The Colonies Develop FULL

Colonial Development

New England Colonies

121-131

New England Colonies

Education Importance

To read:Religious and moral texts. Importantly: Some states required their citizens to understand the Bible and civil laws. How did they control this?Education Laws--Massachusets for example in 1642: Fined adults who failed to teach their children and apprentices to read. Those who did not follow this could have their children removed.

Education Importance

Then in 1647: the law changed the responsibility for teaching literacy from the parents to the town. 50 Families-Hire someone to teach the children. 100-Required to open a Latin Grammar School. Common Schools: Modern day elementary schools Latin Grammar Schools: Modern-day Secondary Schools.

Colleges were created to educate members of the clergy. Only men could go.

Newspapers/Books

Literacy rises:People begin to enjoy books especially those that tell stories about the American experience. Almanacs rise in popularity.Books full of a variety of useful information.

How did the New Englanders make a Living?

Subsistence Farming:Farmers would produce enough food to provide for their families and only a little was left to sell.

Farming was the most common practice in the New England Colonies.

It became obvious who were wealthier and Social Classes grew apart.

Whaling and Fishing allowed Colonists to engage in International Trade, commercial products, and the growth of the Shipbuilding Industry.

New England became the center of Colonial Trade

Colonial Trade

Trade is vital for the colonies.They particpated in Triangular Trade between Europe and Africa, with the New England colonies being the main trading hub.

Colonial Trade

• Trade brings the need for shipbuilders and a lot of provisions.
• Thus large port cities begin to spring up.
• This trade brings income into the New England Colonies.

Who benefits the most?

• England benefits the most from trade.
• Navigation Acts (1651)
• English ships and ships made in their colonies can be the only ones to supply goods.
• List of goods that indicate goods that can only be sold to England and its colonies.
• England controls and taxes all trade.

Colonial Trade

The Golden Age of Piracy begins.Many colonists also turn to smuggling goods.

Society and Religion

New England farms were small. Most could not afford slaves.

2/3% of the Population was slaves. This was not due to opposition to slavery but rather geographic and economic factors. What do you think these factors were?

Society and Religion

Protestant groups clash.Puritans being the worst offenders.The Puritans:

• Execute members of the Quakers
• Object against the rising Merchant Class
• Punished citizens of other faiths.

Their membership soon began to decline.

Society and Religion

The Puritans are given two options. 1. Obey the terms of the colonial charter which guarantees religious freedom. 2. Have the charter revoked. The Puritans believed they did not have to answer to the crown. So, King Charles II and later King James II strengthened their power over the Massachusetts Bay colonies.

Dominan of New England

Massachusets Bay, Plymouth, New Hampshire, Maine, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey.

Colonists were upset, they believed they were being stripped of their rights and freedoms. 1691: New charter guaranteeing religious freedom, right to vote to any man who held property.

Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies

132-139

Plantation Crops

Cash Crops: Crops grown for sale rather than for use by the farmers themselves.-Tabacco -Indigo -Rice

The South:Fertile Lands Mild Climate

• 1160: Only 900 Africans were in the Southern Colonies.
• 17:20 1/5th of the Population
• 1750: 1/3-1/2

Slavery Expands

1698: England grants all English merchants premission to participate in Slave trading.

Wealth and Class

Wealth Disparity between the rich farmers and the poor farmers.

Wealthy:

• Luxiorus Farms
• Many Slaves
• Lived like nobles from Europe

Backcountry:

• Immigrant Owned
• Self-sufficient
• Simple Homes
• Not Cash-Crops
• Little to No Slaves

Life Under Slavery

• Slaves were not allowed to marry.
• Couples had to have permission from their masters to live together.
• Marriages could be torn apart.
• Built their own homes.
• Blended African languages with English.
• Had an influence on America through their music, and African designed items.

Rebellion

• Staging slowdowns of work
• Fake illness
• Secretly destroy crops/tools
• Some became violent.

Stono Rebellion

• 1739: 50+ revolt.
• Jemmy (Cato) was a
• literate slave.
• They were killed by

the South Carolina Militia.

• Spread fear through the colonies.
• South Carolina: The slave code of 1740 made all enslaved people permanent slaves and could not learn to read or write.

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies

140-145

Agricultural Production

• Grains thrived in the Middle Colonies. (Breadbasket)

• Arable land (fertile land)
• Cheap land, limited gov't control, and religious tolerance.
• Many Germans immigrated here.

• Germans brought with them:
• New agricultural techniques
• Shelter for animals in the winter
• Some indentured servants
• Became wealthier/prosperous
• Pushed Natives from their land.

Agricultural Production

The Gristmill saved time and energy by grinding wheat into flour. Harnessed the power of water.

Cities Growth

As in NE Colonies port cities grow rapidly, thriving on crops and trade.Philidephia and New York New York was part of New Netherland:

• Connections with Dutch traders and the Dutch West Indies

Diversity

England took possession of New Netherland which was home to many Scandinavians, French Protestants, Jews, and other settlers. Many other immigrants: Germans -For the religious freedom.

Culture

Religious tolerance = A large variety of cultures.Non-conformity Allowed to practice what they wanted equal rights/opportunities. Quakers: First group to ban slave-holding.

Race Tension

Dutch West Indian Company: Older slaves were released but not their children.Other slaves had to buy freedom. 1/5th were free in 1664. Tolerance for diversity did not extend to Africans free or enslaved.

Race Tension

Rebellion comes from restrictions on African American income and work. April 6th, 1712: 20 enslaved people set fire to a building. 9 died. Violence committed in response outweighed the crimes they committed. Questions about slavery began to rise in the minds of people.

Roots of American Democracy

146-153

Men Women

Women

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Great Awakening

Enlightenment

Rights in England and the Colnies

John Peter Zegnger/Free Speech

The French and Indian War

154-159

War Begins

Started with Conflict over the Ohio River Vally.

Impact of the War-Treaty of Paris

Examine the two maps, what has changed due to the French and Indian War?

Impact of the War Continued

Pontiac's Rebellion

• Native Americans suffered greatly from the war, due to British Policies, prices, and limiting the trade Natives could particpate in.
• And then, new settlers began to enter the Ohio River Vally in violation of existing treaties.