Learning Theories Part 1

Major Characteristics

Major Theorist

Role of Memory

Major characteristics of the behaviorism learning theory are learned through the environment. Behaviorism is classified through classical, operant and observational conditioning(Clark, 2018).

The role of memory is not usually addressed by theorists. Forgetting is associated with not using the stimulus or response(Ertmer, et al., 2013)

Ivan Pavlov is a major theorist associated with the behaviorism learning theory(Guercio, 2020).

Behaviorism

Learning Theory

Types of learning

How Learning Occurs

Types of learning best associated with behaviorism are the use of cues, repitition, and positive reinforcement.(Ertmer, et al., 2013).

Learning occurs when the right response is shown after the stimulus is presented. The stimulus must be created, strengthened, and sustained (Ertmer, et al., 2013).

Role of Memory

Memory is a key component of the Cognitivism theory. Theorists discuss long-term and short-term memory. Organization and use of information affects memory. Short-term can be made into long-term memory by strong learners (Ornstein, et al., 2016)

Major Theorist

Major Characteristics

Jean Piaget is a major theorist associated with cognitivism (Mcleod, 2023).

Cognitivism is characterized by memory, reasoning, and attention(Ornstein, et al., 2016).

Cognitivism

Learning Theory

How Learning Occurs

Types of learning

Learning occurs in 3 steps. Aquisition is gaining new information. Transformation is processing new information. Evaluation determines how to information can be used or not used(Ornstein, et al., 2016)

Types of learning in the cognitive learning theory are focused on the processing of information. Students are given information and time to process and handle the information(Ornstein et al.,, 2016).

Role of Memory

Major Theorist

Major Characteristics

Learnes must take information and expand on it in order to continue learning. Cognitive tools are contructed and expanded on difference experiences(Ertmer, et al., 2013).

Characteristics of constructivism are knowledge and learning.. Learning is connected to experiences and the connections(Ornstein et al.,, 2016).

Lev Vygotski is a major theorist associated with the constructivism theory.

Constructivism

Learning Theory

How Learning Occurs

Types of learning

Learning occurs when meaning is created from experiences. Students are guided by the teacher.Learners create new experiences through current experiences(Ertmer, et al., 2013).

Metacognition means students are aware of the learning process and understand how to take knowledge and use it(Ornstein, et al., 2016)

References

Clark, K. R. (2018, November). Learning Theories: Behaviorism. Radiologic Technology, 90(2), 172–175. Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism: Comparing Critical Features From an Instructional Design Perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43–71. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/piq.21143 Guercio, J. M. (2020). The importance of a deeper knowledge of the history and theoretical foundations of behaviorism and behavior therapy: Part 2—1960–1985. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 20(3), 174–195. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/bar0000178 Mcleod, S., PhD. (2023). Jean Piaget and His Theory & Stages of Cognitive Development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2016). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues. (7th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. ISBN-13: 9780134060354