BASIC TYPES OF SPEAKING

BASIC TYPES OF SPEAKING

Intensive

Imitative

Extensive (Monologue)

Responsive

Interactive

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Description

Interaction and test comprehension but at the somewhat limited level of very short conversations, standard greetings and small talk, simple requests and comments, and the like.

Examples

Mary: Excuse me, what time is it?Doug: Nine-fifteen.

Description

Production of short stretches of oral language designed to demonstrate competence in a narrow band of grammatical, phrasal, lexical, or phonological relationship (such as prosodic elements-intonation, stress, rhythm, juncture).

Examples

• Reading aloud.
• Sentence and dialogue completion.
• Limited picture-cued tasks including simple sequences, etc.

Description

During these activities the opportunity for oral interaction from listeners is either highly limited (perhaps to nonverbal responses) or ruled out altogether. Language style is frequently more deliberative (planning is involved) and formal for extensive tasks, but we cannot rule out certain informal monologues such as casually delivered speech.

Examples

• Speeches, oral presentations and storytelling, informal monologues like the narration of vacations, a recipe or recounting the plot of a novel or movie.

Description

The ability to simply parrot back (imitate) a word or phrase or possibly a sentence. While this is a purely phonetic level of oral production, a number of prosodic, lexical, and grammatical properties of language may be included in the criterion performance. We are just interested in the pronunciation.

Examples

• Singing songs.
• Saying funny words or phrases.

Examples

Description

Transactional:T: What is the most urgent environmental problem today? S: I would say massive deforestation. Interpersonal: Jeff: Hey, Stef, how's it going? Stef: Not bad, and yourself? Jeff: I'm good.

The difference between responsive and interactive speaking is in the length and complexity of the interaction, which sometimes includes multiple exchanges and/or multiple participants. Interaction can take the two forms of transactional language, which has the purpose of exchanging specific information, or interpersonal exchanges, which have the purpose of maintaining social relationships.