perfect tense.

GRAMMAR II

PERFECT TENSE

PAST PERFECT

FUTURE PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT

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PAST PERFECT

The easiest way to learn it is to learn the Spanish way. If we want to say "había ido, habia comido, habia leido...", we will automatically use the Past Perfect Tense. It is a verb tense, which reflects an action that has already finished in the past, but this action precedes another one (it's confusing, isn't it?), but now it will be clearer: If we want to talk about an action we did in the past (I had eaten apples), and then we do another action (and I threw up in my closet); the first action is done in past perfect, and the second in past simple.

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PAST PERFECT

AFFIRMATIVE FORM Structure: Subject + HAD + Past Participle Verb + Complement I had studied architecture: Yo habia estudiado arquitectura. She had eaten rice : Ella habia comido arroz. REMINDER: We can also find it written with contraction: I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, it'd, we'd, they'd.

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PAST PERFECT

NEGATIVE FORM: We keep the same structure, but we must add the negative. Subject + HAD + NOT (can be contracted:hand't) + Verb in Past Participle + COMPLEMENT. I hadn't studied architecture because I preferred to travel. She hadn't eaten rice because it had worms.

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PAST PERFECT

INTERROGATIVE FORM Structure: HAD + Subject + Past Participle Verb + COMPLEMENT Had they studied English before they went to London?

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PRESENT PERFECT

AFFIRMATIVE FORM: Subject + HAVE/HAS + Participle Verb + COMPLEMENT NEGATIVE FORM: Subject + HAVE/HAS + Negative Particle (NOT) + Verb in Participle + COMPLEMENT INTERROGATIVE FORM: HAVE / HAS + Subject + Participle Verb + COMPLEMENT

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PRESENT PERFECT USES

1. Actions that started in the past and are still going on in the present I have never eaten rats: Nunca he comido ratas. 2. Actions that began and ended, but that in some way, affect the present. I have bought a car: Me he comprado un carro

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PRESENT PERFECT USES

3. Actions that began and ended, but the speaker does not express the time interval, there is no specific time for that action. I have been this year in Mexico : He estado este año en Mexico * Actions that have not yet begun The plane hasn't landed yet: El avión aún no ha aterrizado. Remember!!! In the Present Perfect, we will make a distinction if it is the third person singular, and we will have to write its corresponding HAS.

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FUTURE PERFECT USES

And we come to the last perfect tense, this one is simple because it is the same as in Spanish: habrá, habré, habremos... So it doesn't usually give us many headaches (more or less).

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FUTURE PERFECT ESTRUCTURE

AFFIRMATIVE FORM: Subject + Will + Have + Past Participle Verb + COMPLEMENT We will have travelled to London by this evening: Nosotros habremos viajado a Londres para esta noche By two o'clock, we will have arrived home: Para las 2 en punto, habremos llegado a casa

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FUTURE PERFECT ESTRUCTURE

NEGATIVE FORM: Subject + Won't (will not) + Have + Past Participle Verb + COMPLEMENT Yo no habré ido: I won’t have gone

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FUTURE PERFECT ESTRUCTURE

INTERROGATIVE FORM WILL + SUJECT + Have + Past Participle Verb + COMPLEMENT When will you have finished your proyect?: ¿Cuándo habrás terminado tu proyecto?

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LET'S PRACTICE

ANSWER WITH PERFECT TENSE

Future,Past,Present.

Perfect tenses revision

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