1.3 separation techniq

1.3 Separating techniques

ChemistryUpper School The American School Foundation

Last class recap

Last class we classified matter by its components. What do you remember about it? Try to complete the matter scheme in the space provided in your notes WITHOUT looking at last class’ material. Most day-to-day matter we encounter is in the form of ?

Today's Lesson:

• Understand the concept of purity and the presence of impurities in substances.
• Describe the basic separation techniques: filtration, distillation, chromatography, and fractional distillation.
• Recognize the significance of separating techniques in various scientific and real-world applications.

the meaning of pure

What does the word “pure” mean in everyday life? For example: the label 'pure' orange juice. What’s in the juice? What’s a pure substance according to last class? Think, pair and share

pure substances

Would you say then that orange juice is “pure” chemically? The juice is not pure in the chemical sense, because it contains different substances mixed together. In chemistry: a pure substance consists only of one element or one compound. A mixture consists of two or more different substances, not chemically joined together

Separation techniques

Since mixtures are made up of different components, they can be separated. The method you use depends upon the type of mixture you have. Let’s take a look at some the most common!

Chromatography

Analytical technique commonly used for separating a mixture of chemical substances into its individual components, so that the individual components can be thoroughly analyzed.

Chromatography

Chromatography

Chromatography

A spot of the mixture is placed near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper and the paper is then placed upright in a suitable solvent, eg water. As the solvent soaks up the paper, it carries the mixtures with it. Different components of the mixture will move at different rates. This separates the mixture out.

Chromatography

Chromatography

filtration

filtration

filtration

evaporation

evaporation

evaporation

Distillation

Distillation is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated.

Distillation

In simple distillation, a mixture is heated, and the most volatile component vaporizes at the lowest temperature. The vapor passes through a cooled tube (a condenser), where it condenses back into its liquid state. The condensate that is collected is called distillate.

Distillation

fRACTIONAL Distillation

fRACTIONAL Distillation

fRACTIONAL Distillation

how do you think we use these techniques in industry? Remember chemisty is everywhere!