UNIVERSE PRESENTATION

PENDING METEORITE HIT IN deneysville

PresentaTION

PRESENTED BY NIZAMIYE SCHOOL MAYFAIR

faculty of sciences

PRESENTED BY BUSHRA ALI MINISTER OF SCIENCES

Information on Meteor

• Distance from Impact: 78.00 km ( = 48.40 miles )
• Projectile Diameter: 200.00 meters ( = 656.00 feet
• Projectile Density: 8000 kg/m3
• Impact Velocity: 20.00 km per second ( = 12.40 miles per second )
• Impact Angle: 90 degrees
• Target Density: 2750 kg/m3
• Impact energy: 6.58 x 1018 Joules = 1.57 x 103MegaTons.

Given the large scale and high energy involved in this hypothetical impact, it would likely have catastrophic consequences on a regional or continental scale. The immediate effects would include the creation of a massive impact crater, widespread seismic activity, and potential ejection of debris into the atmosphere. The extent of destruction would be influenced by various factors, and the resulting effects could be devastating, including severe damage to structures within a large radius and potential long-term environmental effects.

Impact crater

When the projectile strikes the surface, it ejects rock from the surface, resulting in a crater. Shortlyafter the impact, the ground around the initially formed crater begins to collapse inward.The Transient Crater Diameter is the distance from rim to rim of the crater that forms immediately after the impact, before the collapse begins. Final Crater Structure :The Final Crater Diameter is the distance from rim to rim of the crater once collapse has completed. The collapse of the transient cavity results in the final crater structure. The crater typically consists of a central bowl-shaped depression called the crater floor or basin. Structural damages: A massive impact crater immediately causes the target region to be destroyed. Buildings may fall and become fragmented, infrastructure may be disrupted, and the landscape may change as a result of the enormous energy unleashed after the impact. The size of the crater and the closeness of populated areas determine the extent of structural damage.

Seismic activity

Earthquakes generate seismic waves that travel through the Earth's crust, causing the ground toshake. This shaking can result in several effects, including:Seismic waves cause the ground to tremble, causing both horizontal and vertical movement. The magnitude of the earthquake, distance from the epicentre, and local geological parameters all influence the intensity and duration of ground motion. Landslides: In hilly or mountainous areas, strong earthquakes can cause landslides. The shaking has the potential to destabilize hillsides, causing boulders, soil, and debris to flow down and perhaps impede roadways. The major seismic shaking will arrive approximately 15.6 seconds after impact. Richter Scale Magnitude: 6.7

Seismometers on the NASA Insight lander have identified unusual signals from meteoroid impacts on Mars. Impact locations were confirmed by satellite images of new craters at these sites and directly constrain the martian interior, confirming its crustal structure and ground-truthing the scaling of impact-induced seismicity.

Ejecta deposition

Ejecta is material that is ejected or flung out forcibly during an impact event, such as a meteoritecollision. Consist of the impactor fragments as well as the target material.Some of the impact due to ejecta: Atmospheric Effects: Large impacts of ejecta can have a major impact on the atmosphere. This effect generates a tremendous amount of energy and can inject dust, gases, and aerosols into the atmosphere. These atmospheric influences can modify air circulation patterns, change weather conditions, and affect sunlight transmission, resulting in short-term temperature and weather variations. Ejecta size is 8cm The ejecta will arrive approximately be 2.12 minutes after the impact. Mean Fragment Diameter: 7.21 cm ( = 2.84 inches )

Solutions

• The solutions that are given below, are precautions that all people within the impact site must take 2
• months earlier/ before the meteor impact.
• Evacuation of maximum amount of people from the impact area. Within the radius area estimation of 78kms away.

Transportation facilities:

• People that own their own vehicles should evacuate the area as soon possible and travel to cities that are outside the radius of 78km from Deneysville.

• City busses and other medium of emergency transport will be assigned to those that are disadvantage.
• Emergency helicopters and planes will be placed to speed the evacuation process

Other precautions established :

• Public Awareness and Education: Educating the public about meteor impacts, their potential effects,

and the importance of preparedness can help reduce panic and improve overall response during such an event.

• Portals for donations will be open on our website

Text/image III

+ Info

shelter

• Shelter NGOs
• Assembly point 1 Assembly point 3
• Johannesburg(99,1Km) Klerksdorp(166,8Km)

• MES N G Welfare Klerksdorp

• INNER-CITY SOCIAL SUPPORT Rotary Club of Klerksdorp

• Sisters of Mercy Immaculata Hall Feed A Child Charity Shop

• Assembly point 2 Assembly point 4

• Potchefstroom(116,7Km) Pretoria(154,1Km)

• Thakaneng Project KOPANO MANYANO

• Child Welfare Potchefstroom Angels From Above

• NG Welsyn Potchefstroom Give Them Hope Care Centre

Future possible Solution

• During the impact time everyone in the area should be evacuated as time and maps(routes were allocated)
• Impact energy: 6.58 x 1018 Joules = 1.57 x 103MegaTons.
• The average annual energy consumption of a household is around 10,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh). 6.70 × 10^18 joules is equivalent to approximately 1.86 × 10^6 megawatt-hours (MWh), which is enough to power approximately one million homes for a year.
• Large industrial processes: Some energy-intensive industries require vast amounts of energy for their operations. 6.70 × 10^18 joules could power several large industrial processes for a significant amount of time.

Energy captivating possible ways

• Capture and Convert Shockwaves: If it were possible to capture and control the shockwaves generated by the impact, we could potentially use them to drive mechanical turbines or piezoelectric generators, converting the mechanical energy into electricity.
• Thermal radiation refers to the intense heat and light emitted during the meteor's entry in the Earth's atmosphere. When meteoroid enters the Earth's atmosphere at high speed, it experiences significant friction with the air. The friction creates a fireball.
• Heat Capture: The impact generates an enormous amount of heat. Advanced thermal energy conversion systems could be used to capture and convert this heat energy into electricity such as using thermoelectric generators.

ReferencES

• https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/in-depth/
• https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-022-01029-7
• https://www.google.com/maps/place/Potchefstroom/@-25.6604913,25.9610702,8.03z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x1e96877aa63f7483:0x7bb254280a65445d!8m2!3d-26.7145297!4d27.0970475!16zL20vMDJ0X2pu?entry=ttu
• https://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/shaping_the_planets/impact-cratering/
• https://ecofriend.com/piezoelectric-generators-power-future.html

HEALTH SCIENCES

PRESENTED BY NOELLE MORRISMINISTER OF HEALTH SCIENCES

Types of injuries that can be caused

• Primary

From impact of over-pressurization wave with body surfaces. Gas filled structures such as lungs, GI tract, and middle ear are most susceptible.Leads to “Blast Lung” (pulmonary barotrauma), TM rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, concussion, air embolism.

• Secondary

From flying debris and asteriod fragments.Any part of the body may be affected. Penetrating ballistic or blunt injuries will occur.Eye penetration, hematomas, lacerations and bruising may be occult.

• Tertiary

From individuals being thrown by the blast wind.Any part of the body may be affected. Fracture and traumatic amputation as well as closed and open brain injuries may occur.

• Quaternary

Quaternary blast injuries are comprised of all injuries that are not included in primary, secondary, or tertiary blast injury categories.Quaternary blast injuries can be caused by exposure to resulting, fire, fumes, radiation, biological agents, smoke, dust, toxins,environmental exposure, and the psychological impact of the event.

Treatment

• The course of treatment and management is determined by the injuries found during the history and physical examination and should be led by the discretion of medical professionals.
• All severe blast injuries necessitate hospitalization and close monitoring.
• Penetrating wounds (secondary blast

injury), blunt trauma (tertiary/secondary blast injury), and burns receive standard treatment

• Shrapnel wounds (secondary blast injury)are treated as low-velocity gunshot wounds

• In patients with open wounds from blasts,consider broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotics and provide tetanus toxoid if immunization is not up to date.

Disaster triage systeM

• Emergency personnel use a disaster triage system to quickly evaluate and rank patients in a mass casualty incident on severity of injury aiming to save as many lives as possible.

• Triage training

Understanding the needs of the community and the resources at disposal is crucial. An instructor who is knowledgeable about the triage system should plan and deliver the triage training. To ensure that all personel can effectively perform their roles, it is essential that all personnel involved in the disaster triage system implementation receive the proper training. Along with medical personnel, the response effort may also involve volunteers and members of the support staff.

• Setting triage regions

Use tags If tags are not available, think about using skin marker or sharpie to write the patient's triage number on them. Establish a single triage area through which all victims must pass.Each triage category, such as minor,delayed, immediate, or deceased,should have its own designated space. Determine a triage leader who will immediately assess each patient and decide on their triage status.

South African Triage System

• The SATS is recommended since medical personnel in South Africa are already trained in it and volunteers may easily be made aware of it.
• Manual on SATS can be found here:
• https://emssa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/SATS-Manual-A5-LR-spreads.pdf
• The other benefits of the SATS include:
• accelerate time delivery vital care for patients with life-threatening conditions-threatening circumstances
• make sure that everyone who needs emergency treatment is classified correctly based on their clinical state.

• to enhance patient flow
• increase patient contentment
• reduce the duration of the patient's stay overall and enable the streaming of less urgent cases

• be simple to use for healthcare professionals at all levels.

Mobilizing resources

PeopleGeneral surgeons and other Health care professionals should be recruited, hired and prioritized Establish a volunteer staging area and assign someone to manage the area Charge someone/a group of people with getting the necessary supplies (such as bandages and splints)

Medication Follow proper procedures to ensure that medications are properly stored, labeled, and administered. •Ensure that all medications are kept in a secure location to avoid theft or tampering. •Each medication should be clearly labeled with the patient's name, dosage, and usage instructions. •Before giving medication to a patient, double-check their identity and confirm the correct medication and dosage.

Equipment •Hospital supplies should be moved to the closest triage area, including crash carts, airway equipment, and ventilators. •Blood products and bags for intravenous fluids should be available •Protective apparatus should be available and distributed prior and during the event. Examples being: head protection, respiratory protective equipment, hearing protective devices etc

References

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919801/https://www.cdc.gov/masstrauma/preparedness/primer.pdf
• https://restoreyoureconomy.org/main/phases-of-disaster/
• https://jme.bmj.com/content/47/3/200
• https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-020-00296-2
• https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12873-018-0215-0
• https://emssa.org.za/special-interest-groups/the-south-african-triage-scale-sats/
• https://www.nwcphp.org/docs/mass_dispensing/pharmacy_print.pdf

fACULTY OF LAW AND COMMERCE MANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY SHAISTA ALAMMINISTER OF LAW AND COMMERCE MANAGEMENT

CRIMINAL LAW AND THE EFFECTS DUE TO THE METEORITE DESTRUCTION

• The impact of the meteorite destruction goes beyond the physical damage to buildings and infrastructure.
• Damage and injuries become wildspread, overwhelming emergency services.
• This leads to delays in response times and a breakdown of law and order.
• The destruction is seen as an advantage for people, mainly drug supplies or criminals.

CRIME RATE IN DENEYSVILLE

It is 74% safer than other cities in South Africa.

It Crime rates in Deneysville https://www.rentuncle.co.za/area-guides/fs/deneysville/crime-safety/

CRIMES THAT COULD OCCUR DUE TO THE METEORITE DESTRUCTION

• Rape, murder, and plunder.
• Drug supplies
• Theft, robbery, and looting
• Attempted murder, wounding or causing grievous bodily harm,

CANNIBALISM RECAP

• INTENTION: survival instinct. Although very intentional.
• UNLAWFUL: South Africa has no direct law on it however, mutilating a human corpse is seen as a criminal offence.
• CAUSATION: Meteorite destruction and being trapped underground with no food supplies.
• CAPACITY: The defendant should receive less punishment than the punishment given for homicide or intentional murder.

INSURANCE COVERAGE OF THE METEORITE DESTRUCTION

• Providing insurance coverage to residents could help mitigate the financial burden of this event.
• This could include covering the cost of the property damage, medical expenses, and lost income.
• The costs would depend on several factors, including the size of the town and the value of the property.

INSURANCE COVERAGE THAT ARE HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

• Homeowners Insurance
• Business interruption insurance
• Life insurance
• Health insurance

DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT

• THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT, ACT 57 OF 2002, INTENDS TO PROVIDE FOR:

• A co-ordinated disaster management policy that focuses on preventing the risk of disasters, mitigating the security of disasters emergency preparedness, and more.
• The establishment of national, provincial and municipal disaster management centres.
• Incidential matters

PROPERTY AND ASSETS

• It is crucial that most assets and property be transported/transferred during the evacuation process.
• People with low income/poverty stricken should be supported/helped by NGOs and the government.

BUSINESSES/COMPANIES THAT COULD HELP

• Logistic businesses
• Insurance companies
• NGOs
• Building construction companies
• Food industries/companies
• Medical/pharmaceutical industries

BE PREPARED

• It is important to make sure that the insurance policy insures all the property that going to be damaged due to the meteorite disaster.
• Property and assets should be kept safe as these valuable things could e stolen, robbed, or looted.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES POST-METEORITE FALL.

1. The meteorite impact could be seen as a major tourist site which could new business opportunities in Deneysville.

REFERENCES

• Razaeian M. (2013 December). Violence that could occur due to natural disasters. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908534/
• Legal services Commission South Australia. (2023 10 January).Suicide. https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch36s03s04.php
• Law Trove. (n.d) . Criminal law. https://www.oxfordlawtrove.com/display/10.1093/he/9780198848783.001.0001/he-9780198848783-chapter-1#:~:text=Criminal%20law%20is%20concerned%20with,community%20rehabilitation%20orders%2C%20and%20fines.

faculty of humanities

PRESENTED BY AARIFAH PATELMINISTER OF HUMANITIES

REFERENCES

• 360 Degrees of Financial Literacy.(n.d).Make sure you have the right insurance before the disaster strikes.https://www.360financialliteracy.org/Topics/In-Crisis/Preparedness/Make-Sure-You-Have-the-Right-Insurance-Before-Disaster-Strikes
• Rent Uncle. (2018 July). Crime rates of Deneysville.https://www.rentuncle.co.za/area-guides/fs/deneysville/crime-safety/
• Nushy Habib. (n.d). The advantages of shipping by truck. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/advantages-shipping-truck-vs-rail-whats-best-you-nushy-habib
• Investopedia.(n.d). Health insurance.https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/healthinsurance.asp

humanities

Each of us is as intimately attached to the soil of this beautiful country as are the famous jacaranda trees of Pretoria and the mimosa trees of the bushveld - a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world. -Nelson Mandela

PSYCHOLOGY

• What can each individual do to combat mental after-effects of surviving a meteorite disaster ?
• If an individual is not hurt
• After the initial shock passes, assess your surroundings, try to gauge whether there is anybody around that one can assist.
• Alert authorities as to ones location and how many people are with.
• If an individual is hurt
• Try, to the best of ones abilities to stay calm.
• Find a way to communicate to others that one is hurt and requires assistance.

The aftermath

Trauma

• The inevitable trauma of being directly affected or witnessing this traumatic event.
• Grief and loss
• If a persons loved ones have passed on, if there is significant damage to a property or business.

Solution Hospitals around the disaster zone have agreed to double the amount of psychologists available at any given time. Each emergency triage will also have psychologists on scene to help.

The aftermath

Anxiety and hyper-vigilance

• After such a significant and traumatic event, people may become anxious about future potential impacts.

Survivor’s guilt

• Those who survive the event but witness the suffering and loss of others may experience a sense of undeserved luck or unjustified relief. This can lead to self doubt and difficulty in adjusting to the ‘new normal’

Solution

• Encourage those around one, even front-line workers to discuss their emotions.

First responders

• 30% first responders develop behavioural health conditions compared to 20% of the general population.
• 1 in 3 first responders develop PTSD compared to 1 in 5 of the general population.
• Stress and suicidal thoughts are prevalent in first responders.
• Solution
• CISD - Critical Incident Stress Debriefing
• It is a therapeutic technique to be used with first responders after exposure to an excessively stressful or horrific critical incident.
• The primary goal is to facilitate adaptive coping mechanisms. To enhance resistance to stress reactions, build resilience and aid in recovery from the traumatic stress.

Psychologists

• Where will South Africa get psychologists from?

Volunteers or retired psychologistsPsychology students

• What type of psychologists will be needed?

Clinical psychologistsThey aim to reduce distress and promote psychological well-being. They will focus on patients with more serious mental health issues.

• Counselling psychologists

They conduct psychological assessments and administer diagnostic tests to clients. They will help determine which cases are more serious with regard to mental health.

Community cohesion

• In times of difficulty, we tend to rally for one another; therefore, any individual who wants to be part of the rescue and support team will have to follow a few guidelines:
• Visit the website to read up on the potential aftereffects the individual may face after experiencing trauma to understand what they are signing up for.
• Register on the website. This ensures that authorities will be able to track who is going into the disaster area and surrounding affected areas.
• Registering also ensures that there is enough PPE (Personal Protection Equipment) available.
• Always travel in groups. Individuals will be restricted from entering affected areas alone.

Contact details

Police10111 Fire department 10111 or 112 Disaster Management Services 012 848 4602 Ambulance service 083 900 0786 Medical emergency 10177 ER24 084 124

VAAL Marina Police Station016 372 1390 Crime Stop 086 001 0111 Netcare Ambulance 082 911 Fire Department Meyerton 016 360 5909 Medi-Clinic Vereeniging 016 440 5000

The importance

• South African authorities will try deal with this situation to the best of their ability on a national level. South Africa will not deny help offered by foreign nations, but will try to refrain from asking for assistance.
• Since disasters like these have a level of spontanuity, a secondary has been put in place. The collaboration of South Africa and the international community will be crucial for an effective rescue and recovery effort.

Neighbouring countries

The first countries to assist South Africa will be neighbouring countries due to their close proximity. These countries will assist with more immediate aid.These countries include:

• Botswana
• Zimbabwe
• Mozambique
• Lesotho
• Namibia
• Swaziland

These countries will also assist in housing of the evacuees until repatriation.

What aid will be needed?

• Immediate disaster response

Search and rescue teams

• Humanitarian aid

Emergency supplies such as food, clean water and basic healthcare

• Infrastructure support

Assistance in rebuilding damaged infrastructure.

• Financial aid

Grants or loans to help stimulate the local economy, support small businesses, and aid in the revitalization of industries that may have been affected.

• Psychological support

Aid in the form of mental health services and counselling to help survivors deal with trauma and psychological distress resulting from the disaster.

What other countries or international organisations can provide aid?

• The United Nations

South Africa is a member of the United Nations and will be able to seek assistance through various UN agencies like;United Nations for Outer Space AffairsUnited Nations Development Programme

• African Union

Nigeria: Nigeria could potentially provide monetary assistance, logistical support, and expertise in emergency response.Egypt: Egypt has well-established space research and astronomy institutions, and could offer technical support and scientific expertise in coordination with South Africa.Algeria: Algeria has an established space agency and experience in dealing with natural disasters.

What space agencies can assist us in tracking the meteor?

• NASA
• ESA - European Space Agencies
• ROSCOSMOS - Russian Space Agency

These agencies will be able to provide vital assistance to track several factors like the location and mass of the meteor.

Monetary Aid

BRICS Nations

• Brazil
• Brazil has a developed space program and could potentially provide technical support, satellite imagery, and expertise in disaster response.

Russia

• As a space power, Russia can provide advanced space technology, satellite systems, and expertise in dealing with emergencies.

India

• India has a robust space program and could potentially offer technical assistance, satellite resources, and expertise in disaster management.

China

• China has a growing space program and could potentially provide space-related technology and resources in disaster response.

References

• WebMD
• https://www.webmd.com › Mental Health › Reference
• http://infobrics.org
• African Union: Home
• African Union
• https://au.int

THANK you for listening!

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