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adverbs

DEFINition of adverb

Definition of adverb

Adverbs are not a comnpulsory element in a sentence. However, as they are used to modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a prepositional phrase or even a clause, proper use of adverbs is a good indication of one's English proficiency level. That is why test items of adverb occur frequently in the TOEIC test. It answers the question: How?Example:

• He runs fast – Answer to the question: How does he run?
• She cooks very well – Answer to the question: How does she cook?

Positions and Functions of Adverbs

1. At the end of a sentence to modify another adverbAdverbs can be used one after another in the structure [Adverb + Adverb] Ex: easily understandably in This book is written easily understarndably. 2. Before an adjective to modify it Subject + be + Adv + Adj He is very kind Adv + Adj + N a very kind man 3. Before a verb to modify it An adverb can come before a verb to modify it in the structure [Subject+Adverb+ Verb] Ex: It will probably rain tomorrow.

Positions and Functions of Adverbs

4. Before or after a past participle to modify it in the pasive voice structure An adverb can come before or after a past participle in the passive voice structure [be + past participle + Adverb] or [be + Adverb + past participle] Ex: Compared to last quarter's, the profits were reduced substantially 5. At the beginning of a sentence to modify the whole sentence Normally, when you see a blank followed by a comma (,) in front of the subject of a sentence, that blank is very probably for an adverb to modify the whole sentence. Ex: Unfortunately, our company didn't get the contract for some reason

Confusable Adverbs

Confusable adverbs

Some adverbs have two forms - with -ly and without -ly - with different meanings. Some without -ly are also used as adiectives sometimes. Familiarize yourself with a few of them as provided in this table below.

signs of adverb

Signs of adverb

Adverbs usually appear as: Adv = Adj + ly Some exceptional features:

• Words ending in ly are adjectives. For example: weekly, daily, friendly, monthly, quarterly, yearly.....
• Words without ly ending but are considered adverbs eg hard, fast, late, near….

practice

1. He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up_______ a. late b. lately c. slowly d. hardly 2. Both girls write to each other regularly. They write_______ a. frequently b. occasionally c. sometimes d. now again 3. He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer_______ a. friendly b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly ways 4. He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room _______ a. the whole b. the all c. all day d. all of 5. Bill is a harder worker. He works_______ than Joe. a. harder b. more hard c. more hardly d. hardier

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