Human rights & cultural rights
mahsa amani
paola lizet hernández pacheco - A01737238Sujey de la Cruz Serrano - A01745695 Arely Yael Villatoro Amador - A01663303 Lluvia Pamela Flores Murillo - A00571774 María Fernanda Sulub Cornejo - A01633316 Lina Ximena Valdez Calderon - A01562997
Explanation of universal human rights vision by the team
Mahsa Amini’s death is the perfect representation of the multiple human right’s violations that the Illegitimate Islamic Regime of Iran has been committing in the past decades. Masha Amini was detained by the Iranian Morality Police for inappropriately wearing her headscarf (she was showing too much hair, which the regime classifies as a crime against god). Multiple people have testified that she was beaten by the police officers when this happened, a few hours later she was transported to a hospital in which she died three days later. Even though the Iranian government has declared that she died because of a condition she supposedly had prior to her arrest, her family has widely commented on social media that she was completely healthy, which caused multiple threats from the morality police, as well as the government cutting out the internet from various cities in which protests took place.
The violations of human rights are plenty, but the most relevant are the following:
Cultural relativism of the case
Cultural relativism states that every culture should be understood or evaluated considering its own beliefs, traditions, conventionalities, etc. Following this idea, it doesn't consider human rights as entirely acceptable since they don´t contemplate the specificities of all existing cultures and are predominantly based on Western/liberal ideas. (Learn About... Human Rights and Cultural Rights: Intersectionality, Otherness and the Global Village (Gpo 801), 2023). Applied in the case, cultural relativism would justify the fact that Mahsa Amini’s was taken to the police station by the morality of the police to re-educate about the use of hijab. This is because the use of it is mandatory in Iran following the rules and beliefs of their religion (Islam). In addition, from one point of view, cultural relativism would be against visitors having to obligatorily wear the hijab since it’s not their culture. However, from Iran's point of view, it would be justifiable. Nevertheless, it's important to mention that the murder of Mahsa is completely unacceptable.
Data to support the cultural relativism stands of the case.
Understanding of the current debates regarding the "universal" nature of Human Rights and the criticisms
>Unfortunately Human Rights is an excuse for neoliberal powers to further their foreign policy.<
This is one of the comments that can be seen in social media as a criticism of the universalism of Human Rights. We definitely believe that although many bad actions taken by Western governments to intervene in other Middle Eastern countries in the name of human rights have affected the perception that these cultures have of them and have diverted attention from what they really defend, we believe that the principles of human rights must be applied to all people, without any distinction of nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other condition.
An example can be education; each person in every culture should have the right and decision to study, if they don't want to do it there shouldn’t be a problem, but if they want to at least they shouldn’t be punished, as Malala Youfsafsai.
It is well known that Human Rights have been criticized as a western movement that not all cultures asked for and can apply to their everyday practices. We do believe that the big challenge is that not all people are willing to respect the individuality and human rights of others and give up their privileges. Cultures can maintain their essence and characteristics while they respect each person's individuality.
Just as Peter Tatchell says in reference to Irani’s culture “ It’s about solidarity with their fight, not about imposing “westernized” and “white” values on them.”
References
Lumen Learning. (n.d.). Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism | Introduction to Sociology. Lumen. Retrieved June 29, 2023, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-introductiontosociology/chapter/ethnocentrism-and-cultural-relativism/ Learn about... Human rights and cultural rights: Intersectionality, Otherness and the Global Village (Gpo 801). (2023). Experiencia21.Tec.mx. https://experiencia21.tec.mx/courses/380161/pages/learn-about-dot-dot-dot-human-rights-and-cultural-rights?module_item_id=22697354 Mogahed. D. (2021). Six Facts Key to Understanding American Muslim Women. ISPU. https://www.ispu.org/six-facts-about-muslim-women/ Art. (2019). The Problem with Human Rights | Peter Tatchell [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyqG1TaGzgQ&t=182s Al Jazeera English. (2022). Iran Protests: Mahsa Amini’s Death | Between Us [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0F4miZPfHW0 News, B. (2022). Mahsa Amini: How one woman’s death sparked Iran protests - BBC News [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZMvrkU_eEY News, N. (2023). Six months of protests in Iran over the death of Mahsa Amini [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMsGu-SaYNk Amnistía Internacional España. (2023). Irán: seis meses sin Mahsa Amini, muchos años de impunidad. Retrieved from Amnesty.org website: https://www.es.amnesty.org/en-que-estamos/blog/historia/articulo/iran-seis-meses-sin-mahsa-amini-muchos-anos-de-impunidad/ Alkhaldi, C., Pourahmadi, A., & John, T. (2022, October 26). Clashes in Iran as thousands gather at Mahsa Amini’s grave, 40 days after her death. Retrieved from CNN website: https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/26/middleeast/iran-clashes-mahsa-amini-grave-intl/index.html Niels de Hoog, & Morresi, E. (2022, October 31). Mapping Iran’s unrest: how Mahsa Amini’s death led to nationwide protests. Retrieved from the Guardian website: https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2022/oct/31/mapping-irans-unrest-how-mahsa-aminis-death-led-to-nationwide-protests CNN en Español. (2022). Hiyabs fuera, protestas sin descanso y la muerte de Mahsa Amini: mira lo que está pasando en Irán [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7Gk5wFV0R0 Fifth Day of Nationwide Protests Following Mahsa Amini’s Death - Hrana. (2022, September 22). Retrieved from Hrana website: https://www.en-hrana.org/fifth-day-of-nationwide-protests-following-mahsa-aminis-death/ BBC News. (2022, October 14). BBC identifies young people killed in Iran’s protests. Retrieved from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63242100
More information about the case
- Clashes in Iran as thousands gather at Mahsa Amini’s grave, 40 days after her death
- Irán: seis meses sin Mahsa Amini, muchos años de impunidad
- Mapping Iran’s unrest: how Mahsa Amini’s death led to nationwide protests
Data to support the universal human rights vision.
Human rights & cultural rights: Mahsa Aminis
Paola Lizet Hernández Pacheco
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Transcript
Human rights & cultural rights
mahsa amani
paola lizet hernández pacheco - A01737238Sujey de la Cruz Serrano - A01745695 Arely Yael Villatoro Amador - A01663303 Lluvia Pamela Flores Murillo - A00571774 María Fernanda Sulub Cornejo - A01633316 Lina Ximena Valdez Calderon - A01562997
Explanation of universal human rights vision by the team
Mahsa Amini’s death is the perfect representation of the multiple human right’s violations that the Illegitimate Islamic Regime of Iran has been committing in the past decades. Masha Amini was detained by the Iranian Morality Police for inappropriately wearing her headscarf (she was showing too much hair, which the regime classifies as a crime against god). Multiple people have testified that she was beaten by the police officers when this happened, a few hours later she was transported to a hospital in which she died three days later. Even though the Iranian government has declared that she died because of a condition she supposedly had prior to her arrest, her family has widely commented on social media that she was completely healthy, which caused multiple threats from the morality police, as well as the government cutting out the internet from various cities in which protests took place.
The violations of human rights are plenty, but the most relevant are the following:
Cultural relativism of the case
Cultural relativism states that every culture should be understood or evaluated considering its own beliefs, traditions, conventionalities, etc. Following this idea, it doesn't consider human rights as entirely acceptable since they don´t contemplate the specificities of all existing cultures and are predominantly based on Western/liberal ideas. (Learn About... Human Rights and Cultural Rights: Intersectionality, Otherness and the Global Village (Gpo 801), 2023). Applied in the case, cultural relativism would justify the fact that Mahsa Amini’s was taken to the police station by the morality of the police to re-educate about the use of hijab. This is because the use of it is mandatory in Iran following the rules and beliefs of their religion (Islam). In addition, from one point of view, cultural relativism would be against visitors having to obligatorily wear the hijab since it’s not their culture. However, from Iran's point of view, it would be justifiable. Nevertheless, it's important to mention that the murder of Mahsa is completely unacceptable.
Data to support the cultural relativism stands of the case.
Understanding of the current debates regarding the "universal" nature of Human Rights and the criticisms
>Unfortunately Human Rights is an excuse for neoliberal powers to further their foreign policy.< This is one of the comments that can be seen in social media as a criticism of the universalism of Human Rights. We definitely believe that although many bad actions taken by Western governments to intervene in other Middle Eastern countries in the name of human rights have affected the perception that these cultures have of them and have diverted attention from what they really defend, we believe that the principles of human rights must be applied to all people, without any distinction of nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other condition. An example can be education; each person in every culture should have the right and decision to study, if they don't want to do it there shouldn’t be a problem, but if they want to at least they shouldn’t be punished, as Malala Youfsafsai. It is well known that Human Rights have been criticized as a western movement that not all cultures asked for and can apply to their everyday practices. We do believe that the big challenge is that not all people are willing to respect the individuality and human rights of others and give up their privileges. Cultures can maintain their essence and characteristics while they respect each person's individuality. Just as Peter Tatchell says in reference to Irani’s culture “ It’s about solidarity with their fight, not about imposing “westernized” and “white” values on them.”
References
Lumen Learning. (n.d.). Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism | Introduction to Sociology. Lumen. Retrieved June 29, 2023, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-introductiontosociology/chapter/ethnocentrism-and-cultural-relativism/ Learn about... Human rights and cultural rights: Intersectionality, Otherness and the Global Village (Gpo 801). (2023). Experiencia21.Tec.mx. https://experiencia21.tec.mx/courses/380161/pages/learn-about-dot-dot-dot-human-rights-and-cultural-rights?module_item_id=22697354 Mogahed. D. (2021). Six Facts Key to Understanding American Muslim Women. ISPU. https://www.ispu.org/six-facts-about-muslim-women/ Art. (2019). The Problem with Human Rights | Peter Tatchell [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyqG1TaGzgQ&t=182s Al Jazeera English. (2022). Iran Protests: Mahsa Amini’s Death | Between Us [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0F4miZPfHW0 News, B. (2022). Mahsa Amini: How one woman’s death sparked Iran protests - BBC News [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZMvrkU_eEY News, N. (2023). Six months of protests in Iran over the death of Mahsa Amini [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMsGu-SaYNk Amnistía Internacional España. (2023). Irán: seis meses sin Mahsa Amini, muchos años de impunidad. Retrieved from Amnesty.org website: https://www.es.amnesty.org/en-que-estamos/blog/historia/articulo/iran-seis-meses-sin-mahsa-amini-muchos-anos-de-impunidad/ Alkhaldi, C., Pourahmadi, A., & John, T. (2022, October 26). Clashes in Iran as thousands gather at Mahsa Amini’s grave, 40 days after her death. Retrieved from CNN website: https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/26/middleeast/iran-clashes-mahsa-amini-grave-intl/index.html Niels de Hoog, & Morresi, E. (2022, October 31). Mapping Iran’s unrest: how Mahsa Amini’s death led to nationwide protests. Retrieved from the Guardian website: https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2022/oct/31/mapping-irans-unrest-how-mahsa-aminis-death-led-to-nationwide-protests CNN en Español. (2022). Hiyabs fuera, protestas sin descanso y la muerte de Mahsa Amini: mira lo que está pasando en Irán [YouTube Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7Gk5wFV0R0 Fifth Day of Nationwide Protests Following Mahsa Amini’s Death - Hrana. (2022, September 22). Retrieved from Hrana website: https://www.en-hrana.org/fifth-day-of-nationwide-protests-following-mahsa-aminis-death/ BBC News. (2022, October 14). BBC identifies young people killed in Iran’s protests. Retrieved from BBC News website: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-63242100
More information about the case
Data to support the universal human rights vision.