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Learning Theories Part 2- I.Boydston GCU

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Learning Theories Part 2

est. 2019

Ingrid BoydstonGrand Canyon University edu-522: Curriculum Design Theories Dr. Heather Hamtil July 5, 2023

Learning Theories Part 2

Sociocultural

Memory

Types ofLearning

Characteristics

How Learning Occurs

MajorTheorist

Learning Theories Part 2

Connectivism

Memory

Types ofLearning

Characteristics

How Learning Occurs

MajorTheorist

Learning Theories Part 2

Adult Learning Theory

Memory

Types ofLearning

Characteristics

How Learning Occurs

MajorTheorist

References

Cognitivism vs Connectivism. (2018, July 27). Instructional Design & Technology. https://opsoniselearning.wordpress.com/learning-theories/cognitivism/ editor-zzpf3fds. (2022, August 30). Andragogy: Adult Learning Theory - Instructional Design Australia. Instructional Design Australia. https://instructionaldesign.com.au/andragogy-adult-learning-theory/ Fairbanks, B. (2021). 7 adult learning theories and principles to enhance your education. University of Phoenix. https://www.phoenix.edu/blog/adult-learning-theories-principles.html Mcleod, S., PhD. (2023). Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html Stoltz, R. (2021). What is Adult Learning Theory? NEIT. https://www.neit.edu/blog/what-is-adult-learning-theory Western Governors University. (2021, May 27). Connectivism Learning Theory. Western Governors University. https://www.wgu.edu/blog/connectivism-learning-theory2105.html

How Learning Occurs

Nodes and links are two terms used to define the structure of Connectivism. Learning happens when objects-nodes- are connected or linked to another object. The connection is the learning. This can happen within a learner by connecting ideas or outside as a learner connects one thought to another that might be stored on an external network (Western Governors University, 2021).

Characteristics

Adult Learning Theory is characterized by self-directed, project based learning about topics that are relevant to an adult learners immediate circumstances (Stoltz, 2021).

Major Theorist

Andragogy, or Adult Learning Theory, was presented by Malcolm Knowles, an American Educator, in the late 1960’s (Stolz,2021).

Types of Learning

Types of learning that incorporate cognitivism include those that begin by questioning the students about prior experiences and opinions. Encouraging group discussions and moving from basic to higher order thinking skills such as synthesizing or evaluating ideas are all cognitivist approaches to learning (Cognitive Learning Theory: Definition & Examples | University of Phoenix, n.d.).

Major Theorist

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The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, who was a contemporary of Piaget, developed the sociocultural learning theory (MSEd, 2023).

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Memory

Although children are born with the innate ability to remember, as well as perceive, memory is developed to a higher level through social interactions (Mcleod, 2023).

Memory

The ability to remember information is not nearly as important as the ability to locate information. Seeing patterns within a network improves memory and allows new information to be connected to existing information (Cognitivism Vs Connectivism, 2018)

How Learning Occurs

Learning occurs when adults are encouraged to use their life experience and curiosity to problem solve, and often collaborate with peers, to find answers that make sense to the individual learner in a practical way (editor-zzpf3fds, 2022).

Types of Learning

Peer tutors, study buddies and think-pair-share are all examples of sociocultural learning (Psychology, 2022). Activities that require social interactions such as guided imaginary play, reenactments and role playing also illustrate sociocultural learning theory in practical application (MSEd, 2022).

How Learning Occurs

Learning is the result of social interactions, including play, between members with differing levels of knowledge. As students encounter and organize memories in more challenging situations, higher level learning occurs (MSEd, 2022).

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Types of Learning

Adult learning theory is self-directed, involves collaboration and results in practical transformation to some extent. The adult learning is motivated and curious to learn (Fairbanks, 2021)..

Characteristics

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Sociocultural learning theory is characterized by the importance placed on social interactions such as the relationship between the learner and parents, teachers or caregivers. These guides are needed to help students close the gap between what they do and do not yet know which is known as the zone of proximal development (MSEd, 2022).

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Characteristics

Connectivism is characterized by teachers as facilitators helping students, or nodes, to know how to find needed information and make the necessary connections. It often utilizes technology and is in a constant state of flux due to the rapidity at which our knowledge base changes. (Western Governors University, 2021).

Memory

Adult learners have a deep base of memories, experiences and beliefs that may influence their ability to easily learn new lessons. However, they are also motivated by the desire for practical, real life change. Their ability to use critical thinking and problem solving allow them to delve into to topics and create new learning that may be useful to improving their circumstances in life (editor-zzpf3fds, 2022).

Major Theorist

Both George Siemens and Stephen Downes are credited with developing the learning theory of Connectivism (Western Governors University, 2021).