bio presentation class 10 environment

our environment

Topic- How do our activities affect the environment

Sub-topics :-

• Negative effects on environment
• Positive effects on environment

• Introduction

• What are these activities ?

• Waste produced during activities
• Types of waste

• How does waste's effect our environment ?
• What has done to reduce these effects ?

• What has done to reduce these effects ?

• Conclusion

Start

• Vighnesh Kharbanda
• Yash Arora

By -

What is Environment

• Environment refers to the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist.

• It includes natural elements like air, water, soil, and living organisms.

• The environment provides resources for life, influences weather patterns, and is

affected by human activities.

• It's essential to protect and maintain a healthy environment for a sustainable future.

what are these activities ?

Positive effects on Environment

• Renewable Energy Adoption: Transitioning to solar, wind, and hydroelectric power reduces reliance on fossil

fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions.

• Reforestation and Afforestation: Planting trees helps combat deforestation, enhances biodiversity.

• Waste Recycling: Proper recycling reduces landfill waste, conserves resources, and decreases pollution.

positive policy changes. .

• Reduced Plastic Use: Minimizing single-use plastics reduces plastic pollution in oceans and ecosystems.

• Environmental Education and Advocacy: Raising awareness fosters responsible behavior and encourages

Negetive effects on Environment

• Ozone layer and its depletion :

• Time to Time due to human activities ozone has started depleting which has become a problem for humanity.

• Ozone is essential for maintaining a habitable environment.

• .Ozone (O3) is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen .i.e. O+02->O3.

• It prevents harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays which causes skin cancer from reaching the surface, safeguarding life.

• The ozone layer is a protective shield of ozone gas high in the Earth's atmosphere.

how is ozone formed ?

why and how is ozone depleting ?

Climate Change

Pollution and Deforestation

what has done to reduce these effect5

• Climate change is primarily occurring due to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

• The burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy, deforestation, industrial processes, and agriculture releases vast amounts of greenhouse gases into the air are one of the major factors affecting climate.

• Climate change can alter atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to shifts in weather patterns, increased intensity of storms, and changes in rainfall distribution.

• The burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and factories releases pollutants into the air.

• Improper disposal of waste, including plastics, chemicals, and hazardous materials, pollutes land and water.

• Building roads, highways, and urban areas requires clearing forests.

• Altered rainfall patterns and increased temperatures due to climate change can stress forests and make them more susceptible to degradation.

What has done to Reduce these Effect 's ?

• Due to depltion of ozone layer, the UV rays are causing a huge impact on earth, So In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) succeeded in forging an agreement to freeze CFC production at 1986 levels.

• It is now mandatory for all the manufacturing companies to make CFC-free refrigerators throughout the world.

• International Agreements are being held for eg- Global agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to address climate change collectively.

• The protocol raised public awareness about the dangers of ODS and the importance of protecting the ozone layer.

• Initiating campaigns to minimize single-use plastic and promote biodegradable alternatives.

• Large-scale tree planting initiatives to restore degraded landscapes.

• The Government is putting a lot of effort on management of wastes.

What is Waste ?

"Empowering Change: Collective Efforts to Diminish Environmental Impact"

Waste produced during Activities

What are these Wastes and What happen to them ?

• There are different types of activities through which different wastes are produced.

• From household works Household waste, including paper, plastic, glass are produced while during industrial activities chemicals, metals and other wastes are fromed.

• Hazardous wastes from industries and sewage affect people's livelihood.

• With time to time some waste's turn to manures while some other wastes are not turned and become harmful and causes pollution.

• Waste refers to materials that are no longer needed, valuable, or useful and are discarded.

• On the basis of Biodegradability waste's are classified in two types:

NON-BiodegradabLE WASTE'S

BiodegradabLE WASTE'S

How does Biodegradable Wastes affect the Enviornment ?

• Biodegradable wastes, while generally less harmful than non-biodegradable wastes, can still have both positive and negative effects on the environment:

1. Biodegradable organic matter, like food scraps and yard waste, can be composted, returning valuable nutrients to the soil which enhances soil fertility and reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers.

2. The presence of organic matter in soil, due to compost from biodegradable waste, can reduce soil erosion by improving soil structure and stability.

1. In specific conditions, such as in poorly managed landfills, biodegradable waste can produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.

2. When organic waste decomposes in landfills without proper controls, it can release odorous compounds and leach pollutants into the soil and groundwater.

How does Non - Biodegradable Wastes affect the Enviornment ?

• Non-biodegradable wastes can have several negative effects on the environment due to their persistence and resistance to natural decomposition, there impact's on Environment :

1. Non-biodegradable materials like plastics, metals, and synthetic fabrics can accumulate in the environment, causing pollution.

2. Non-biodegradable waste materials can disrupt natural habitats and harm wildlife. For example, animals may ingest plastic.

3. When non-biodegradable materials enter water bodies, they can persist for a long time, releasing toxic chemicals and disrupting aquatic ecosystems.

4. Non-biodegradable waste can persist in the environment for centuries, leading to ongoing environmental problems. To solve this problem many efforts are being held.

Efforts to reduce these impacts

Efforts to reduce the Waste's Effects

• Efforts to reduce the environmental impact of waste include various strategies and practices aimed at minimizing waste generation, promoting recycling and reuse, and responsible disposal.

• Encouraging individuals and businesses to generate less waste through practices like buying products with less packaging, reducing food waste, and using reusable items.

• During old times, tea was served in plastic cups in local trains, these cups will show a huge impact no one knew, and an alternative for this was kulhad's but it will cause the loss of the fertile top soil. Nowadays, disposable paper cups are being used which are eco-friendly.

• Using advanced technologies to convert non-recyclable waste into energy, which can help reduce the reliance on fossil fuels.

• Implementing comprehensive recycling programs that collect, sort, and process materials like paper, plastics, glass, and metals for reuse in new products. for eg- companies like Nike used reusable material waste for the manufacturing of their Flyknit lowers.

QUIZ

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Biodegradable Waste

• We all know biodegradable wastes means wastes which are biodegradable in nature, but what does it really mean ?

• Biodegradable waste consists of organic materials that can naturally break down into non-toxic substances when exposed to microorganisms and environmental conditions.

• Biodegradable waste includes food scraps, yard waste, paper, and natural textiles.

• Biodegradable waste decomposition is eco-friendly and it is often used in composting to create nutrient-rich soil amendments.

how do they effect environment

What are these activities

• Deforestation: Clearing forests for agriculture or development.

• Afforestation: Planting trees to combat deforestation and enhance biodiversity.

• Pollution: Releasing harmful substances into air, water, and soil.

• Recycling: Reusing materials to decrease waste and conserve resources.

• Waste Generation: Improper disposal of plastic and other waste.

• Renewable Energy: Using sources like solar and wind to reduce fossil fuel dependence.

• Urbanization: Expanding cities and encroaching on natural habitats.

• Environmental Education: Raising awareness for responsible actions.

negetive effcts on environment

positive effcts on environment

Non - Biodegradable Waste

• Proper disposal and recycling of non-biodegradable waste are crucial to minimize environmental impacts.

• Examples of Non - Biodegradable Wastes are Plastics, Glass, Metals and Certain Chemicals.

• Non-biodegradable wastes are materials that do not naturally break down or decompose over time. They persist in the environment, leading to long-term pollution and ecological harm.

how do they effect environment

What are these activities

• Deforestation: Clearing forests for agriculture or development.

• Afforestation: Planting trees to combat deforestation and enhance biodiversity.

• Pollution: Releasing harmful substances into air, water, and soil.

• Recycling: Reusing materials to decrease waste and conserve resources.

• Waste Generation: Improper disposal of plastic and other waste.

• Renewable Energy: Using sources like solar and wind to reduce fossil fuel dependence.

• Urbanization: Expanding cities and encroaching on natural habitats.

• Environmental Education: Raising awareness for responsible actions.

positive effcts on environment

negetive effcts on environment

Why and How ?

Ozone Depletion

• The amount of ozone in the atmosphere began to drop sharply in the 1980s.

• Ozone depletion is primarily caused by the release of human-made chemicals known as ozone-depleting substances (ODS).

• This decrease has been linked to synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are used as refrigerants and in fire extinguishers.

• ODS are released into the atmosphere through human activities.

• the ODS molecules are broken down by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.

• This destruction of ozone creates a region with lower ozone concentrations, often referred to as the "ozone hole."

• The most prominent ozone hole is observed over Antarctica during certain times of the year.

• As the ozone layer thins, it allows more harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun to reach the Earth's surface.

Non - Biodegradable Waste

• Proper disposal and recycling of non-biodegradable waste are crucial to minimize environmental impacts.

• Examples of Non - Biodegradable Wastes are Plastics, Glass, Metals and Certain Chemicals.

• Non-biodegradable wastes are materials that do not naturally break down or decompose over time. They persist in the environment, leading to long-term pollution and ecological harm.

how do they effect environment

Ozone Formation

the history of ozone

• Ozone is formed in the Earth's atmosphere through a process involving ultraviolet (UV) radiation and oxygen molecules.

• When high-energy ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun reaches the Earth's atmosphere, it interacts with oxygen molecules (O2) present in the lower atmosphere.

• The UV radiation is strong enough to break apart oxygen molecules (O2) into individual oxygen atoms (O).

• The free oxygen atoms (O) can then react with other oxygen molecules (O2) to form ozone (O3).

• The ozone layer, a concentrated region of ozone molecules, forms in the stratosphere.

• Ozone was first discovered in the late 18th century by a German-Swiss chemist.

• He noticed a distinct smell during electrical experiments and identified it as a new form of oxygen, which he named "ozone".

• In the early 20th century, scientists developed instruments to measure ozone concentration in the atmosphere.

• They discovered the ozone layer in the stratosphere, a region rich in ozone that absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

What are these activities

• Deforestation: Clearing forests for agriculture or development.

• Afforestation: Planting trees to combat deforestation and enhance biodiversity.

• Pollution: Releasing harmful substances into air, water, and soil.

• Recycling: Reusing materials to decrease waste and conserve resources.

• Waste Generation: Improper disposal of plastic and other waste.

• Renewable Energy: Using sources like solar and wind to reduce fossil fuel dependence.

• Urbanization: Expanding cities and encroaching on natural habitats.

• Environmental Education: Raising awareness for responsible actions.

positive effcts on environment

negetive effcts on environment