EXPLORING THE TERRAIN
Unit 1_Minerals, rocks and landforms
EMPEZAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MINERALS
3. ROCKS
4. LANDFORMS FORMATION
5. LANDFORMS & bodies of water
6. SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
IS IT A MINERAL OR A ROCK?
Could you tell which is which?
The solid layer of the Earth is made up of rocks and minerals, but... how can we distinguish them from one another? Click on the next slide and you'll find out.
VS
ROCKS
MINERALS
are:
are:
natural substances
solid
inorganic
natural, solid substances
made up of different minerals
& can have parts of dead living things
EXAMPLE
MINERALS
PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Some the physical properties that we can use to identify minerals are:
shape
hardness
colour
lustrE
MAGNETISM
is the resistance to scratching, measured by scratching the mineral against another substance of known hardness
which can be regular (geometric shapes) or irregular
describes how the mineral reflects light and how brilliant the mineral is
some minerals can attract metals, like magnetite
some minerals have very characteristic colours which make them very attractive for humans
CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS
According to their chemical composititon, minerals can be calssified into:
NON-SILICATES
SILICATES
These are the most abundant. They contain silicon and oxygen.
They do not contain silicon and oxygen.
ROCKS
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
Rocks are classified into three groups according to how they are formed:
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
They are produced when igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to great heat and pressure.
They are formed when magma or lava cools down and solidifies.
They are formed from fragments of other rocks or parts of dead living things.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
LANDFORMS FORMATION
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
INTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
The Earth's relief is the result of the action of internal and external geological processes. Let's take a look to the internal ones:
CONTINENTAL COLLISION
VOLCANOES
EARTHQUAKES
Volcanic eruptions modify the landscape creating new landforms, such as islands.
When pieces of the Earth's surface (tectonic plates) collide, the crust is pushed upwards forming mountains.
A sudden shake of the ground due to the release of the Earth's energy.
INTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
The Earth's relief is the result of the action of internal and external geological processes. Let's take a look to the internal ones:
CONTINENTAL COLLISION
VOLCANOES
EARTHQUAKES
Volcanic eruptions modify the landscape creating new landforms, such as islands.
When pieces of the Earth's surface (tectonic plates) collide, the crust is pushed upwards forming mountains.
A sudden shake of the ground due to the release of the Earth's energy.
EXTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Over time, external geological agents change the Earth's relief created by internal processes. These external geological agents are: water, ice, wind, and living things.
DEPOSITION
TRANSPORTATION
EROSION
The accumulation of eroded materials transported by external geological agents can produce new landforms like dunes or deltas.
The action of water, ice, air and living things wear down rocks and soil creating valleys, caves, coastlines and other interresting features.
The eroded materials are moved from the place where they were originally to other places by external agents like ice or wind.
LANDFORMS and bodies OF WATER
GLOSSARY OF GEOGRAPHY TERMS
BODIES OF WATER
LANDFORMS
Peninsula :
Ocean:
A landform surrounded by water except for one side, called isthmus.
Large expanse of saltwater. They cover the 70% of the Earth's surface.
Sea:
Island:
Body of saltwater much smaller than an ocean.
Area of land all surrounded by water.
Gulf:
Archipelago:
Portion of the sea surrounded by land, except one narrow opening.
It is a group of islands.
Cape:
Bay:
High point of land that extends into a body of water.
Similar to a gulf, but smaller and less enclosed.
Mountain:
Strait:
A landform that is much higher than the land around it.
A narrow passage of water connecting to seas.
Beach:
Mountain range:
It is a group of mountains.
A narrow strip of land separating a body of water from inland areas.
BODIES OF WATER
LANDFORMS
River:
Volcano:
Large flowing stream of water that leads to the sea or a lake.
An opening in the Earth's surface through which lava, ash or gases erupt.
Tributary (stream):
Plateau:
Flowing stream of water that leads to another river.
A flat, elevated landform that rises above the surrounding area.
Lake:
Depression/basin:
Body of fresh water surrounded by land.
A flat landform sunken below the surrounding area.
Glacier
Valley:
Thick mass of ice that covers a large area of land.
The low lying area between two mountains or hills.
Delta:
Landform shaped like a triangle, created by deposition of sediment carried by a river.
Desert:
Dry area of land which receives little or almost no rainfall.
SUMMARY
LET'S MAKE A MINDMAP TO SUM UP THE UNIT!
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
WE ARE ALL SET!
Unit 1_Exploring the terrain
Colegio Navacerrada
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Rocks, minerals and landforms
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Transcript
EXPLORING THE TERRAIN
Unit 1_Minerals, rocks and landforms
EMPEZAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MINERALS
3. ROCKS
4. LANDFORMS FORMATION
5. LANDFORMS & bodies of water
6. SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
IS IT A MINERAL OR A ROCK?
Could you tell which is which?
The solid layer of the Earth is made up of rocks and minerals, but... how can we distinguish them from one another? Click on the next slide and you'll find out.
VS
ROCKS
MINERALS
are:
are:
natural substances
solid
inorganic
natural, solid substances
made up of different minerals
& can have parts of dead living things
EXAMPLE
MINERALS
PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Some the physical properties that we can use to identify minerals are:
shape
hardness
colour
lustrE
MAGNETISM
is the resistance to scratching, measured by scratching the mineral against another substance of known hardness
which can be regular (geometric shapes) or irregular
describes how the mineral reflects light and how brilliant the mineral is
some minerals can attract metals, like magnetite
some minerals have very characteristic colours which make them very attractive for humans
CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS
According to their chemical composititon, minerals can be calssified into:
NON-SILICATES
SILICATES
These are the most abundant. They contain silicon and oxygen.
They do not contain silicon and oxygen.
ROCKS
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
Rocks are classified into three groups according to how they are formed:
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
They are produced when igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to great heat and pressure.
They are formed when magma or lava cools down and solidifies.
They are formed from fragments of other rocks or parts of dead living things.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
LANDFORMS FORMATION
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
INTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
The Earth's relief is the result of the action of internal and external geological processes. Let's take a look to the internal ones:
CONTINENTAL COLLISION
VOLCANOES
EARTHQUAKES
Volcanic eruptions modify the landscape creating new landforms, such as islands.
When pieces of the Earth's surface (tectonic plates) collide, the crust is pushed upwards forming mountains.
A sudden shake of the ground due to the release of the Earth's energy.
INTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
The Earth's relief is the result of the action of internal and external geological processes. Let's take a look to the internal ones:
CONTINENTAL COLLISION
VOLCANOES
EARTHQUAKES
Volcanic eruptions modify the landscape creating new landforms, such as islands.
When pieces of the Earth's surface (tectonic plates) collide, the crust is pushed upwards forming mountains.
A sudden shake of the ground due to the release of the Earth's energy.
EXTERNAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Over time, external geological agents change the Earth's relief created by internal processes. These external geological agents are: water, ice, wind, and living things.
DEPOSITION
TRANSPORTATION
EROSION
The accumulation of eroded materials transported by external geological agents can produce new landforms like dunes or deltas.
The action of water, ice, air and living things wear down rocks and soil creating valleys, caves, coastlines and other interresting features.
The eroded materials are moved from the place where they were originally to other places by external agents like ice or wind.
LANDFORMS and bodies OF WATER
GLOSSARY OF GEOGRAPHY TERMS
BODIES OF WATER
LANDFORMS
Peninsula :
Ocean:
A landform surrounded by water except for one side, called isthmus.
Large expanse of saltwater. They cover the 70% of the Earth's surface.
Sea:
Island:
Body of saltwater much smaller than an ocean.
Area of land all surrounded by water.
Gulf:
Archipelago:
Portion of the sea surrounded by land, except one narrow opening.
It is a group of islands.
Cape:
Bay:
High point of land that extends into a body of water.
Similar to a gulf, but smaller and less enclosed.
Mountain:
Strait:
A landform that is much higher than the land around it.
A narrow passage of water connecting to seas.
Beach:
Mountain range:
It is a group of mountains.
A narrow strip of land separating a body of water from inland areas.
BODIES OF WATER
LANDFORMS
River:
Volcano:
Large flowing stream of water that leads to the sea or a lake.
An opening in the Earth's surface through which lava, ash or gases erupt.
Tributary (stream):
Plateau:
Flowing stream of water that leads to another river.
A flat, elevated landform that rises above the surrounding area.
Lake:
Depression/basin:
Body of fresh water surrounded by land.
A flat landform sunken below the surrounding area.
Glacier
Valley:
Thick mass of ice that covers a large area of land.
The low lying area between two mountains or hills.
Delta:
Landform shaped like a triangle, created by deposition of sediment carried by a river.
Desert:
Dry area of land which receives little or almost no rainfall.
SUMMARY
LET'S MAKE A MINDMAP TO SUM UP THE UNIT!
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
WE ARE ALL SET!