and Nervous System with their disorders and function. Education: Undergrad Degree, 2-3+ residency, board certification, 2-3y fellowship, median med-school

A specialist of Endocrinology that examines the abnormal growth of cells, tumors or growths and masses of a gland. Education: Undergrad Degree, 4+ residency, board certification, 2+ years fellowship, (if needed) therapy certification, median med-school

Superior Vena Cava

Aorta

Heart

(Not Shown) Lungs

Inferior Vena Cva

Capillary

Kidneys

Renal Veins and Arteries

Circulatory Lymph Nodes

(Red) Artery, (Blue) Vein

The CV System helps transport: hormones, blood cells (red, white), nutrients, waste, lymph, extra substances, patheological substances

Bladder

Pubic Bone

Ejaculatory Duct

Seminal Vesicle

Penis

Prostate Area

Sperm Duct

Urethra

Epididymis

Scrot um

(Not the most accurate image of internal organs in the repro. system)

Testes (Testicles)

Gastroenterology

Hepatologist

A sub-digestive specialist that is dedicated to the prevention and treatment of liver diseases and diagnoses. Education: Undergrad Degree, (if needed) Oncology Cert., 3y+ residency, 1y+ fellowship, (if needed) Nurse Certification, minimum med-school

A type of doctor that specializes in diseases and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and digestive system. Education: Undergrad Degree, (if needed) Nurse Gastroenterology Cert., 3y+ residency, 1+ year fellowship, board certification (depends), minimum med-school

Hypothalamus: Response for regulating body's homeostasis through temp, heart rate and hunger

Pitutary Gland: Monitors all other glands and homeostasis for the body

Pineal Gland: Secretes melatonin for the sleep-day schedule

Parathyroid/Thyroid: Regulates metabolism and body growth

Adrenal Glands: Make hormones that respond to stress and other body functions

Pancreas: Secretes hormones that regulate and make blood sugar levels within normal range

Ovary/Placenta: Make hormones (estrogen) and body steroids that support female and fetal growth and the development of other body systems. Encases growing fetus for protection. Also develops ovum and egg for fetus

Testicle: Make sperm for fertilization of the ovum and testosterone for male development: musculoskeletal system growth, emotion, etc

Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Gynecologic Oncology

A specialized branch of fetal development that focuses on before, during and after fetal growth and high-risk pregnancies. Education Undergrad degree, median medical school, 4y+ residency, 1y+ fellowship, (depends) board certification, therapy certification

A female reproductive organ specialist that deals with abnormal cell growth (tumors), and sometimes, benign growths of the female reproductive system. Education Undergrad degree, median med-school, 3y+ residency, 2-3y+ fellowship, (if needed based on position) board certification

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Emphysema

Chronic Bronchitis

Lung damage caused by irritants and causes alveoli deterioration. Treatment Avoid Air Pollutants Reducing Stress Stimuli Bronchodilator Medication

The lungs become scarred overtime causing fatigue and breathing problems. Treatment Strong Medication Lung Transplant (Surgery) Completely reduce irritants (No Cure)

A condition that blocks airflow and causes breathing problem. Treatment Reducing Smoking Anti-Inflammatory Steroids Pulmonary Therapy

Parietal Lobe: 5 Senses, perception, interprets information from 5 senses

Frontal Lobe: Problem-solving, cognitive skills, analysis, motor functions

Occipital Lobe: Depth perception, color recognition, perceptual memory

Temporal Lobe: Processing, memory storage, recognition, auditory information

Cerebellum: Balance, posture, movement, possibly emotions and language

Brain Stem: Voluntary and involunary actions, single most important piece of the brain

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

Ulcerative Colitis

Gallstones

An inflammatory bowel condition that causes ulcers and other benign masses causing pain. Treatments Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Colostomy/Colectomy Proctocolectomy Procedure (Complete)

The small intestine has trouble digesting food products; a problem with the pancreas secreting enzymes. Treatments Pan. Enzy. Pills (PERT) (That's pretty much it, it is a chronic disease)

Gallstones are a build-up of cholestrol or other substances that cause a blockage in the gallbladder. Treatment Cholecystectomy Low-Fat Diet Cholestrol Medication

Tonsils

Thymus

Skin

Spleen

Blood Stream/Lymphatic Capillaries

Lymph Nodes

Mucous Membranes (Genitals, Bladder)

Bowel Systems

Bone Marrow holds blood cells until they are mature for release!

Nasal Cavity

Nostril

Pharanyx

Oral Cavity

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles, Alveoli

Artery

Right Lung

Left Lung

Diaphragm

Aorta

Pulmonary Artery

Superior Vena Cava

Pulmonary Vein

Left Atrium

Right Atrium

Aoritc Valve

Pulmonary Valve

Mitral Valve

Tricuspid Valve

Endocarium

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

Pericardium

Myocardium

Septum

Inferior Vena Cava

Prostate Cancer

Cryptochordism

Erectile Dysfunction

The condition of a testicle not being inside the scrotum at birth, this will sometimes fix itself months later. Treatment Surgery Short Physical/Supportive Therapy

Unregulated cell growth of the prostate that leads to tumors that damage surrounding tissue. Treatment Prostatectomy Radiotherapy Supportive Therapy

A condition where the male cannot keep an erection during sexual intercourse for semen transfer. Treatment Physical Exercises Vasodilators Hormone Medication

I can't show some of these images, especially with the diseases of both reproductive systems. While they are sensitive, most of them are blocked on school grounds, and I won't use graphic images.

Surgical Andrology

General Andrology

Specialists that focus on the male reproductive structure, disorders and diseases as well as their treatment plans. They can also be considered urologists. Education Undergrad degree, minimum medical school, 2-3y residency, 1y andrology fellowship, board certification

An Andrologist sub-speciality that is offered to operate on the male reproductive system, rather than be in general andrology. Education Undergrad degree, median medical school, 3-4y residency, 1y+ andrology fellowship, board certification

Coronary Artery DIsease

Arrhythmia

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A heart disease that causes the heart to beat too slowky (bradycardia) or cause tachycardia, an irregular heartbeat. Treatments Mini-Maze Procedure Beta Blocker Medication Reduction of Tabacco and other smoke products

One of the most lethal diseases. A buildup of plaque clogs coronary arteries that bring blood back to the heart. Treatments -Coronary Bypass Surgery -Medications like Beta Blockers and Statin -Angioplasty (Depends on Severity)

An inherited heart disorder that causes heart muscles to thicken around the left ventricle, resulting in a lower-than-normal amount of blood to be pumped out. Treatments Standard Heart Medication Pacemaker Placement Limited Exercise

Deltoid

Pectorals

Biceps

Triceps

Ulnaris

Rectus Abdominis Msuscle

Rectus Sheath

Umbilicus

Gluteus Maximumus

Quadraceps

Hamstrings

Soletus

Achilles Tendon

Cerebral Palsy

Bacterial Meningitis

Colloid Cyst

A bacterial infection of the Meninges that inflammate the membranes around the brain that is highly lethal and causes excessive vomitting. Treatment IV Antibiotics Surgical Drain Long-Term Pic-Line Antibiotics

A disorder that affects a person's ability to maintain a proper balance, posture and has irregular involuntary actions. Treatment Surgery (Gastrotomy) Physical/Speech Therapy Cell Transplant

A slow-growing, benign tumor that is present at birth and causes memory loss, severe migranes and excessive vomitting. Treatment Neurosurgery (Craniotomy)

Neuropharmacology

Neuroradiologist

A sub-specilaity of radiology that focuses on diseases, disorders and the structure of all nervous system areas with neuro-imaging like MRIs. Education: Undergrad Degree, 4-5y+ residency, 1-2y+ fellowship, board certification, technology/radio-imaging course certification, median med-school

A specialist of the Nervous System that observes the effects of medicine and prescription drugs on the nervous system and basic behaviors. Education: Undergrad Degree, 4y+ residency, 1y fellowship, board certification (depends), minimu med-school

Fundus

Fallopian Tube

Uterus

Ovaries

Cervix

Metries (Cervix Layers)

Vagina

Kidneys

Renal Veins and Arteries

Ureters

The Excretory and Urinary processes are the same body system, they both expel waste. The feces pathway is included on the Digestive System segment.

Bladder

Urethra

Prolactinoma

Type II Diabetes

Addison's Disease

A sub-category of diabetes that causes the body to not secrete enough insulin or react properly to it. Treatment Physical Exercise Oral Medication Reducing Sugary Diet

A benign tumor of the Pituitary Gland that lowers the amount of overall hormones. Treatments Trans-Cranial Surgery Radiation Therapy Dopamine Promoters

A condition where the body does not make enough hormones (cortisol) causing fatigue and a low bp. Treatment Strong Steroids Steroid Replacment Therapy

HIV/AIDS

Endometriosis

Uterine Fibroids

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus are Sexually-Transmitted Diseases that weaken the immune system in both men and women and cause other problems. Treatment HIV Antiviral Medication Other Future Drug Treatments

Tissue that lines the uterus grows outside the uterus in places that are abnormal for such growth. Treatment Laparoscopic Surgery Hormone Medication Self-Care Healing Pads

A disease that causes benign growths to develop in the uterus causing pain. Treatment Sex Medication Hysterectomy (Major) Progestin IUD Contraceptive

Bronchus

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Microvascular Surgery

General Otolaryngology

A type of field that involves the operation of tiny blood vessels for many purposes like reattaching limbs for body processes. Education Undergrad degree, 2-3y+ residency, board certification, 2y+ fellowship, certifying and qualifying examinations, median med-school

Specialists that deal with the head, throat and sometimes ears and mouth. They offer surgical and nonsurgical treatments. Education Undergrad degree, 4-5y+ residency, board certification, 1-2y+ for some fellowships if necessary (similar to an ENT but different), minimum med-school

Pulmonary Rehab. Therapist

Geriatric Pulmonogist

A type of Pulmonologist that deals with patients that need special pulmonary rehabilitation for recovery. Education Undergrad degree, psychology degree, minimum of 3-4y+ residency, (optional) board certificaton, counseling degree, 2-3+ fellowship, minimum med-school

A speciality that deals with the respiratory health of elderly patients and disease prevention. Education Undergrad degree, residency, 4+ years residency, board certification, 2y+ fellowship (with intro course), minimum med-school

Tonsils

Axillary Lymph Nodes

Right Lymphatic Duct

Spleen

Lymphatic Capillaries

Thoracic Lymph Duct

Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Tonsils - First line of defense for pathogens Spleen - Cleans and destroys blood cells for regulation Lymph Nodes - Filters substances and Lymph

Osteoimmunology

General Lymphology

Osteoimmunologists specialize in the study of bone diseases caused by immune disorders and responses. Education: Undergrad Degree, 3-5y+ residency, 1-2y+ fellowship, board certification, biological-forensic anthropology certification, median med-school

Lymphologists focus on lymph circulation and lymph nodes in order to prevent, (if not) diagnose and treat diseases by the lymphatic system. Education: Undergrad Degree, Lymphedema Certification, 3-4y+ residency, board certification (no fellowship unless going into specialization), minimum med-school